Designed as a self-contained account of a number of key algorithmic problems and their solutions for linear algebraic groups, this book combines in one single text both an introduction to the basic theory of linear algebraic groups and a substantial collection of useful algorithms. Computation with Linear Algebraic Groups offers an invaluable guide to graduate students and researchers working in algebraic groups, computational algebraic geometry, and computational group theory, as well as those looking for a concise introduction to the theory of linear algebraic groups.

This book is a comprehensive treatise on the partial toroidal and minimal compactifications of the ordinary loci of PEL-type Shimura varieties and Kuga families, and on the canonical and subcanonical extensions of automorphic bundles. The results in this book serve as the logical foundation of several recent developments in the theory of p-adic automorphic forms; and of the author's work with Harris, Taylor, and Thorne on the construction of Galois representations without any polarizability conditions, which is a major breakthrough in the Langlands program.This book is important for active researchers and graduate students who need to understand the above-mentioned recent works, and is written with such users of the theory in mind, providing plenty of explanations and background materials, which should be helpful for people working in similar areas. It also contains precise internal and external references, and an index of notation and terminologies. These are useful for readers to quickly locate materials they need.

Auf breiter fachlicher Ebene werden in dem Lehrbuch einfache elementare zahlentheoretische Inhalte besprochen, aber auch Stoffkomplexe aus der analytischen und algebraischen Zahlentheorie dargestellt. Das Buch bietet so auf uberschaubaren mathematischen Niveau einen Einstieg in ausgewahlte Themen der Zahlentheorie. Samtliche Kapitel enthalten umfassend Beispiele, UEbungsaufgaben mit Loesungen, Abbildungen und ausfuhrlich durchgerechnete Beweise, so dass es sich sehr gut zur Prufungsvorbereitung eignet.

This is the sixth annual volume of papers based on the outstanding lectures given at the Seminaire de Theorie des Nombres de Paris. The results presented in 1985-86 by an international group of mathematicians reflect the most recent work in many areas of number theory.

Introduction to Number Theory is a classroom-tested, student-friendly text that covers a diverse array of number theory topics, from the ancient Euclidean algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor of two integers to recent developments such as cryptography, the theory of elliptic curves, and the negative solution of Hilbert's tenth problem. The authors illustrate the connections between number theory and other areas of mathematics, including algebra, analysis, and combinatorics. They also describe applications of number theory to real-world problems, such as congruences in the ISBN system, modular arithmetic and Euler's theorem in RSA encryption, and quadratic residues in the construction of tournaments. Ideal for a one- or two-semester undergraduate-level course, this Second Edition: Features a more flexible structure that offers a greater range of options for course design Adds new sections on the representations of integers and the Chinese remainder theorem Expands exercise sets to encompass a wider variety of problems, many of which relate number theory to fields outside of mathematics (e.g., music) Provides calculations for computational experimentation using SageMath, a free open-source mathematics software system, as well as Mathematica (R) and Maple (TM), online via a robust, author-maintained website Includes a solutions manual with qualifying course adoption By tackling both fundamental and advanced subjects-and using worked examples, numerous exercises, and popular software packages to ensure a practical understanding-Introduction to Number Theory, Second Edition instills a solid foundation of number theory knowledge.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 2019 Lluis A. Santalo Summer School on $p$-Adic Analysis, Arithmetic and Singularities, which was held from June 24-28, 2019, at the Universidad Internacional Menendez Pelayo, Santander, Spain. The main purpose of the book is to present and analyze different incarnations of the local zeta functions and their multiple connections in mathematics and theoretical physics. Local zeta functions are ubiquitous objects in mathematics and theoretical physics. At the mathematical level, local zeta functions contain geometry and arithmetic information about the set of zeros defined by a finite number of polynomials. In terms of applications in theoretical physics, these functions play a central role in the regularization of Feynman amplitudes and Koba-Nielsen-type string amplitudes, among other applications. This volume provides a gentle introduction to a very active area of research that lies at the intersection of number theory, $p$-adic analysis, algebraic geometry, singularity theory, and theoretical physics. Specifically, the book introduces $p$-adic analysis, the theory of zeta functions, Archimedean, $p$-adic, motivic, singularities of plane curves and their Poincare series, among other similar topics. It also contains original contributions in the aforementioned areas written by renowned specialists. This book is an important reference for students and experts who want to delve quickly into the area of local zeta functions and their many connections in mathematics and theoretical physics. This book is published in cooperation with Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola.

Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the Andre-Oort and Zilber-Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research in this area.

