Das Buch gibt einen anschaulichen UEberblick uber das facettenreiche Gebiet der Gemmologie in Theorie und Praxis. Im ersten Teil werden die klassischen und modernen Methoden zur Bestimmung und Erkennung der Edelsteine ausfuhrlich vorgestellt. Der zweite Teil des Buches umfasst den komplexen Bereich der Manipulationen und Behandlung der Schmuckmaterialien sowie ihre Erkennungsmoeglichkeiten. Die Kapitel des letzten Teils widmen sich den Grundlagen zum besseren Verstandnis der Eigenschaften und Methoden.

The exploitation of the mining and trade of "conflict minerals"ain particular, tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold from the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)ahas contributed to the displacement of people and severe human rights abuses. The 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) addresses, among other things, trade in conflict minerals. This book looks at the progress made since the Dodd-Frank Act went into effect.

Der deutsche Mineraloge Alfred Eppler (1867 - 1923) verfasste dieses Werk uber Schmuck- und Edelsteine im Auftrag des deutschen Werkbundes als gewerbliche Materialkunde. Als Ergebnis liegt nun ein ausfuhrliches Buch vor, welches die Eigenschaften und Erkennungsmerkmale (Kristallformen, Spaltbarkeit, Harte, spezifisches Gewicht) beschreibt. Eppler geht umfangreich auf Falschungen und Imitationen ein. Er erlautert verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden, beschreibt die verschiedenen Arten der Schmuck- und Edelsteine, die Lagerstatten und Gewinnung sowie den Handel mit Rohsteinen und die Schmuckindustrie. Im Anhang findet der Leser farbige Abbildungen der verschiedenen Arten von Schmuck- und Edelsteinen. Der Autor hat einen auch fur interessierte Laien gut lesbaren Schriftstil verwendet.

An Introduction to Aluminosilicates first reviews the main advances in methods of obtaining synthetic montmorillonite for environmental and biomedical areas. The perspectives and main challenges in the application of these materials is critically analyzed. The authors next study Polyhydroxy metal complexes of Al, Fe, Zr, Cr and Ti (inorganic pillarizing agents) for the synthesis of pillared clays. Information is provided on the possibility of using amorphous aluminosilicates as a modifying additive in the formulation of cement-based dry building mixtures. The physicochemical properties of the additive are considered, and the results of XRD and DTA analyzes are presented. The authors investigate the molecular orientation and surface morphology of organized molecular films with regard to solidastate structures for organo-modified aluminosilicates by a surface pressure-area isotherm, in-plane and out-of plane X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. A new method for the synthesis of amorphous mesoporous aluminosilicates with acidic properties and a narrow pore size distribution in the range of 2-7 nm is also explored. The urease immobilization of composite adsorbents polyacrylamideabentonite, polyacrylamideachitosan, and polyacrylamideachitosanabentonite is assessed, produced from polyacrylamide as a hydrogel, bentonite as an aluminosilicate mineral, and chitosan as a polysaccharide. Following this, the authors provide a brief overview of literature data where crystalline aluminosilicates have been utilized for the capture and immobilization of radionuclides. The physiochemical properties of as-synthesized layered aluminosilicate are characterized by small angle PXRD, FTIR, porosity studies, thermal studies, 27Al MAS NMR, and morphological studies. Subsequently, this compilation addresses the way in which magnetic nanoparticles have proven to be frequently occurring building blocks for hybrid structure construction and, moreover, have shown innovative prospects as multifunctional adsorbents. Modern methods for the synthesis of highly dispersed micro- and micromesoporous mordenite with a high degree of crystallinity, as well as high crystallinity mordenite with a hierarchical porous structure, methods for modifying the mentioned crystalline aluminosilicates as a result of postsynthetic treatments, and modern adsorption and catalytic systems based on them are described. Next, the high activity and selectivity of high crystallinity zeolite Y with a hierarchical porous structure in the synthesis of practically important oligomers of various unsaturated compounds is established. The authors highlight that the aluminosilicate present in kaolin may also be used in the production of zeolitic materials, and some details of this application are explained. The adsorptive features of PAAm-Ch-Z for Th4+ are investigated in view of its dependency on pH, concentration, time, temperature and ionic strength. The parameters derived from the compatibility of experimentally obtained data to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich, van t'Hoff, pseudo frist-/second-order and Weber Morris models are utilized in the evaluation of adsorption and its thermodynamics and kinetics. Lastly, the authors consider a possible mechanism for the generation of an acetyl-zeolite intermediate via transfer from different acetyl donors through theoretical studies using a cluster model of H-ZSM-5 zeolite designed by three TO4 tetrahedral units.

