The author had initiated a revision and translation of "Classical Diophantine Equations" prior to his death. Given the rapid advances in transcendence theory and diophantine approximation over recent years, one might fear that the present work, originally published in Russian in 1982, is mostly superseded. That is not so. A certain amount of updating had been prepared by the author himself before his untimely death. Some further revision was prepared by close colleagues. The first seven chapters provide a detailed, virtually exhaustive, discussion of the theory of lower bounds for linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers and its applications to obtaining upper bounds for solutions to the eponymous classical diophantine equations. The detail may seem stark--- the author fears that the reader may react much as does the tourist on first seeing the centre Pompidou; notwithstanding that, Sprind zuk maintainsa pleasant and chatty approach, full of wise and interesting remarks. His emphases well warrant, now that the book appears in English, close studyand emulation. In particular those emphases allow him to devote the eighth chapter to an analysis of the interrelationship of the class number of algebraic number fields involved and the bounds on the heights of thesolutions of the diophantine equations. Those ideas warrant further development. The final chapter deals with effective aspects of the Hilbert Irreducibility Theorem, harkening back to earlier work of the author. There is no other congenial entry point to the ideas of the last two chapters in the literature.

The theory of explicit formulas for regularized products and series forms a natural continuation of the analytic theory developed in LNM 1564. These explicit formulas can be used to describe the quantitative behavior of various objects in analytic number theory and spectral theory. The present book deals with other applications arising from Gaussian test functions, leading to theta inversion formulas and corresponding new types of zeta functions which are Gaussian transforms of theta series rather than Mellin transforms, and satisfy additive functional equations. Their wide range of applications includes the spectral theory of a broad class of manifolds and also the theory of zeta functions in number theory and representation theory. Here the hyperbolic 3-manifolds are given as a significant example.

The aim of this book is to show that Shimura varieties provide a tool to construct certain interesting objects in arithmetic algebraic geometry. These objects are the so-called mixed motives: these are of great arithmetic interest. They can be viewed as quasiprojective algebraic varieties over Q which have some controlled ramification and where we know what we have to add at infinity to compactify them. The existence of certain of these mixed motives is related to zeroes of L-functions attached to certain pure motives. This is the content of the Beilinson-Deligne conjectures which are explained in some detail in the first chapter of the book. The rest of the book is devoted to the description of the general principles of construction (Chapter II) and the discussion of several examples in Chapter II-IV. In an appendix we explain how the (topological) trace formula can be used to get some understanding of the problems discussed in the book. Only some of this material is really proved: the book also contains speculative considerations, which give some hints as to how the problems could be tackled. Hence the book should be viewed as the outline of a programme and it offers some interesting problems which are of importance and can be pursued by the reader. In the widest sense the subject of the paper is number theory and belongs to what is called arithmetic algebraic geometry. Thus the reader should be familiar with some algebraic geometry, number theory, the theory of Liegroups and their arithmetic subgroups. Some problems mentioned require only part of this background knowledge.

This volume is the proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes (AAECC 10), held in Puerto Rico, May 1993. The aim of the AAECC meetings is to attract high-level research papers and to encourage cross-fertilization among different areas which share the use of algebraic methods and techniques for applications in the sciences of computing, communications, and engineering. The AAECC symposia are mainly devoted to research in coding theory and computer algebra. The theoryof error-correcting codes deals with the transmission of information in the presence of noise. Coding is the systematic use of redundancy in theformation of the messages to be sent so as to enable the recovery of the information present originally after it has been corrupted by (not too much)noise. Computer algebra is devoted to the investigation of algorithms, computational methods, software systems and computer languages, oriented to scientific computations performed on exact and often symbolic data, by manipulating formal expressions by means of the algebraic rules they satisfy. Questions of complexity and cryptography are naturally linked with both coding theory and computer algebra and represent an important share of the area covered by AAECC.

The structure theory of abelian extensions of commutative rings is a subjectwhere commutative algebra and algebraic number theory overlap. This exposition is aimed at readers with some background in either of these two fields. Emphasis is given to the notion of a normal basis, which allows one to view in a well-known conjecture in number theory (Leopoldt's conjecture) from a new angle. Methods to construct certain extensions quite explicitly are also described at length.

The number field sieve is an algorithm for finding the prime factors of large integers. It depends on algebraic number theory. Proposed by John Pollard in 1988, the method was used in 1990 to factor the ninth Fermat number, a 155-digit integer. The algorithm is most suited to numbers of a special form, but there is a promising variant that applies in general. This volume contains six research papers that describe the operation of the number field sieve, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Pollard's original manuscript is included. In addition, there is an annotated bibliography of directly related literature.

From Gauss to G-del, mathematicians have sought an efficient algorithm to distinguish prime numbers from composite numbers. This book presents a random polynomial time algorithm for the problem. The methods used are from arithmetic algebraic geometry, algebraic number theory and analyticnumber theory. In particular, the theory of two dimensional Abelian varieties over finite fields is developed. The book will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students in number theory and theoretical computer science.