From the Foreword: "Dietmar Hildenbrand's new book, Introduction to Geometric Algebra Computing, in my view, fills an important gap in Clifford's geometric algebra literature...I can only congratulate the author for the daring simplicity of his novel educational approach taken in this book, consequently combined with hands on computer based exploration. Without noticing, the active reader will thus educate himself in elementary geometric algebra algorithm development, geometrically intuitive, highly comprehensible, and fully optimized." --Eckhard Hitzer, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan Geometric Algebra is a very powerful mathematical system for an easy and intuitive treatment of geometry, but the community working with it is still very small. The main goal of this book is to close this gap with an introduction to Geometric Algebra from an engineering/computing perspective. This book is intended to give a rapid introduction to computing with Geometric Algebra and its power for geometric modeling. From the geometric objects point of view, it focuses on the most basic ones, namely points, lines and circles. This algebra is called Compass Ruler Algebra, since it is comparable to working with a compass and ruler. The book explores how to compute with these geometric objects, and their geometric operations and transformations, in a very intuitive way. The book follows a top-down approach, and while it focuses on 2D, it is also easily expandable to 3D computations. Algebra in engineering applications such as computer graphics, computer vision and robotics are also covered.

Yearning for the Impossible: The Surprising Truth of Mathematics, Second Edition explores the history of mathematics from the perspective of the creative tension between common sense and the "impossible" as the author follows the discovery or invention of new concepts that have marked mathematical progress. The author puts these creations into a broader context involving related "impossibilities" from art, literature, philosophy, and physics. This new edition contains many new exercises and commentaries, clearly discussing a wide range of challenging subjects.

Quadratic Irrationals: An Introduction to Classical Number Theory gives a unified treatment of the classical theory of quadratic irrationals. Presenting the material in a modern and elementary algebraic setting, the author focuses on equivalence, continued fractions, quadratic characters, quadratic orders, binary quadratic forms, and class groups. The book highlights the connection between Gauss's theory of binary forms and the arithmetic of quadratic orders. It collects essential results of the theory that have previously been difficult to access and scattered in the literature, including binary quadratic Diophantine equations and explicit continued fractions, biquadratic class group characters, the divisibility of class numbers by 16, F. Mertens' proof of Gauss's duplication theorem, and a theory of binary quadratic forms that departs from the restriction to fundamental discriminants. The book also proves Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions, covers Dirichlet's class number formula, and shows that every primitive binary quadratic form represents infinitely many primes. The necessary fundamentals on algebra and elementary number theory are given in an appendix. Research on number theory has produced a wealth of interesting and beautiful results yet topics are strewn throughout the literature, the notation is far from being standardized, and a unifying approach to the different aspects is lacking. Covering both classical and recent results, this book unifies the theory of continued fractions, quadratic orders, binary quadratic forms, and class groups based on the concept of a quadratic irrational.

Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, leading mathematician Peter Scholze delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory of p-adic geometry. Building on his discovery of perfectoid spaces, Scholze introduced the concept of "diamonds," which are to perfectoid spaces what algebraic spaces are to schemes. The introduction of diamonds, along with the development of a mixed-characteristic shtuka, set the stage for a critical advance in the discipline. In this book, Peter Scholze and Jared Weinstein show that the moduli space of mixed-characteristic shtukas is a diamond, raising the possibility of using the cohomology of such spaces to attack the Langlands conjectures for a reductive group over a p-adic field. This book follows the informal style of the original Berkeley lectures, with one chapter per lecture. It explores p-adic and perfectoid spaces before laying out the newer theory of shtukas and their moduli spaces. Points of contact with other threads of the subject, including p-divisible groups, p-adic Hodge theory, and Rapoport-Zink spaces, are thoroughly explained. Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry will be a useful resource for students and scholars working in arithmetic geometry and number theory.