Halloysite is a natural clay mineral that belongs to the kaolin group. Its chemical formula is Al2(OH)4Si2O5.nH2O. Primarily, this mineral is an ideal nanofiller for polymer composites, but it is also utilised in the manufacture of ceramic wares and in the encapsulation of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The authors present details regarding a simple, rapid, high-yield, and low-temperature synthetic approach for the in-situ growth of noble metal nanoparticles in the interior of halloysite nanotubes. Benefits of halloysite nanotubes for polymeric structures and technical applications in various fields are highlighted, particularly their thermal stability, mechanical strength, and non-flammability. The closing chapter focuses on the latest research concerning halloysite nanotubes applications in different fields such as biomedicine and pharmacotherapy, food packaging, agriculture, water treatment, catalysis and antifouling.

La croissance demographique de Ouagadougou entraine des problemes d'alimentation en Eau en quantite et surtout en qualite. Cette etude permet de faire l'etat de la ressource en eau souterraine et de sa vulnerabilite. Ouagadougou est batie sur des formations de socle cristallin du paleo proterozoique, recoupees par de grandes fractures orientees Nord-sud et Est-ouest. On a trois niveaux plus ou moins aquiferes mais generalement deux nappes et les fractures constituent les voies privilegiees d'arrivee de polluants. Les outils hydrogeochimiques ont permis de comprendre la complexite des aquiferes, leur fonctionnement et d'identifier la pollution au niveau des eaux des puits dont la conductivite augmente avec l'alcalinite avec la mineralisation de la matiere organique. Une cartographie des nitrates sur 1800 puits met en evidence trois grandes zones avec des teneurs excessives jusqu'a 150 mg/l.La degradation de la qualite des eaux s'accompagne de la presence de bacteries.La cartographie de la vulnerabilite de la nappe inferieure montre deux zones tres vulnerables sur lesquelles une grande attention doit etre portee a l'occupation des sols et l'assainissement.

Dans les acieries, la conversion de la fonte en acier est une operation qui genere des quantites tres importantes de residus: les laitiers d'acierie de conversion (LAC), qui sont en partie valorises en tant que granulats en genie civil. Cette these vise a quantifier et a expliquer le comportement a la lixiviation des LAC, c'est-a-dire leur alteration et le relargage des metaux traces (Cr, V) qu'ils contiennent, par l'identification des mecanismes physico-chimiques qui regissent, au sein meme de la matrice solide, la mobilite et le transfert des elements. L'approche experimentale choisie est basee sur des tests de lixiviation (en laboratoire a l'aide du CTG-Leachcrete et en lysimetre a l'echelle semi-pilote) et des spectroscopies d'absorption et de fluorescence des rayons X. Les donnees issues de ces experiences ont permis d'initialiser un modele geochimique (a l'aide du code CHESS) reproduisant l'alteration des LAC. Ce modele vise a terme a predire le comportement a long terme des LAC dans un scenario de valorisation donne.

La plupart des peintures parietales prehistoriques sont rouges (hematite naturelle ou goethite chauffee) ou noirs (charbon ou oxyde de manganese). Ces pigments ont ete prepares par broyage, melange ou chauffage. Les analyses physico-chimiques permettent de determiner la nature du materiau, son mode de preparation et eventuellement sa provenance. Les diverses phases d'oxyde de manganese se distinguent par leur composition chimique, leur structure et le degre d'oxydation de l'ion Mn. La transformation structurale des oxydes lors d'un traitement thermique a ete suivie par MET. Plusieurs stigmates permettent de distinguer un oxyde naturel d'un oxyde obtenu par chauffage, comme des pores dans la bixbyite. L'analyse d'echantillons archeologiques provenant de France et d'Espagne a permis d'evaluer le niveau technique des Prehistoriques. La matiere picturale est constituee de pigment brut ou melange. Cependant aucun pigment noir chauffe n'a ete identifie dans les prelevements analyses.

La preparation de l'acide phosphorique a partir des apatites par attaque par l'acide sulfurique conduit a des acides phosphoriques de differentes concentrations contenant des impuretes qui etaient presentes soit dans le minerai de depart soit entrainees par les reactifs utilises dans le procede de preparation. Certaines, de ces impuretes, peuvent etre valorisees comme l'uranium, le vanadium et les terres rares; d'autres comme (arsenic, matieres organiques...), au contraire, sont genantes puisqu'elles degradent l'efficacite des equipements et la qualite du produit fini, donc, elles doivent etre eliminees .On parle notamment des matieres organiques.La presente etude s'inscrit dans ce cadre, et vise a explorer la flottation, comme un procede innovant, susceptible d'eliminer les matieres organiques contenues dans l'acide phosphorique-produit par voie humide-par barbotage de l'air en utilisant une cellule de flottation, et d'effectuer une etude hydrodynamique visant a determiner les differents parametres influencant sur le rendement de la cellule de flottation, et permettant d'obtenir un acide purifie qui repond aux exigences de certains clients .

