The goal of this book is to gather in a single work the most relevant concepts related in optimization methods, showing how such theories and methods can be addressed using the open source, multi-platform R tool. Modern optimization methods, also known as metaheuristics, are particularly useful for solving complex problems for which no specialized optimization algorithm has been developed. These methods often yield high quality solutions with a more reasonable use of computational resources (e.g. memory and processing effort). Examples of popular modern methods discussed in this book are: simulated annealing; tabu search; genetic algorithms; differential evolution; and particle swarm optimization. This book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, information technology, and related areas, as well as data analysts interested in exploring modern optimization methods using R. This new edition integrates the latest R packages through text and code examples. It also discusses new topics, such as: the impact of artificial intelligence and business analytics in modern optimization tasks; the creation of interactive Web applications; usage of parallel computing; and more modern optimization algorithms (e.g., iterated racing, ant colony optimization, grammatical evolution).

Want to use the power of R sooner rather than later? Don't have time to plow through wordy texts and online manuals? Use this book for quick, simple code to get your projects up and running. It includes code and examples applicable to many disciplines. Written in everyday language with a minimum of complexity, each chapter provides the building blocks you need to fit R's astounding capabilities to your analytics, reporting, and visualization needs. CRAN Recipes recognizes how needless jargon and complexity get in your way. Busy professionals need simple examples and intuitive descriptions; side trips and meandering philosophical discussions are left for other books. Here R scripts are condensed, to the extent possible, to copy-paste-run format. Chapters and examples are structured to purpose rather than particular functions (e.g., "dirty data cleanup" rather than the R package name "janitor"). Everyday language eliminates the need to know functions/packages in advance. What You Will Learn Carry out input/output; visualizations; data munging; manipulations at the group level; and quick data exploration Handle forecasting (multivariate, time series, logistic regression, Facebook's Prophet, and others) Use text analytics; sampling; financial analysis; and advanced pattern matching (regex) Manipulate data using DPLYR: filter, sort, summarize, add new fields to datasets, and apply powerful IF functions Create combinations or subsets of files using joins Write efficient code using pipes to eliminate intermediate steps (MAGRITTR) Work with string/character manipulation of all types (STRINGR) Discover counts, patterns, and how to locate whole words Do wild-card matching, extraction, and invert-match Work with dates using LUBRIDATE Fix dirty data; attractive formatting; bad habits to avoid Who This Book Is For Programmers/data scientists with at least some prior exposure to R.

Now in its second edition, Text Analysis with R provides a practical introduction to computational text analysis using the open source programming language R. R is an extremely popular programming language, used throughout the sciences; due to its accessibility, R is now used increasingly in other research areas. In this volume, readers immediately begin working with text, and each chapter examines a new technique or process, allowing readers to obtain a broad exposure to core R procedures and a fundamental understanding of the possibilities of computational text analysis at both the micro and the macro scale. Each chapter builds on its predecessor as readers move from small scale "microanalysis" of single texts to large scale "macroanalysis" of text corpora, and each concludes with a set of practice exercises that reinforce and expand upon the chapter lessons. The book's focus is on making the technical palatable and making the technical useful and immediately gratifying. Text Analysis with R is written with students and scholars of literature in mind but will be applicable to other humanists and social scientists wishing to extend their methodological toolkit to include quantitative and computational approaches to the study of text. Computation provides access to information in text that readers simply cannot gather using traditional qualitative methods of close reading and human synthesis. This new edition features two new chapters: one that introduces dplyr and tidyr in the context of parsing and analyzing dramatic texts to extract speaker and receiver data, and one on sentiment analysis using the syuzhet package. It is also filled with updated material in every chapter to integrate new developments in the field, current practices in R style, and the use of more efficient algorithms.