Ideal for a first course in number theory, this lively, engaging text requires only a familiarity with elementary algebra and the properties of real numbers. Author Underwood Dudley, who has written a series of popular mathematics books, maintains that the best way to learn mathematics is by solving problems. In keeping with this philosophy, the text includes nearly 1,000 exercises and problems--some computational and some classical, many original, and some with complete solutions.
The opening chapters offer sound explanations of the basics of elementary number theory and develop the fundamental properties of integers and congruences. Subsequent chapters present proofs of Fermat's and Wilson's theorems, introduce number theoretic functions, and explore the quadratic reciprocity theorem. Three independent sections follow, with examinations of the representation of numbers, diophantine equations, and primes. The text concludes with 260 additional problems, three helpful appendixes, and answers to selected exercises and problems.

This book systematically develops the theory of continuous representations on p-adic Banach spaces. Its purpose is to lay the foundations of the representation theory of reductive p-adic groups on p-adic Banach spaces, explain the duality theory of Schneider and Teitelbaum, and demonstrate its applications to continuous principal series. Written to be accessible to graduate students, the book gives a comprehensive introduction to the necessary tools, including Iwasawa algebras, p-adic measures and distributions, p-adic functional analysis, reductive groups, and smooth and algebraic representations. Part 1 culminates with the duality between Banach space representations and Iwasawa modules. This duality is applied in Part 2 for studying the intertwining operators and reducibility of the continuous principal series on p-adic Banach spaces. This monograph is intended to serve both as a reference book and as an introductory text for graduate students and researchers entering the area.

The 1995 work of Wiles and Taylor-Wiles opened up a whole new technique in algebraic number theory and, a decade on, the waves caused by this incredibly important work are still being felt. This book, authored by a leading researcher, describes the striking applications that have been found for this technique. In the book, the deformation theoretic techniques of Wiles-Taylor are first generalized to Hilbert modular forms (following Fujiwara's treatment), and some applications found by the author are then discussed. With many exercises and open questions given, this text is ideal for researchers and graduate students entering this research area.

The Symposium on the Current State and Prospects of Mathematics was held in Barcelona from June 13 to June 18, 1991. Seven invited Fields medalists gavetalks on the development of their respective research fields. The contents of all lectures were collected in the volume, together witha transcription of a round table discussion held during the Symposium. All papers are expository. Some parts include precise technical statements of recent results, but the greater part consists of narrative text addressed to a very broad mathematical public. CONTENTS: R. Thom: Leaving Mathematics for Philosophy.- S. Novikov: Role of Integrable Models in the Development of Mathematics.- S.-T. Yau: The Current State and Prospects of Geometry and Nonlinear Differential Equations.- A. Connes: Noncommutative Geometry.- S. Smale: Theory of Computation.- V. Jones: Knots in Mathematics and Physics.- G. Faltings: Recent Progress in Diophantine Geometry.

Number theory as studied by the logician is the subject matter of the book. This first volume can stand on its own as a somewhat unorthodox introduction to mathematical logic for undergraduates, dealing with the usual introductory material: recursion theory, first-order logic, completeness, incompleteness, and undecidability. In addition, its second chapter contains the most complete logical discussion of Diophantine Decision Problems available anywhere, taking the reader right up to the frontiers of research (yet remaining accessible to the undergraduate). The first and third chapters also offer greater depth and breadth in logico-arithmetical matters than can be found in existing logic texts. Each chapter contains numerous exercises, historical and other comments aimed at developing the student's perspective on the subject, and a partially annotated bibliography.

This research monograph reports on recent work on the theory of singular Siegel modular forms of arbitrary level. Singular modular forms are represented as linear combinations of theta series. The reader is assumed toknow only the basic theory of Siegel modular forms.

The International Conference on p-adic Analysis is usually held every 3-4 years with the purpose of exchanging information at research level on new trends in the subject and of reporting on progress in central problems. This particular conference, held in Trento, Italy in May 1989, was dedicated to the memory of Philippe Robba, his important contributions to p-adic analysis and especially to the theory of p-adic differential equations. The conference was characterized by the discussion of numerous algebraic geometries. Rigid cohomology, D-modules and the action of Frobenius on the cohomology of curves and abelian varieties were the central themes of several contributions. A number of talks were devoted to exponential sums, a theme connecting p-adic analysis, algebraic geometry and number theory. Other themes were p-adic moduli spaces, non-Archimedean functional analysis, Barsotti-Tate groups and Drinfeld modules.