Metal usage by humans is vigorously increasing day-by-day. Since the turn of the new millennium, human needs have mainly depended on different types of metal. Ores and minerals are the primary natural sources of metals. In order to process metals, manufacturers require certain methods and technology. This reference book provides six widely used varieties of metal synthesizing and the chapters are contributed by internationally reputed professors and researchers. Chapter One focuses on biomineralization. Biomineralisation is an art of nature; it is an important process where organisms produce hierarchical mineral structures with diverse functions for their survival. This process happens through the self-organisation of organic and inorganic molecules under ambient conditions, resulting in highly structured materials with remarkable physical and chemical properties. Chapter Two refers to the application of biological methods in mineral processing. Chapter Three describes monazite mineral processing; monazite is the main resource of rare earth metals such as uranium and thorium. In this chapter, monazite mining, beneficiation and metallurgical routes are discussed. Chapter Four defines the hydrometallurgy of rare earth metals, including scandium. Chapter Five deals with ore extraction technology through computer aided engineering techniques. The final chapter concludes with the processing technology used to treat primary and secondary sources for base metal recovery.

Seit dem Erscheinen meines "Lexikon der Steinzeit" sind ber 12 Jahre vergangen. In dieser Zeit hat es zahlreiche neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse gegeben, die eine v llige berarbeitung notwendig erscheinen lassen, damit es dem neuesten Stand entspricht. Es gibt kein vergleichbares arch ologisches Lexikon in dieser umfassenden und ausf hrlichen Form, damit ist es einmalig auf dem deutschen Buchmarkt. Es umfasst sowohl die menschliche Evolution, die Steinzeit in ihrem gesamten Umfang, sowie geologische und biologische Daten. Die Entwicklung des Menschen und seiner Kultur ist ein sehr aktuelles Thema, zu dem auch die Tagespresse immer Nachrichten ber neue Entdeckungen in aller Welt bringt und so die Aufmerksamkeit auf den Prozess der vor etwas 3 Millionen Jahren begonnenen Menschwerdung lenkt (Doz. Dr. Karel Valoch, DSc., Br nn). Es wendet sich zun chst an den Interessierten. In einer Zeit, da Studium und Lehre auf den Universit ten immer mehr eingeengt wird, mag es sogar als Orientierungshilfe zuk nftiger Wissenschaftler n tzlich sein, um sich seinen F cherkatalog zusammen zu stellen (Prof. Dr. Clemens Eibner, Heidelberg).

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Synopsis Der Mineralogie Und Geognosie: Abth. Geognosie. 2 V; Synposis Der Drei Naturreiche, 3. Th., 1.- 2.] Abth; Volume 2, Issue 2 Of Synopsis Der Mineralogie Und Geognosie: Ein Handbuch Fur Hohere Lehranstalten Und Fur Alle, Welche Sich Wissenschaftlich Mit Der Naturgeschichte Der Mineralien Beschaftigen Wollen; Ferdinand Senft Ferdinand Senft Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung, 1878 Science; Earth Sciences; Geology; Geology; Mineralogy; Science / Earth Sciences / Geology; Science / Earth Sciences / Mineralogy

This book is exclusively devoted to a broad perspective of research interests centred around environmental geochemistry and the coupling of geology and geochemistry in sandstones. The main focus is to provide a well-balanced, up-to-date overview of all aspects related to geology, geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems, as geochemistry has contributed significantly to the understanding of ground-water systems. Water imbibition is fundamental to waterflood performance in low permeability reservoir rocks. Measuring the thermal properties of rocks and rock-fluid systems is difficult and time consuming and the results from such measurements are of limited value unless complete descriptions of the rock and fluids are given. The book also addresses an existing need for a method of predicting thermal behaviour from other more easily measurable properties, cementation of sandstones and sources of silica during the diagenesis. Presented here are correlations developed for predicting the thermal conductivity of consolidated sandstones from the knowledge of density, porosity, permeability, and the formation resistivity factor.

Zauber der Mineralien und Gesteine umfasst mit 135 grossartigen Farbfotografien ein breites Spektrum, das von Bildern ausgedehnter Gesteinsvorkommen in Europa, Amerika, Australien und Island bis hin zu Detailaufnahmen von wenigen Quadratmillimetern Groesse reicht. Fotografien von Kristallen, Edelsteinen und Fossilien wechseln ab mit Abbildungen feinster Strukturen und Muster aus dunnen, durchsichtigen Gesteins- und Mineralienscheiben. Dabei fuhrt der Fotograf Dirk Wiersma den Leser in Raume mit uberraschenden neuen Formen und Perspektiven. Der kurze begleitende Text ist allgemein verstandlich und enthalt alle notwendigen Hintergrundinformationen.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Synopsis Der Mineralogie Und Geognosie: Abth. Geognosie. 2 V; Synposis Der Drei Naturreiche, 3. Th., 1.- 2.] Abth; Volume 2, Issue 2 Of Synopsis Der Mineralogie Und Geognosie: Ein Handbuch Fur Hohere Lehranstalten Und Fur Alle, Welche Sich Wissenschaftlich Mit Der Naturgeschichte Der Mineralien Beschaftigen Wollen; Ferdinand Senft Ferdinand Senft Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung, 1878 Science; Earth Sciences; Geology; Geology; Mineralogy; Science / Earth Sciences / Geology; Science / Earth Sciences / Mineralogy