Write automated unit tests for the ABAP language. This book teaches programmers using simple examples and metaphors and explains the underlying concepts of writing effective automated unit tests. Many, if not most, ABAP programmers learned their programming and testing skills before the ABAP development environment provided an automated unit testing facility. Automated Unit Testing with ABAP: A Practical Approach offers hope and salvation to ABAP programmers who continue to toil with antiquated manual unit testing processes, taking them by the hand and lifting them out of that dungeon of despair with a modern and proven alternative. It begins by explaining how the xUnit family of automated testing frameworks provides a quick and effective means of insuring high-quality software. It then focuses on the ABAP Unit Testing Facility, the xUnit framework applicable specifically to the ABAP language, showing how it can be used to bring ABAP applications under automated testing control, from old legacy applications to those newly written. Whereas xUnit testing has been widely accepted with developers writing in many other programming languages, it is an unfortunate fact in the ABAP community that many programmers still are unfamiliar with xUnit concepts and do not know how to begin implementing automated unit testing into their development process. This book demonstrates how to refactor programs so they become designed for testability, showing how to use process encapsulation and test isolation to facilitate automated testing, including a thorough explanation of test-driven development and the use of test doubles. The book: Shows how to write automated unit tests for ABAP Instills ABAP programmers with the confidence to refactor poorly written code Explains how an automated testing harness facilitates rapid software development Teaches how to utilize test-driven development (TDD) with ABAP Offers advice and tips on the best ways to write automated unit tests What You Will Learn Become familiar with the xUnit approach to testing Know the ABAP statements that interfere with running automated unit tests and how to accommodate them Understand what it means to isolate code for testing and how this is achieved Gain the confidence to refactor poorly written code Make ABAP programs designed for testability Reap the benefits of spending less time manually unit testing ABAP programs Use test-driven development (TDD) with ABAP programming Use configurable test doubles in ABAP Who This Book Is For ABAP programmers who remain unfamiliar with the automated unit testing facility and those who already use it but want to improve their skill writing and using automated tests. The book addresses the reluctance and trepidation felt by procedural ABAP programmers who need to know some object-oriented concepts to use this facility, expands their horizons, and helps them step through the doorway leading to a different approach to program design.

This textbook presents an introduction to generalized linear models, complete with real-world data sets and practice problems, making it applicable for both beginning and advanced students of applied statistics. Generalized linear models (GLMs) are powerful tools in applied statistics that extend the ideas of multiple linear regression and analysis of variance to include response variables that are not normally distributed. As such, GLMs can model a wide variety of data types including counts, proportions, and binary outcomes or positive quantities. The book is designed with the student in mind, making it suitable for self-study or a structured course. Beginning with an introduction to linear regression, the book also devotes time to advanced topics not typically included in introductory textbooks. It features chapter introductions and summaries, clear examples, and many practice problems, all carefully designed to balance theory and practice. The text also provides a working knowledge of applied statistical practice through the extensive use of R, which is integrated into the text. Other features include: * Advanced topics such as power variance functions, saddlepoint approximations, likelihood score tests, modified profile likelihood, small-dispersion asymptotics, and randomized quantile residuals * Nearly 100 data sets in the companion R package GLMsData * Examples that are cross-referenced to the companion data set, allowing readers to load the data and follow the analysis in their own R session

The peer-reviewed contributions gathered in this book address methods, software and applications of statistics and data science in the social sciences. The data revolution in social science research has not only produced new business models, but has also provided policymakers with better decision-making support tools. In this volume, statisticians, computer scientists and experts on social research discuss the opportunities and challenges of the social data revolution in order to pave the way for addressing new research problems. The respective contributions focus on complex social systems and current methodological advances in extracting social knowledge from large data sets, as well as modern social research on human behavior and society using large data sets. Moreover, they analyze integrated systems designed to take advantage of new social data sources, and discuss quality-related issues. The papers were originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Social Research, held in Milan, Italy, on February 4-5, 2019.

Explore the architecture, product offerings, and the various stages of implementation processes in Azure DevOps. The book starts with the basic concepts of DevOps and moves on to discuss project management in Azure DevOps. Next, you will learn requirement management and version control in DevOps. Along the way, you will go through test management followed by continuous integration and build automation with more details on code quality and security implementations. Moving forward, you will learn release pipeline and infrastructure as code implementation including ARM-based environment provisioning and execution. Finally, you'll cover DevOps architecture blueprints used for deploying your web applications to different platforms . After reading this book, you will be able to understand each stage of Azure DevOps and master its implementation. What You Will Learn Understand the various concepts of Azure DevOps Apply DevOps concepts in a variety of application contexts including web applications, containers, and database Understand the implementation of end-to-end DevOps in Azure Work with the different DevOps design patterns and architectures in Azure Who Is This Book For: Developers and architects working with Azure.

This book features selected papers from the 5th International Conference on Mathematics and Computing (ICMC 2019), organized by the School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Bhubaneswar, India, on February 6 - 9, 2019. Covering recent advances in the field of mathematics, statistics and scientific computing, the book presents innovative work by leading academics, researchers and experts from industry.