This book based on lectures given by James Arthur discusses the trace formula of Selberg and Arthur. The emphasis is laid on Arthur's trace formula for GL(r), with several examples in order to illustrate the basic concepts. The book will be useful and stimulating reading for graduate students in automorphic forms, analytic number theory, and non-commutative harmonic analysis, as well as researchers in these fields. Contents: I. Number Theory and Automorphic Representations.1.1. Some problems in classical number theory, 1.2. Modular forms and automorphic representations; II. Selberg's Trace Formula 2.1. Historical Remarks, 2.2. Orbital integrals and Selberg's trace formula, 2.3.Three examples, 2.4. A necessary condition, 2.5. Generalizations and applications; III. Kernel Functions and the Convergence Theorem, 3.1. Preliminaries on GL(r), 3.2. Combinatorics and reduction theory, 3.3. The convergence theorem; IV. The Ad lic Theory, 4.1. Basic facts; V. The Geometric Theory, 5.1. The JTO(f) and JT(f) distributions, 5.2. A geometric I-function, 5.3. The weight functions; VI. The Geometric Expansionof the Trace Formula, 6.1. Weighted orbital integrals, 6.2. The unipotent distribution; VII. The Spectral Theory, 7.1. A review of the Eisenstein series, 7.2. Cusp forms, truncation, the trace formula; VIII.The Invariant Trace Formula and its Applications, 8.1. The invariant trace formula for GL(r), 8.2. Applications and remarks

Cohomology of arithmetic groups serves as a tool in studying possible relations between the theory of automorphic forms and the arithmetic of algebraic varieties resp. the geometry of locally symmetric spaces. These proceedings will serve as a guide to this still rapidly developing area of mathematics. Besides two survey articles, the contributions are original research papers.

The relations that could or should exist between algebraic cycles, algebraic K-theory, and the cohomology of - possibly singular - varieties, are the topic of investigation of this book. The author proceeds in an axiomatic way, combining the concepts of twisted PoincarA(c) duality theories, weights, and tensor categories. One thus arrives at generalizations to arbitrary varieties of the Hodge and Tate conjectures to explicit conjectures on l-adic Chern characters for global fields and to certain counterexamples for more general fields. It is to be hoped that these relations ions will in due course be explained by a suitable tensor category of mixed motives. An approximation to this is constructed in the setting of absolute Hodge cycles, by extending this theory to arbitrary varieties. The book can serve both as a guide for the researcher, and as an introduction to these ideas for the non-expert, provided (s)he knows or is willing to learn about K-theory and the standard cohomology theories of algebraic varieties.

These proceedings include selected and refereed original papers; most are research papers, a few are comprehensive survey articles.

The New York Number Theory Seminar was organized in 1982 to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of recent advances in higher arithmetic and its applications. Papers included in this volume are based on the lectures presented by their authors at the Seminar at the Graduate Center of C.U.N.Y. in 1985-88. Papers in the volume cover a wide spectrum of number theoretic topics ranging from additive number theory and diophantine approximations to algebraic number theory and relations with algebraic geometry and topology.

Capacity is a measure of size for sets, with diverse applications in potential theory, probability and number theory. This book lays foundations for a theory of capacity for adelic sets on algebraic curves. Its main result is an arithmetic one, a generalization of a theorem of Fekete and SzegA which gives a sharp existence/finiteness criterion for algebraic points whose conjugates lie near a specified set on a curve. The book brings out a deep connection between the classical Green's functions of analysis and NA(c)ron's local height pairings; it also points to an interpretation of capacity as a kind of intersection index in the framework of Arakelov Theory. It is a research monograph and will primarily be of interest to number theorists and algebraic geometers; because of applications of the theory, it may also be of interest to logicians. The theory presented generalizes one due to David Cantor for the projective line. As with most adelic theories, it has a local and a global part. Let /K be a smooth, complete curve over a global field; let Kv denote the algebraic closure of any completion of K. The book first develops capacity theory over local fields, defining analogues of the classical logarithmic capacity and Green's functions for sets in (Kv). It then develops a global theory, defining the capacity of a galois-stable set in (Kv) relative to an effictive global algebraic divisor. The main technical result is the construction of global algebraic functions whose logarithms closely approximate Green's functions at all places of K. These functions are used in proving the generalized Fekete-SzegA theorem; because of their mapping properties, they may be expected to have otherapplications as well.

The problem of uniform distribution of sequences initiated by Hardy, Little wood and Weyl in the 1910's has now become an important part of number theory. This is also true, in relation to combinatorics, of what is called Ramsey theory, a theory of about the same age going back to Schur. Both concern the distribution of sequences of elements in certain collection of subsets. But it was not known until quite recently that the two are closely interweaving bear ing fruits for both. At the same time other fields of mathematics, such as ergodic theory, geometry, information theory, algorithm theory etc. have also joined in. (See the survey articles: V. T. S6s: Irregularities of partitions, Lec ture Notes Series 82, London Math. Soc. , Surveys in Combinatorics, 1983, or J. Beck: Irregularities of distributions and combinatorics, Lecture Notes Series 103, London Math. Soc. , Surveys in Combinatorics, 1985. ) The meeting held at Fertod, Hungary from the 7th to 11th of July, 1986 was to emphasize this development by bringing together a few people working on different aspects of this circle of problems. Although combinatorics formed the biggest contingent (see papers 2, 3, 6, 7, 13) some number theoretic and analytic aspects (see papers 4, 10, 11, 14) generalization of both (5, 8, 9, 12) as well as irregularities of distribution in the geometric theory of numbers (1), the most important instrument in bringing about the above combination of ideas are also represented.