As the open-source and free alternative to expensive software like MapleTM, MathematicaR, and MATLABR, Sage offers anyone with a web browser the ability to use cutting-edge mathematical software and share the results with others, often with stunning graphics. This book is a gentle introduction to Sage for undergraduate students during Calculus II, Multivariate Calculus, Differential Equations, Linear Algebra, Math Modeling, or Operations Research. This book assumes no background in programming, but the reader who finishes the book will have learned about 60 percent of a first semester computer science course, including much of the Python programming language. The audience is not only math majors, but also physics, engineering, environmental science, finance, chemistry, economics, data science, and computer science majors. Many of the book's examples are drawn from those fields. Filled with ""challenges"" for the students to test their progress, the book is also ideal for self-study. What's New in the Second Edition: In 2019, Sage transitioned from Python 2 to Python 3, which changed the syntax in several significant ways, including for the print command. All the examples in this book have been rewritten to be compatible with Python 3. Moreover, every code block longer than four lines has been placed in an archive on the book's website http://www.sage-for-undergraduates.org that is maintained by the author, so that the students won't have to retype the code! Other additions include: The number of ""challenges"" for the students to test their own progress in learning Sage has roughly doubled, which will be a great boon for self-study. There's approximately 150 pages of new content, including: New projects on Leontief Input-Output Analysis and on Environmental ScienceNew sections about Complex Numbers and Complex Analysis, on SageTex, and on solving problems via Monte-Carlo Simulations. The first three sections of Chapter 1 have been completely rewritten to give absolute beginners a smoother transition into Sage.

"Number Theory: A Lively Introduction with Proofs, Applications, and Stories," is a new book that provides a rigorous yet accessible introduction to elementary number theory along with relevant applications.

Readable discussions motivate new concepts and theorems before their formal definitions and statements are presented. Many theorems are preceded by "Numerical Proof Previews," which are numerical examples that will help give students a concrete understanding of both the statements of the theorems and the ideas behind their proofs, before the statement and proof are formalized in more abstract terms. In addition, many applications of number theory are explained in detail throughout the text, including some that have rarely (if ever) appeared in textbooks.

A unique feature of the book is that every chapter includes a "math myth," a fictional story that introduces an important number theory topic in a friendly, inviting manner. Many of the exercise sets include in-depth "Explorations," in which a series of exercises develop a topic that is related to the material in the section.

The theory of numbers is generally considered to be the 'purest' branch of pure mathematics and demands exactness of thought and exposition from its devotees. It is also one of the most highly active and engaging areas of mathematics. Now into its eighth edition The Higher Arithmetic introduces the concepts and theorems of number theory in a way that does not require the reader to have an in-depth knowledge of the theory of numbers but also touches upon matters of deep mathematical significance. Since earlier editions, additional material written by J. H. Davenport has been added, on topics such as Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, computers and number theory, and primality testing. Written to be accessible to the general reader, with only high school mathematics as prerequisite, this classic book is also ideal for undergraduate courses on number theory, and covers all the necessary material clearly and succinctly.

Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry presents an important breakthrough in arithmetic geometry. In 2014, leading mathematician Peter Scholze delivered a series of lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on new ideas in the theory of p-adic geometry. Building on his discovery of perfectoid spaces, Scholze introduced the concept of "diamonds," which are to perfectoid spaces what algebraic spaces are to schemes. The introduction of diamonds, along with the development of a mixed-characteristic shtuka, set the stage for a critical advance in the discipline. In this book, Peter Scholze and Jared Weinstein show that the moduli space of mixed-characteristic shtukas is a diamond, raising the possibility of using the cohomology of such spaces to attack the Langlands conjectures for a reductive group over a p-adic field. This book follows the informal style of the original Berkeley lectures, with one chapter per lecture. It explores p-adic and perfectoid spaces before laying out the newer theory of shtukas and their moduli spaces. Points of contact with other threads of the subject, including p-divisible groups, p-adic Hodge theory, and Rapoport-Zink spaces, are thoroughly explained. Berkeley Lectures on p-adic Geometry will be a useful resource for students and scholars working in arithmetic geometry and number theory.

This open access textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic theory of quaternion algebras and orders, a subject with applications in diverse areas of mathematics. Written to be accessible and approachable to the graduate student reader, this text collects and synthesizes results from across the literature. Numerous pathways offer explorations in many different directions, while the unified treatment makes this book an essential reference for students and researchers alike. Divided into five parts, the book begins with a basic introduction to the noncommutative algebra underlying the theory of quaternion algebras over fields, including the relationship to quadratic forms. An in-depth exploration of the arithmetic of quaternion algebras and orders follows. The third part considers analytic aspects, starting with zeta functions and then passing to an idelic approach, offering a pathway from local to global that includes strong approximation. Applications of unit groups of quaternion orders to hyperbolic geometry and low-dimensional topology follow, relating geometric and topological properties to arithmetic invariants. Arithmetic geometry completes the volume, including quaternionic aspects of modular forms, supersingular elliptic curves, and the moduli of QM abelian surfaces. Quaternion Algebras encompasses a vast wealth of knowledge at the intersection of many fields. Graduate students interested in algebra, geometry, and number theory will appreciate the many avenues and connections to be explored. Instructors will find numerous options for constructing introductory and advanced courses, while researchers will value the all-embracing treatment. Readers are assumed to have some familiarity with algebraic number theory and commutative algebra, as well as the fundamentals of linear algebra, topology, and complex analysis. More advanced topics call upon additional background, as noted, though essential concepts and motivation are recapped throughout.