This book presents an introduction to linear univariate and multivariate time series analysis, providing brief theoretical insights into each topic, and from the beginning illustrating the theory with software examples. As such, it quickly introduces readers to the peculiarities of each subject from both theoretical and the practical points of view. It also includes numerous examples and real-world applications that demonstrate how to handle different types of time series data. The associated software package, SSMMATLAB, is written in MATLAB and also runs on the free OCTAVE platform. The book focuses on linear time series models using a state space approach, with the Kalman filter and smoother as the main tools for model estimation, prediction and signal extraction. A chapter on state space models describes these tools and provides examples of their use with general state space models. Other topics discussed in the book include ARIMA; and transfer function and structural models; as well as signal extraction using the canonical decomposition in the univariate case, and VAR, VARMA, cointegrated VARMA, VARX, VARMAX, and multivariate structural models in the multivariate case. It also addresses spectral analysis, the use of fixed filters in a model-based approach, and automatic model identification procedures for ARIMA and transfer function models in the presence of outliers, interventions, complex seasonal patterns and other effects like Easter, trading day, etc. This book is intended for both students and researchers in various fields dealing with time series. The software provides numerous automatic procedures to handle common practical situations, but at the same time, readers with programming skills can write their own programs to deal with specific problems. Although the theoretical introduction to each topic is kept to a minimum, readers can consult the companion book 'Multivariate Time Series With Linear State Space Structure', by the same author, if they require more details.

Testing for economic convergence across countries has been a central issue in the literature of economic growth and development. This book introduces a modern framework to study the cross-country convergence dynamics in labor productivity and its proximate sources: capital accumulation and aggregate efficiency. In particular, recent convergence dynamics of developed as well as developing countries are evaluated through the lens of a non-linear dynamic factor model and a clustering algorithm for panel data. This framework allows us to examine key economic phenomena such as technological heterogeneity and multiple equilibria. In this context, the book provides a succinct review of the recent club convergence literature, a comparative view of developed and developing countries, and a tutorial on how to implement the club convergence framework in the statistical software Stata.

The first and only book to offer detailed explanations of SAP ERP sales and distribution As the only book to provide in-depth configuration of the Sales and Distribution (SD) module in the latest version of SAP ERP, this valuable resource presents you with step-by-step instruction, conceptual explanations, and plenty of examples. If you're an SD consultant or are in charge of managing an SAP implementation in your enterprise, you'll want this valuable resource at your side * SAP is one of the leading Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software products on the market, with over 40,000 implementations * Covers the latest version of SAP ERP-ECC 6.0 * Covers common through advanced configurations, so it's helpful no matter what your level of experience with SAP * Explains the conceptual framework behind the configuration process If your company uses the SD module, keep this indispensable guide on hand.

Make the most of Salesforce Lightning by delivering impressive enterprise-grade applications with the help of established architectural patterns and best practices. Key Features * Use the Salesforce Platform to build integrated, scalable, and robust apps focused on enterprise-level customer demands * Deliver modern and responsive user experiences targeting multiple devices through Lightning Experience and Salesforce Mobile * Extend your application with access to external services and AI Book Description Salesforce makes architecting enterprise-grade applications easy and secure - but you'll need guidance to leverage its full capabilities and deliver top-notch products for your customers. This fourth edition brings practical guidance to the table, taking you on a journey through building and shipping enterprise-grade apps. You will learn how to leverage the platform's many productivity features and harness its extensibility and customization capabilities. This guide will teach you advanced application architectural design patterns such as Separation of Concerns, Unit Testing, and Dependency Integration. You'll also get to grips with Apex and FFLib, and create scalable services with Java, Node.js, and other languages using Salesforce Functions and Heroku, and find new ways to test Lightning UIs with UTAM. These key topics, alongside a new chapter on exploring Asynchronous Processing Features, are unique to this edition. You'll also benefit from an extensive case study based on how Salesforce Platform delivers solutions. By the end of this Salesforce book, whether you are looking to publish the next amazing application on AppExchange or build packaged applications for your organization, you will be prepared with the latest innovations on the platform. What you will learn * Create and deploy packaged apps for your own business or for AppExchange * Understand Enterprise Application Architecture patterns * Customize mobile and desktop user experience with Lightning Web Components * Manage large data volumes with asynchronous processing and big data strategies * Learn how to go beyond the Apex language, and utilize Java and Node.js to scale your skills and code with Heroku and Salesforce Functions * Test and optimize Salesforce Lightning UIs with UTAM * Use Salesforce AWS Integration and Lightning External Services to integrate external code and data with your Lightning Application Who This Book Is For If you are a Salesforce developer who wants to unlock the true potential of the Salesforce platform and deliver complex, scalable applications within your company or for use in large enterprises you target through AppExchange, then you have come to the right place. You will need a solid foundation of Salesforce development to dive into this book - it is here to elevate your skills, not teach you the basics.

