It is now established that neuroglia are the intimate partners of neurons and that neuronal function is a result of neuron-glia interrelations at several levels of organization. The literature shows that the study of phylogeny has contributed a deeper understand- ing of the complex functions of the neuroglia and the neuron-glia unit. It is the purpose of Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylog- eny: I. Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells, as well as its compan- ion volume Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: II. Plasticity and Regeneration, to present to the scientific community a broad spectrum of information on neuroglia through phylog- eny and ontogeny, the focus of this volume. In view of the role of neuroglia in plasticity and regeneration, the companion volume will cover this aspect of neuroglia during phylogeny. Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: I. Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells begins with the elegant chapter "Glial Types, Gliogenesis, and Extracellular Matrix in Mammalian CNS" by Amico Bignami, to whom this volume is dedicated. He was one of the pioneers in describing gliogenesis and this chapter brings together everything we know today on this critical topic. It also includes the latest views of Bignami on the role of extracellular matrix in gliogenesis and glial functions. "Evolution of Astrocytes in the Vertebrate CNS" by Suarez et al. complements and extends the information in Bignami's chapter by including ependymal astrocytes.

This book presents a supportive and practical guide for healthcare professionals ​and trainees in a way that considers a wide spectrum of atypical communication conditions, their impact on everyday healthcare interactions, and the social and cultural contexts in which interactions with atypical communicators take place. A growing number of patients have been reporting atypical capacity for communication, creating unique challenges for healthcare professionals and patients in forming meaningful clinical interactions. In this book, leading international scholars from a range of healthcare professions provide insight into optimal management for those with atypical communication conditions. This includes speech, language, and hearing impairments. Chapters provide optimal management strategies, case examples, clinical recommendations, and recommended resources relevant for a range of healthcare professionals. The first collection of its kind, this book supports inter-professional practices and serves as a useful guide for those with an interest in clinical communication, and communication and diversity. This book will be a valuable resource for health and mental healthcare professionals as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students in healthcare and allied healthcare courses. It can be included as recommended reading material in clinical communication curricula.

This book provides critical reviews of the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington s syndrome, cognitive function, psychiatric disorders such as clinical depression, Rett syndrome, motoneurone disease, spinal cord injury, pain, metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. It also contains contributions from leaders in the field dealing with the basic biology, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the neurotrophins and their receptors. The present book will review all recent areas of progress in the study of neurotrophins and their biological roles."

Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghii and Ray G. Hill Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK There remains a distinct medical need for new pain therapies. Therefore, it is not surprising that in recent years there has been a major research initiative in both aca- demic and pharmaceutical laboratories to identify novel pain targets and to devel- op novel analgesic drugs. It is clear from numerous studies that the NMDA recep- tor plays a major role in the transmission ofnociceptive information and it has been a subject of extensive investigation over the last decade exploiting the advances of molecular pharmacology and molecular neuroanatomy. As a consequence there has been a rational approach by several laboratories to develop receptor subtype-spe- cific NMDA antagonists in order to avoid the wide range of side-effects seen with non-selective NMDA ion channel antagonists such as ketamine. This volume brings together contributions from experts in various technological disciplines who have contributed immensely to NMDA receptor research and advanced our understanding of the subunit composition of the NMDA receptor complex, its pharmacology and distribution, its interaction with other neurochemi- cal systems and the effects on behaviour of NMDA antagonists in rodent models and in the clinic. In consideration of these advances and the prospects of novel NMDA receptor antagonists in the near future for the treatment of pain, this vol- ume is very timely.

This volume contains up-to-date contributions written by leading experts in the role played by various microorganisms in psychiatric and neurological illness. The initial chapters present an evolutionary framework for the impact of microorganisms on behavior. This is followed by historical and epidemiological perspectives of the role of viruses in psychiatric illness. Subsequent chapters focus on different classes of microorganisms and psychiatric illnesses and emphasize diverse research approaches ranging from preclinical models to therapeutic interventions.

A #1 New York Times bestseller--the devastating truth about the effects of wheat, sugar, and carbs on the brain, with a 4-week plan to achieve optimum health.
Renowned neurologist David Perlmutter, MD, blows the lid off a topic that's been buried in medical literature for far too long: carbs are destroying your brain. And not just unhealthy carbs, but even healthy ones like whole grains can cause dementia, ADHD, anxiety, chronic headaches, depression, and much more. Dr. Perlmutter explains what happens when the brain encounters common ingredients in your daily bread and fruit bowls, why your brain thrives on fat and cholesterol, and how you can spur the growth of new brain cells at any age. He offers an in-depth look at how we can take control of our "smart genes" through specific dietary choices and lifestyle habits, demonstrating how to remedy our most feared maladies "without drugs." With a revolutionary 4-week plan, GRAIN BRAIN teaches us how we can reprogram our genetic destiny for the better. GRAIN BRAIN is a #1 New York Times bestseller and a finalist for a 2013 Books for a Better Life award.