Undergraduate text uses combinatorial approach to accommodate both math majors and liberal arts students. Multiplicativity-divisibility, quadratic congruences, additivity, more.

Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series are generalizations of the Riemann zeta function. Like the Riemann zeta function, they are Dirichlet series with analytic continuation and functional equations, having applications to analytic number theory. By contrast, these Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series may be functions of several complex variables and their groups of functional equations may be arbitrary finite Weyl groups. Furthermore, their coefficients are multiplicative up to roots of unity, generalizing the notion of Euler products. This book proves foundational results about these series and develops their combinatorics.

These interesting functions may be described as Whittaker coefficients of Eisenstein series on metaplectic groups, but this characterization doesn't readily lead to an explicit description of the coefficients. The coefficients may be expressed as sums over Kashiwara crystals, which are combinatorial analogs of characters of irreducible representations of Lie groups. For Cartan Type A, there are two distinguished descriptions, and if these are known to be equal, the analytic properties of the Dirichlet series follow. Proving the equality of the two combinatorial definitions of the Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series requires the comparison of two sums of products of Gauss sums over lattice points in polytopes. Through a series of surprising combinatorial reductions, this is accomplished.

The book includes expository material about crystals, deformations of the Weyl character formula, and the Yang-Baxter equation.

This monograph provides a systematic treatment of the Brauer group of schemes, from the foundational work of Grothendieck to recent applications in arithmetic and algebraic geometry. The importance of the cohomological Brauer group for applications to Diophantine equations and algebraic geometry was discovered soon after this group was introduced by Grothendieck. The Brauer-Manin obstruction plays a crucial role in the study of rational points on varieties over global fields. The birational invariance of the Brauer group was recently used in a novel way to establish the irrationality of many new classes of algebraic varieties. The book covers the vast theory underpinning these and other applications. Intended as an introduction to cohomological methods in algebraic geometry, most of the book is accessible to readers with a knowledge of algebra, algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory at graduate level. Much of the more advanced material is not readily available in book form elsewhere; notably, de Jong's proof of Gabber's theorem, the specialisation method and applications of the Brauer group to rationality questions, an in-depth study of the Brauer-Manin obstruction, and proof of the finiteness theorem for the Brauer group of abelian varieties and K3 surfaces over finitely generated fields. The book surveys recent work but also gives detailed proofs of basic theorems, maintaining a balance between general theory and concrete examples. Over half a century after Grothendieck's foundational seminars on the topic, The Brauer-Grothendieck Group is a treatise that fills a longstanding gap in the literature, providing researchers, including research students, with a valuable reference on a central object of algebraic and arithmetic geometry.

Model theory is one of the central branches of mathematical logic. The field has evolved rapidly in the last few decades. This book is an introduction to current trends in model theory, and contains a collection of articles authored by top researchers in the field. It is intended as a reference for students as well as senior researchers.

"Elliptic Tales" describes the latest developments in number theory by looking at one of the most exciting unsolved problems in contemporary mathematics--the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. In this book, Avner Ash and Robert Gross guide readers through the mathematics they need to understand this captivating problem.

The key to the conjecture lies in elliptic curves, which may appear simple, but arise from some very deep--and often very mystifying--mathematical ideas. Using only basic algebra and calculus while presenting numerous eye-opening examples, Ash and Gross make these ideas accessible to general readers, and, in the process, venture to the very frontiers of modern mathematics.

There are connections between invariant theory and modular forms since the times of Felix Klein, in the 19th century, connections between codes and lattices since the 1960's. The aim of the book is to explore the interplay between codes and modular forms. Here modular form is understood in a wide sense (Jacobi forms, Siegel forms, Hilbert forms). Codes comprises not only linear spaces over finite fields but modules over some commutative rings. The connection between codes over finite fields and lattices has been well documented since the 1970s. Due to an avalanche of results on codes over rings since the 1990's there is a need for an update at book level.

With a foreword by Freeman Dyson, the handbook brings together leading mathematicians and physicists to offer a comprehensive overview of random matrix theory, including a guide to new developments and the diverse range of applications of this approach. In part one, all modern and classical techniques of solving random matrix models are explored, including orthogonal polynomials, exact replicas or supersymmetry. Further, all main extensions of the classical Gaussian ensembles of