This Springer brief addresses the challenges encountered in the study of the optimization of time-nonhomogeneous Markov chains. It develops new insights and new methodologies for systems in which concepts such as stationarity, ergodicity, periodicity and connectivity do not apply. This brief introduces the novel concept of confluencity and applies a relative optimization approach. It develops a comprehensive theory for optimization of the long-run average of time-nonhomogeneous Markov chains. The book shows that confluencity is the most fundamental concept in optimization, and that relative optimization is more suitable for treating the systems under consideration than standard ideas of dynamic programming. Using confluencity and relative optimization, the author classifies states as confluent or branching and shows how the under-selectivity issue of the long-run average can be easily addressed, multi-class optimization implemented, and Nth biases and Blackwell optimality conditions derived. These results are presented in a book for the first time and so may enhance the understanding of optimization and motivate new research ideas in the area.

Discovering Structural Equation Modeling Using Stata, Revised Edition is devoted to Stata's sem command and all it can do. Learn about its capabilities in the context of confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, structural equation modeling, longitudinal models, and multiple-group analysis. Each model is presented along with the necessary Stata code, which is parsimonious, powerful, and can be modified to fit a wide variety of models. The datasets used are downloadable, offering a hands-on approach to learning. A particularly exciting feature of Stata is the SEM Builder. This graphical interface for structural equation modeling allows you to draw publication-quality path diagrams and fit the models without writing any programming code. When you fit a model with the SEM Builder, Stata automatically generates the complete code that you can save for future use. Use of this unique tool is extensively covered in an appendix and brief examples appear throughout the text.

This book illustrates the role of software architecture and its application in business. The author describes enterprise architecture along with business architecture to show the role of software architecture in both areas. The place of software architecture in business is outlined from many perspectives in this context. The book outlines quality attributes and how managers can use software architecture to build high quality products. Topics include business software architecture, dealing with qualities, achieving quality attributes, managing business qualities, software product line, Internet of Things (IOT), and Service Oriented Business Architecture. The book is intended to benefit students, researchers, software architects, and business architects. Provides quick and easy access to all the important aspects of software architecture in business; Highlights a wide variety of concepts of software architecture in a straightforward manner, for students, practitioners, or architects; Presents different applications of software architecture in business.

This book puts military doctrine into a wider perspective, drawing on military history, philosophy, and political science. Military doctrines are institutional beliefs about what works in war; given the trauma of 9/11 and the ensuing 'War on Terror', serious divergences over what the message of the 'new' military doctrine ought to be were expected around the world. However, such questions are often drowned in ferocious meta-doctrinal disagreements. What is a doctrine, after all? This book provides a theoretical understanding of such questions. Divided into three parts, the author investigates the historical roots of military doctrine and explores its growth and expansion until the present day, and goes on to analyse the main characteristics of a military doctrine. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the book concludes that doctrine can be utilized in three key ways: as a tool of command, as a tool of change, and as a tool of education. This book will be of much interest to students of military studies, civil-military relations, strategic studies, and war studies, as well as to students in professional military education.

This book presents recent non-asymptotic results for approximations in multivariate statistical analysis. The book is unique in its focus on results with the correct error structure for all the parameters involved. Firstly, it discusses the computable error bounds on correlation coefficients, MANOVA tests and discriminant functions studied in recent papers. It then introduces new areas of research in high-dimensional approximations for bootstrap procedures, Cornish-Fisher expansions, power-divergence statistics and approximations of statistics based on observations with random sample size. Lastly, it proposes a general approach for the construction of non-asymptotic bounds, providing relevant examples for several complicated statistics. It is a valuable resource for researchers with a basic understanding of multivariate statistics.

This book provides statistical methodologies for time series data, focusing on copula-based Markov chain models for serially correlated time series. It also includes data examples from economics, engineering, finance, sport and other disciplines to illustrate the methods presented. An accessible textbook for students in the fields of economics, management, mathematics, statistics, and related fields wanting to gain insights into the statistical analysis of time series data using copulas, the book also features stand-alone chapters to appeal to researchers. As the subtitle suggests, the book highlights parametric models based on normal distribution, t-distribution, normal mixture distribution, Poisson distribution, and others. Presenting likelihood-based methods as the main statistical tools for fitting the models, the book details the development of computing techniques to find the maximum likelihood estimator. It also addresses statistical process control, as well as Bayesian and regression methods. Lastly, to help readers analyze their data, it provides computer codes (R codes) for most of the statistical methods.

