The goal of this research monograph is to derive the analytic continuation and functional equation of the "L"-functions attached by R.P. Langlands to automorphic representations of reductive algebraic groups. The first part of the book (by Piatetski-Shapiro and Rallis) deals with "L"-functions for the simple classical groups; the second part (by Gelbart and Piatetski-Shapiro) deals with non-simple groups of the form "G GL(n)," with "G" a quasi-split reductive group of split rank "n." The method of proof is to construct certain explicit zeta-integrals of Rankin-Selberg type which interpolate the relevant Langlands "L"-functions and can be analyzed via the theory of Eisenstein series and intertwining operators. This is the first time such an approach has been applied to such general classes of groups. The flavor of the local theory is decidedly representation theoretic, and the work should be of interest to researchers in group representation theory as well as number theory.

Number theory is the branch of mathematics that is primarily concerned with the counting numbers. Of particular importance are the prime numbers, the 'building blocks' of our number system. The subject is an old one, dating back over two millennia to the ancient Greeks, and for many years has been studied for its intrinsic beauty and elegance, not least because several of its challenges are so easy to state that everyone can understand them, and yet no-one has ever been able to resolve them. But number theory has also recently become of great practical importance - in the area of cryptography, where the security of your credit card, and indeed of the nation's defence, depends on a result concerning prime numbers that dates back to the 18th century. Recent years have witnessed other spectacular developments, such as Andrew Wiles's proof of 'Fermat's last theorem' (unproved for over 250 years) and some exciting work on prime numbers. In this Very Short Introduction Robin Wilson introduces the main areas of classical number theory, both ancient and modern. Drawing on the work of many of the greatest mathematicians of the past, such as Euclid, Fermat, Euler, and Gauss, he situates some of the most interesting and creative problems in the area in their historical context. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

This is a volume of papers presented at the New York Number Theory Seminar. Since 1982, the Seminar has been meeting weekly during the academic year at the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York. This collection of papers covers a wide area of number theory, particularly modular functions, algebraic and diophantine geometry, and computational number theory.

This is Volume 3 of the Proceedings of the Interna- tional Summer School on "Modular functions of one variable and arithmetical applications" which took place at RUCA, Antwerp University, from July 17 to August 3, 1972. It contains papers by P.Cartier-[yen].Roy, B.Dwork, N.Katz, J-P.Serre and H.P.F.Swinnerton-Dyer on congruence proper- ties of modular forms, l-adic representations, p-adic modular forms and p-adic zeta functions. W.Kuyk J-P.Serre CONTENTS H.P.F. SWINNERTON-DYER On l-adic representations and congruences for coefficients 1 of modular forms B. DWORK The Up operator of Atkin on modular functions of level 2 57 with growth conditions N. KATZ p-adic properties of modular 69 schemes and modular forms J-P. SERRE Formes modulaires et fonctions 191 zeta p-adiques P. CARTIER-Y. ROY Certains calculs numeriques relatifs a l'interpolation 269 p-adique des series de Dirichlet Mailing addresses of authors 350 He~~n e.L. Siegel gewidmet ON l-ADIC REPRESENTATIONS AND CONGRUENCES FOR COEFFICIENTS OF MODULAR FORMS BY H.P.F. SWINNERTON-DYER International Summer School on Modular Functions Antwerp 1972 2 SwD-2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction. p.3 2. The possible images of Pl. p.l0 3. Modular forms mod l. p.1S 4. The exceptional primes. p.26 5. Congruences modulo powers of l. p.36 Appendix p.43 References p.ss 3 SwD-3 ON l-ADIC REPRESENTATIONS AND CONGRUENCES FOR COEFFICIENTS OF MODULAR FORMS * 1. Introduction.

A belian Varieties has been out of print for a while. Since it was written, the subject has made some great advances, and Mumford's book giving a scheme theoretic treatment has appeared (D. Mum- ford, Abelian Varieties, Tata Lecture Notes, Oxford University Press, London, 1970). However, some topics covered in my book were not covered in Mumford's; for instance, the construction of the Picard variety, the Albanese variety, some formulas concern- ing numerical questions, the reciprocity law for correspondences and its application to Kummer theory, Chow's theory for the K/k-trace and image, and others. Several people have told me they still found a number of sections of my book useful. There- fore I thank Springer-Verlag for the opportunity to keep the book in print. S. LANG v FOREWORD Pour des simplifications plus subs tan- tielles, Ie developpement futur de la geometrie algebrique ne saurait manquer sans do ute d' en faire apparaitre. It is with considerable pleasure that we have seen in recent years the simplifications expected by Weil realize themselves, and it has seemed timely to incorporate them into a new book. We treat exclusively abelian varieties, and do not pretend to write a treatise on algebraic groups. Hence we have summarized in a first chapter all the general results on algebraic groups that are used in the sequel. They are all foundational results.