This book examines the diagnostic overlap and frequent confusion between the newly named DSM-5 diagnostic categories of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trauma and stressor related disorders (TSRDs). These conditions are similar in that a) children with developmental disorders are particularly vulnerable to traumatic events and b) all have pervasive effects on the brain and development. Chapters provide a wealth of effective clinical, family, and school-based interventions, developed from established studies and important new findings. In addition, chapters use illustrative case studies to survey assessment challenges in today's healthcare climate and consider alternative routes for improving correct diagnoses, identifying appropriate interventions, and referring proper targeted, evidence-based treatment and services. The book concludes with the editors' recommendations for needs-based service access, including a more widespread use and acceptance of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Topics featured in this book include: The neurobiological contributors to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and its diagnosis in children with a history of trauma. Interventions for trauma and stressor-related disorders in preschool-aged children. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and care in a cultural context. Special population consideration in ASD identification and treatment. Challenges associated with the transition to adulthood. Trauma and neurodevelopmental disorders from a public health perspective. Trauma, Autism, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, public health, social work, pediatrics, and special education.

1) Classic anatomical atlases 2) Detailed labeling of the earliest phases of prenatal neurological development 3) Appeals to neuroanatomists, developmental biologists and clinical practitioners. 4) Persistent relevance - brain development is not going to change

Tbis volume discusses and evaluates the use of neurotoxins to produce animal models of human neurodegenerative diseases. Tbe models presented use neuro toxins to induce some or most of the pathophysiological changes (including behavioral) that characterize the most studied motor neuron disorders and cogni tive disorders (dementia) in humans. Within the biomedical research community, there is little doubt about the utility of such models. But with increasing frequen cy, individuals concemed with animal rights question the validity of such models and argue that they actually produce no useful information for understanding or developing treatments for human disorders. Each of the chapters will address this issue, considering the utility, validity, generalizability, and limitations of the models presented. Chapter 1 begins with a brief review of the ethics of animal use in neuro biological research, inc1uding a discussion of the criteria that may be used to evaluate animal models of human disease and extrapolate from the model to appropriate questions regarding humans. The limitations of such extrapolation are also discussed, with special consideration of issues specific to the use of neurotoxins. Chapter 2 extends this theme with further consideration of issues and strategies involved in developing neurotoxin-induced models of neuro degenerative disorders and assessing risk factors associated with neurotoxin ex posure. It then narrows to evaluate the use of a model systems approach to explore neurotoxin-induced leaming and memory deficits in animals as related to humans with dementia."

Encephalitis is a devastating condition whose impact upon people should not be underestimated. It robs people of abilities most of us take for granted, it leaves people without their loved ones, and even in those families where the person affected survives the person they once knew can be dramatically changed. Life After Encephalitis provides a unique insight into the experiences of those affected by encephalitis, sharing the rich, perceptive, and often powerful, narratives of survivors and family members. It shows how listening to patient and family narratives can help us to understand how they make sense of what has happened to them, and also help professionals better understand and engage with them in practice. The book will also be useful for considering narratives associated with brain injuries from other causes, for example traumatic brain injury. Life After Encephalitis will appeal to a wide range of professionals working in rehabilitation settings, and also to and survivors of encephalitis, their families, and carers.

This unique volume draws together a variety of essays in the field of contemporary combat psychiatry. Contributions are included from specialists in Britain, Canada, Egypt, France, Israel, Nigeria, the United States, and West Germany. The authors represent a variety of disciplines--including psychiatry, psychology, neurobiology, history, and Soviet studies.

The Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders is a comprehensive reference work on movement disorders, encompassing a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and pharmacology. This compilation will feature more than 300 focused entries, including sections on different disease states, pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, as well as discussions on relevant basic science topics. This Encyclopedia is an essential addition to any collection, written to be accessible for both the clinical and non-clinical reader. Academic clinicians, translational researchers and basic scientists are brought together to connect experimental findings made in the laboratory to the clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of movement disorders. The Encyclopedia targets a broad readership, ranging from students to general physicians, basic scientists and Movement Disorder specialists. Published both in print and via Elsevier s online platform of Science Direct, this Encyclopedia will have the enhanced option of integrating traditional print with online multimedia.
Connects experimental findings made in the laboratory to the clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment of movement disorders

Encompasses a wide variety of topics in neurology neurosurgery, psychiatry, and pharmacology

Written for a broad readership ranging from students to general physicians, basic scientists, and movement disorder specialists "

WHAT IF A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP WAS ALL YOU NEEDED TO TRANSFORM YOUR LIFE BEYOND YOUR WILDEST DREAMS? SLEEP TO HEAL IS HERE TO HEAL AND INSPIRE.Are you tired of waking up tired? You are not alone. We may have become super-productive in our fast-paced, always-connected, 24/7  society, but in exchange we lost something precious: our harmonious connection to sleep, a natural biological function integral to our overall health, wellness, and well-being. The new and unraveling science of sleep tells us that sleep impacts everything from anxiety and creativity to productivity and longevity. We also now know it’s an essential pillar of health—perhaps even more important than nutrition and exercise.  Dr. Abhinav Singh is a physician with a keen interest in preventive medicine, and he firmly believes that better sleep equals better health. No matter your age, this book will help you revolutionize your patterns on a daily basis and support you on a renewed journey toward better sleep, better health, and ultimately a better life—not just for tonight but for a lifetime. No matter your goal—better sleep, losing weight, or simply feeling more patient around loved ones—it is never too late for a sleep reboot. Based on scientific research and 15 years of clinical experience from a double board-certified sleep physician who has taught the art of sleep to more than 7,000 patients, SLEEP TO HEAL will forever reshape the way you think about sleep, and give you the strategies and tools you need to transform your life from the inside out—one peaceful night at a time. REFRESH, RESTORE, AND REVITALIZE YOUR LIFE TODAY!

One of the most fascinating problems in Behavioural Neurology is the question of the cerebral organization for language during childhood. Acquired aphasia in children, albeit rare, is a unique circumstance in which to study the relations between language and the brain during cerebral maturation. Its study further contributes to our understanding of the recovery processes and brain plasticity during childhood. But while there is a great amount of information and experimental work on brain-behaviour relationships in adult subjects, the literature about the effects of focal brain lesions in children is both exiguous and scattered throughout scientific journals and books. We felt it was time to organize a meeting where scientists in this field could compare their experiences and discuss ideas coming from different areas of research. A workshop on Acquired Aphasia in Children was held in Sintra, Portugal, on September 13-15, 1990, and attended by 44 participants from 13 differents countries. The atmosphere was relaxed and informal and the group was kept small to achieve this effect. It was a very lively and pleasant meeting. Some consensus was indeed arrived at concerning methodological problems, definition of terms, and guidelines for future research. The main contributions are collected in this book which, we hope, will serve the scientific community as a reference work on Childhood Aphasia. I, P.M., AC.C

This book provides neurologists with a basic knowledge of psychiatric medications. It begins with general principles of psychopharmacology and the frequency of psychiatric illness in neurology patients. It goes on to cover psychoactive drugs in the elderly and treating behavioral symptoms of dementia. There is a special emphasis on drug-drug and drug-diet interactions that may be seen in clinical practice. Neurologists, residents, neuropsychiatrists, neuropsychologists and psychiatrists in training will find this practical guide invaluable in numerous clinical settings.

Rapid advances in our understanding of basic cell biological processes and of the molecular mechanisms of cell function and dysfunction have led to an increasing interest in utilizing these approaches in neurobiological research. Efforts in the most rapidly advancing areas are multidisciplinary and the o- come of contributions from many investigators employing a variety of te- niques to address a specific problem. Although a strong basis in fundamental neurobiological concepts is essential for each researcher, the ability to apply new techniques and approaches to the examinination of both cellular and molecular processes requires knowledge of a wide variety of methodologies. The objective of Neurodegeneration Methods and Protocols is to develop an understanding, appreciation, and technical ability in various cellular and molecular techniques for studying many aspects of nervous system cell bi- ogy. The protocols in this volume span a multidisciplinary range of cellular and molecular approaches, and should allow investigators to address research questions directed toward understanding nervous system function, injury, degeneration, and the repair/regenerative process.

Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatments are available today for the victims of acute brain and spinal cord injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries, Second Edition, provides a standardized methodology manual designed to eliminate the inconsistent preparations and variability that often inhibit advances in this specialized research field. In the 10 years since publication of the first edition of this book, some animal models have become obsolete, some have stood the test of time, and newer models have emerged to enhance our knowledge of acute neurological injuries. The second edition continues to offer the research community tested approaches for this area of investigation. As with the first edition, top experts have developed and contributed these animal models. The book's focus remains hands-on, practical applications of the models, rather than a theoretical approach. Each chapter contains a proven procedure enhanced by clear figures, illustrations, or videos. This new edition presents its readily reproducible protocols with clarity and consistency to best aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists. As with the first edition, the second edition is comprehensive and cutting-edge. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries, Second Edition, is an ideal guide for research professionals, at all stages of their careers, who wish to pursue this vital course of study with the proficiency and precision required by the field.

Worried about memory loss and dementia risk? This new book will show you easy-to-follow steps to keep your brain healthy. Emily Clionsky, MD, and Mitchell Clionsky, PhD, are a physician and neuropsychologist couple who have cared for their own parents with dementia, created a test used by doctors to measure cognitive function, and treated more than 25,000 patients with cognitive impairment. In Dementia Prevention, they combine the most current scientific findings about Alzheimer's disease and other dementias with their experience to present a practical guide that empowers you to improve your brain's future. This book skips the fads, the unsupported claims of advertised products, and fringe theories. Instead, the authors guide you through a science-based tour of dementia, including how your brain works and how its function is affected by everything from blood circulation and blood pressure to sugar levels, medications, vision, and hearing. You will learn how your activity level, weight, habits, mental outlook, and social engagement may affect your likelihood of developing dementia. Dementia Prevention provides a dementia risk checklist to better understand your personal risk profile to help you on your journey. The authors' training and experience as behavioral scientists will help you set better goals, identify roadblocks to success, and overcome these obstacles. Forgetfulness and confusion are not an inevitable part of growing older—you can make changes to keep your brain working well into your 70s and beyond. From how you breathe while you sleep to what you do socially and physically every day, Dementia Prevention will give you practical—and sometimes surprising—methods for you to protect your brain.

The central focus of this book is the development of skilled motor actions by children; commonplace but vital actions such as maintaining posture, walking, reaching and grasping, and manipulating objects and tools. It represents a state-of-the art report on motor development linking neurophysiological and neuropsychological approaches. Using examples from both normal and pathological development, contributions study pre and postnatal brain development and its relationship to movement, the importance of fetal movements, postural control in children, the neurobiology of locomotor development, neural mechanisms of grasping and typical patterns of behavioural change. New theoretical developments including adaptive model theory, dynamic systems theory, and the relationship between variability and stability in skill development are also critically reviewed.

The essential puzzle of consciousness is how the electro-chemical activity constantly occurring in the brain translates into the conscious experience we enjoy. In this highly praised study, Errol Harris considers the attempts made by several important neuro-scientists and philosophers to address the question, and makes his own suggestions as to how it might be approached with the best prospect of intelligibility.

The present volume aims at presenting a selection of new methods and techniques that may have value for clinical neuropsychology. There is an increasing interest among clinical neuropsychologists regarding new developments in cognitive neuroscience and experimental psychology. This book presents an updated view of recent methodological developments in experimental psychology and clinical neuroscience.

* easy to understand yet gives all the necessary knowledge to a beginner. * illustrated with over 100 example EEGs * includes Normal EEGs * demonstrates the clinical applications of EEGs in Epilepsies and other Brain Disorders

This volume discusses the latest analytical approaches used to sample defined molecular populations of metabolites via functional group derivatization, specialized chromatographic methods, and ionization techniques. Chapters cover key methods for sample introductions to the ion source, including direct flow, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. Chapters also explore non-targeted and targeted analyses, as well as the emerging field of metallomics. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Metabolomics is a valuable resource for students, researchers, practicing physicians and veterinarians, and administrators involved in the funding of research.

This volume is focused on subjects related to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries after acute stroke. All chapters are selected from the Sixth Elite Stroke meeting named Pangu Stroke Conference and written by members of world leading laboratories of stroke studies. The contents cover both clinical and bench studies, from basic components of cerebral arterial system to clinical reperfusion injury cases, from reperfusion caused programmed cell death and astrocyte activation to oxidative stress and nitric oxide after reperfusion, from extracellular matrix and inflammation to a role of diabetes after reperfusion, from small artery disorders to collateral circulation and blood pressure control after reperfusion. Wei-Jian Jiang, Chairman of New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute of PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China. Wengui Yu, Professor and Director of Comprehensive Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center, University of California, Irvine Yan Qu, Professor and Director of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China. Zhongsong Shi, Professor of Neurosurgery at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Ben-yan Luo, Professor and Chair of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. John H. Zhang, Professor of Anesthesiology and Physiology at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.