In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the crystallography, chemistry and catalytic performance of perovskites. Topics discussed include the defect structure and defect-induced expansion of perovskite oxides; perovskite-based catalysts for transformation of natural gas and oxygenates into syngas; Bi containing multiferroic perovskite oxide thin films; perovskites as catalysts for environmental remediation; microwave-assisted synthesis and characterisation of perovskite oxides; perovskite and lead based ceramic materials; photocatalytic properties of perovskite-type layered oxides; structure of perovskite electron-ionic conductors; and distorted perovskites.

All Earth Science students need to understand the origins, environments, and basic processes that produce igneous and metamorphic rocks. This concise introductory textbook provides students with the essential knowledge needed to understand how petrology relates to other topics in the geologic sciences, and has been written specifically for one-semester courses. Throughout, the emphasis is on interpreting the mineralogy and petrology of rock suites in terms of origin and environment, with the first half of the book concentrating on igneous rocks, and the second half on metamorphic rocks. This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and brought completely up-to-date. It now includes a new chapter on the application of stable and radiogenic isotopes in petrology, introducing students to the concept of isotopic fractionation and describing the process of radioactive decay. The discussions of phase diagrams, connections between igneous and metamorphic rock suites, and convergent margin magmatism have also been expanded. There is a new glossary of terms, updated end-of-chapter exercises, and updated further readings.

Cosmochemistry is a rapidly evolving field of planetary science and the second edition of this classic text reflects the exciting discoveries made over the past decade from new spacecraft missions. Topics covered include the synthesis of elements in stars, behaviour of elements and isotopes in the early solar nebula and planetary bodies, and compositions of extra-terrestrial materials. Radioisotope chronology of the early Solar System is also discussed, as well as geochemical exploration of planets by spacecraft, and cosmochemical constraints on the formation of solar systems. Thoroughly updated throughout, this new edition features significantly expanded coverage of chemical fractionation and isotopic analyses; focus boxes covering basic definitions and essential background material on mineralogy, organic chemistry and quantitative topics; and a comprehensive glossary. An appendix of analytical techniques and end-of-chapter review questions, with solutions available at www.cambridge.org/cosmochemistry2e, also contribute to making this the ideal teaching resource for courses on the Solar System's composition as well as a valuable reference for early career researchers.

Emerald-green hiddenite, a gem so valuable that it is said "a June bug can carry away $1,000 worth," is only found in one area of North America: Alexander County, North Carolina. Now known as the village of Hiddenite, the area has continuously produced gems of great beauty since 1875, including the largest natural emerald and the largest faceted emerald in North America. The beauty of the area's free-standing minerals of emerald green beryl and spodumene, as well as amethyst, smoky quartz, calcite, and rutile have attracted collectors, adventurers, and miners since their discovery. The search for emeralds and other gemstones over more than 100 years has generated true drama: controversies about mineral names, who discovered what, tragic fatal accidents, and physical strife between individuals. This book reveals the whole story. Alongside the fascinating history of the area, it includes detailed information about the geology of the region, and will be of interest to the historian, mineral enthusiast, and the curious reader alike.

This book gathers selected papers from the 8th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2018) and addresses a broad range of topics, including: Reservoir Surveillance and Management, Reservoir Evaluation and Dynamic Description, Reservoir Production Stimulation and EOR, Ultra-Tight Reservoirs, Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Technology, Oil and Gas Well Production Testing, and Geomechanics. In brief, the papers introduce readers to upstream technologies used in oil & gas development, the main principles of the process, and various related design technologies. The conference not only provided a platform to exchange experiences, but also promoted the advancement of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The book is chiefly intended for industry experts, professors, researchers, senior engineers, and enterprise managers.

Widely used in adsorption, catalysis and ion exchange, the family of molecular sieves such as zeolites has been greatly extended and many advances have recently been achieved in the field of molecular sieves synthesis and related porous materials. Chemistry of Zeolites and Related Porous Materials focuses on the synthetic and structural chemistry of the major types of molecular sieves. It offers a systematic introduction to and an in-depth discussion of microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous materials and also includes metal-organic frameworks.* Provides focused coverage of the key aspects of molecular sieves* Features two frontier subjects: molecular engineering and host-guest advanced materials* Comprehensively covers both theory and application with particular emphasis on industrial uses This book is essential reading for researches in the chemical and materials industries and research institutions. The book is also indispensable for researches and engineers in R&D (for catalysis) divisions of companies in petroleum refining and the petrochemical and fine chemical industries.

The exploitation of the mining and trade of "conflict minerals"ain particular, tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold from the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)ahas contributed to the displacement of people and severe human rights abuses. The 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) addresses, among other things, trade in conflict minerals. This book looks at the progress made since the Dodd-Frank Act went into effect.

Der deutsche Mineraloge Alfred Eppler (1867 - 1923) verfasste dieses Werk uber Schmuck- und Edelsteine im Auftrag des deutschen Werkbundes als gewerbliche Materialkunde. Als Ergebnis liegt nun ein ausfuhrliches Buch vor, welches die Eigenschaften und Erkennungsmerkmale (Kristallformen, Spaltbarkeit, Harte, spezifisches Gewicht) beschreibt. Eppler geht umfangreich auf Falschungen und Imitationen ein. Er erlautert verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden, beschreibt die verschiedenen Arten der Schmuck- und Edelsteine, die Lagerstatten und Gewinnung sowie den Handel mit Rohsteinen und die Schmuckindustrie. Im Anhang findet der Leser farbige Abbildungen der verschiedenen Arten von Schmuck- und Edelsteinen. Der Autor hat einen auch fur interessierte Laien gut lesbaren Schriftstil verwendet.