The present book was conceived as an introduction for the user of universal algebra, rather than a handbook for the specialist, but when the first edition appeared in 1965, there were practically no other books entir ly devoted to the subject, whether introductory or specialized. Today the specialist in the field is well provided for, but there is still a demand for an introduction to the subject to suit the user, and this seemed to justify a reissue of the book. Naturally some changes have had to be made; in particular, I have corrected all errors that have been brought to my notice. Besides errors, some obscurities in the text have been removed and the references brought up to date. I should like to express my thanks to a number of correspondents for their help, in particular C. G. d'Ambly, W. Felscher, P. Goralcik, P. J. Higgins, H.-J. Hoehnke, J. R. Isbell, A. H. Kruse, E. J. Peake, D. Suter, J. S. Wilson. But lowe a special debt to G. M. Bergman, who has provided me with extensive comments. particularly on Chapter VII and the supplementary chapters. I have also con sulted reviews of the first edition, as well as the Italian and Russian translations."

When I began to write this book, I originally had in mind the needs of university students in their first year. May aim was to keep the mathematics simple. No advanced techniques are used and there are no complicated applications. The emphasis is on an understanding of the basic ideas and problems which require expertise but do not contribute to this understanding are not discussed. How ever, the presentation is more sophisticated than might be considered appropri ate for someone with no previous knowledge of the subject so that, although it is developed from the beginning, some previous acquaintance with the elements of the subject would be an advantage. In addition, some familiarity with element ary calculus is assumed but not with the elementary theory of differential equations, although knowledge of the latter would again be an advantage. It is my opinion that mechanics is best introduced through the motion of a particle, with rigid body problems left until the subject is more fully developed. However, some experienced mathematicians consider that no introduction is complete without a discussion of rigid body mechanics. Conventional accounts of the subject invariably include such a discussion, but with the problems restricted to two-dimensional ones in the books which claim to be elementary. The mechanics of rigid bodies is therefore included but there is no separate discussion of the theory in two dimensions."

This is a collection of research-oriented monographs, reports, and notes arising from lectures and seminars on the Weil representation, the Maslov index, and the Theta series. It is good contribution to the international scientific community, particularly for researchers and graduate students in the field.

Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, leading mathematician Peter Scholze delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory of p-adic geometry. Building on his discovery of perfectoid spaces, Scholze introduced the concept of "diamonds," which are to perfectoid spaces what algebraic spaces are to schemes. The introduction of diamonds, along with the development of a mixed-characteristic shtuka, set the stage for a critical advance in the discipline. In this book, Peter Scholze and Jared Weinstein show that the moduli space of mixed-characteristic shtukas is a diamond, raising the possibility of using the cohomology of such spaces to attack the Langlands conjectures for a reductive group over a p-adic field. This book follows the informal style of the original Berkeley lectures, with one chapter per lecture. It explores p-adic and perfectoid spaces before laying out the newer theory of shtukas and their moduli spaces. Points of contact with other threads of the subject, including p-divisible groups, p-adic Hodge theory, and Rapoport-Zink spaces, are thoroughly explained. Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry will be a useful resource for students and scholars working in arithmetic geometry and number theory.

In the summer quarter of 1949, I taught a ten-weeks introductory course on number theory at the University of Chicago; it was announced in the catalogue as "Alge bra 251." What made it possible, in the form which I had planned for it, was the fact that Max Rosenlicht, now of the University of California at Berkeley, was then my assistant. According to his recollection, "this was the first and last time, in the his tory of the Chicago department of mathematics, that an assistant worked for his salary." The course consisted of two lectures a week, supplemented by a weekly "laboratory period" where students were given exercises which they were. asked to solve under Max's supervision and (when necessary) with his help. This idea was borrowed from the "Praktikum" of German universi ties. Being alien to the local tradition, it did not work out as well as I had hoped, and student attendance at the problem sessions so on became desultory. v vi Weekly notes were written up by Max Rosenlicht and issued week by week to the students. Rather than a literal reproduction of the course, they should be regarded as its skeleton; they were supplemented by references to stan dard text-books on algebra. Max also contributed by far the larger part of the exercises. None of, this was meant for publication."

This book presents a self-contained introduction to H.M. Stark 's remarkable conjectures about the leading term of the Taylor expansion of Artin 's L-functions at s=0. These conjectures can be viewed as a vast generalization of Dirichlet 's class number formula and Kronecker 's limit formula. They provide an unexpected contribution to Hilbert 's 12th problem on the generalization of class fields by the values of transcendental functions. This volume belongs on the shelf of every mathematics library.