La croissance demographique de Ouagadougou entraine des problemes d'alimentation en Eau en quantite et surtout en qualite. Cette etude permet de faire l'etat de la ressource en eau souterraine et de sa vulnerabilite. Ouagadougou est batie sur des formations de socle cristallin du paleo proterozoique, recoupees par de grandes fractures orientees Nord-sud et Est-ouest. On a trois niveaux plus ou moins aquiferes mais generalement deux nappes et les fractures constituent les voies privilegiees d'arrivee de polluants. Les outils hydrogeochimiques ont permis de comprendre la complexite des aquiferes, leur fonctionnement et d'identifier la pollution au niveau des eaux des puits dont la conductivite augmente avec l'alcalinite avec la mineralisation de la matiere organique. Une cartographie des nitrates sur 1800 puits met en evidence trois grandes zones avec des teneurs excessives jusqu'a 150 mg/l.La degradation de la qualite des eaux s'accompagne de la presence de bacteries.La cartographie de la vulnerabilite de la nappe inferieure montre deux zones tres vulnerables sur lesquelles une grande attention doit etre portee a l'occupation des sols et l'assainissement.

Dans les acieries, la conversion de la fonte en acier est une operation qui genere des quantites tres importantes de residus: les laitiers d'acierie de conversion (LAC), qui sont en partie valorises en tant que granulats en genie civil. Cette these vise a quantifier et a expliquer le comportement a la lixiviation des LAC, c'est-a-dire leur alteration et le relargage des metaux traces (Cr, V) qu'ils contiennent, par l'identification des mecanismes physico-chimiques qui regissent, au sein meme de la matrice solide, la mobilite et le transfert des elements. L'approche experimentale choisie est basee sur des tests de lixiviation (en laboratoire a l'aide du CTG-Leachcrete et en lysimetre a l'echelle semi-pilote) et des spectroscopies d'absorption et de fluorescence des rayons X. Les donnees issues de ces experiences ont permis d'initialiser un modele geochimique (a l'aide du code CHESS) reproduisant l'alteration des LAC. Ce modele vise a terme a predire le comportement a long terme des LAC dans un scenario de valorisation donne.

La plupart des peintures parietales prehistoriques sont rouges (hematite naturelle ou goethite chauffee) ou noirs (charbon ou oxyde de manganese). Ces pigments ont ete prepares par broyage, melange ou chauffage. Les analyses physico-chimiques permettent de determiner la nature du materiau, son mode de preparation et eventuellement sa provenance. Les diverses phases d'oxyde de manganese se distinguent par leur composition chimique, leur structure et le degre d'oxydation de l'ion Mn. La transformation structurale des oxydes lors d'un traitement thermique a ete suivie par MET. Plusieurs stigmates permettent de distinguer un oxyde naturel d'un oxyde obtenu par chauffage, comme des pores dans la bixbyite. L'analyse d'echantillons archeologiques provenant de France et d'Espagne a permis d'evaluer le niveau technique des Prehistoriques. La matiere picturale est constituee de pigment brut ou melange. Cependant aucun pigment noir chauffe n'a ete identifie dans les prelevements analyses.

La preparation de l'acide phosphorique a partir des apatites par attaque par l'acide sulfurique conduit a des acides phosphoriques de differentes concentrations contenant des impuretes qui etaient presentes soit dans le minerai de depart soit entrainees par les reactifs utilises dans le procede de preparation. Certaines, de ces impuretes, peuvent etre valorisees comme l'uranium, le vanadium et les terres rares; d'autres comme (arsenic, matieres organiques...), au contraire, sont genantes puisqu'elles degradent l'efficacite des equipements et la qualite du produit fini, donc, elles doivent etre eliminees .On parle notamment des matieres organiques.La presente etude s'inscrit dans ce cadre, et vise a explorer la flottation, comme un procede innovant, susceptible d'eliminer les matieres organiques contenues dans l'acide phosphorique-produit par voie humide-par barbotage de l'air en utilisant une cellule de flottation, et d'effectuer une etude hydrodynamique visant a determiner les differents parametres influencant sur le rendement de la cellule de flottation, et permettant d'obtenir un acide purifie qui repond aux exigences de certains clients .

Clays are increasingly becoming a major problem in the mining, extraction and value-adding processes for a wide range of commodity raw materials. Clays can impact negatively on virtually every unit process within the mining and minerals processing sector, having long-term environmental implications that go well beyond the lifetime of the mining operation. This book is the first to compile, explain and evaluate the effects of clays in the mineral processing value chain, from mining to minerals processing, and finally, tailings disposal. Focusing on topics from the chemistry and rheology of clays to their detection and dissolution behaviour, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the effects on processes such as settling, preg-robing, flotation and comminution. It is an excellent reference for professional mineralogists and geologists, industrial engineers, and researchers interested in clays and clay minerals.

Campbell's Atlas of Oil and Gas Depletion, Second Edition, is the product of a half-century of critical analysis and updating of data on the status of oil and gas depletion by country, region and the world as a whole. Separate analyses of conventional and non-conventional oil and gas, which are depleting at different rates and costs, show when these critical energy sources peak and decline. The Atlas also summarizes the history and political circumstances of each country to assess the impact on oil and gas production and reserves. It contrasts the First Half of the Oil Age, which saw the rapid expansion of the world economy, allowing the population to grow six-fold, with the Second Half, which will witness a general contraction as these easy, high-density energy supplies dwindle. The transition threatens to be a time of great economic, financial and political tensions. The Atlas, which has been compiled and updated by prominent geologist, former oil company executive, and oil analyst Colin Campbell since the 1960s, addresses the need for a reliable and comprehensive database on a subject essential to governments, industry, academia, and the population as a whole as we attempt to adapt to these critically changing circumstances.