This volume gathers peer-reviewed contributions on data analysis, classification and related areas presented at the 28th Conference of the Section on Classification and Data Analysis of the Polish Statistical Association, SKAD 2019, held in Szczecin, Poland, on September 18-20, 2019. Providing a balance between theoretical and methodological contributions and empirical papers, it covers a broad variety of topics, ranging from multivariate data analysis, classification and regression, symbolic (and other) data analysis, visualization, data mining, and computer methods to composite measures, and numerous applications of data analysis methods in economics, finance and other social sciences. The book is intended for a wide audience, including researchers at universities and research institutions, graduate and doctoral students, practitioners, data scientists and employees in public statistical institutions.

The objective of this text is to introduce RStudio to practitioners and students and enable them to use R in their everyday work. It is not a statistical textbook, the purpose is to transmit the joy of analyzing data with RStudio. Practitioners and students learn how RStudio can be installed and used, they learn to import data, write scripts and save working results. Furthermore, they learn to employ descriptive statistics and create graphics with RStudio. Additionally, it is shown how RStudio can be used to test hypotheses, run an analysis of variance and regressions. To deepen the learned content, tasks are included with the solutions provided at the end of the textbook. This textbook has been recommended and developed for university courses in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

This book sheds light on cross-industry and industry-specific trends in today's digital economy. Prepared by a group of international researchers, experts and practitioners under the auspices of SAP's Digital Thought Leadership & Enablement team within SAP's Business Transformation Services (BTS) unit, the book furthermore presents relevant use cases in digital transformation and innovation. The book argues that breakthrough technologies have matured and hit scale together, enabling five defining trends: hyper-connectivity, supercomputing, cloud computing, a smarter world, and cyber security. It presents in detail how companies are now reimagining their products and services, business models and processes, showcasing how every business today is a digital business. Digitalization, defined as the process of moving to a digital business, is no longer a choice but an imperative for all businesses across all industries and regions. Taking a step toward becoming a digital enterprise is demanding and challenging. The dimensions of customer centricity, leadership and strategy, business models, including offerings (products and services), processes, structure and governance, people and skills, culture, and technology foundation can serve as orientation for digitalization. The articles in this book touch on all dimensions of this digital innovation and transformation framework and offer possible answers to some of the pressing questions that arise when practitioners seek to digitalize their business.

This book presents a self-contained introduction to techniques from field theory applied to stochastic and collective dynamics in neuronal networks. These powerful analytical techniques, which are well established in other fields of physics, are the basis of current developments and offer solutions to pressing open problems in theoretical neuroscience and also machine learning. They enable a systematic and quantitative understanding of the dynamics in recurrent and stochastic neuronal networks. This book is intended for physicists, mathematicians, and computer scientists and it is designed for self-study by researchers who want to enter the field or as the main text for a one semester course at advanced undergraduate or graduate level. The theoretical concepts presented in this book are systematically developed from the very beginning, which only requires basic knowledge of analysis and linear algebra.

Program for data analysis using R and learn practical skills to make your work more efficient. This revised book explores how to automate running code and the creation of reports to share your results, as well as writing functions and packages. It includes key R 4 features such as a new color palette for charts, an enhanced reference counting system, and normalization of matrix and array types where matrix objects now formally inherit from the array class, eliminating inconsistencies. Advanced R 4 Data Programming and the Cloud is not designed to teach advanced R programming nor to teach the theory behind statistical procedures. Rather, it is designed to be a practical guide moving beyond merely using R; it shows you how to program in R to automate tasks. This book will teach you how to manipulate data in modern R structures and includes connecting R to databases such as PostgreSQL, cloud services such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), and digital dashboards such as Shiny. Each chapter also includes a detailed bibliography with references to research articles and other resources that cover relevant conceptual and theoretical topics. What You Will Learn Write and document R functions using R 4 Make an R package and share it via GitHub or privately Add tests to R code to ensure it works as intended Use R to talk directly to databases and do complex data management Run R in the Amazon cloud Deploy a Shiny digital dashboard Generate presentation-ready tables and reports using R Who This Book Is For Working professionals, researchers, and students who are familiar with R and basic statistical techniques such as linear regression and who want to learn how to take their R coding and programming to the next level.

Discover what the Common Data Service is and how Dynamics 365 fits in the Power Platform. Learn how to set up core Dynamics 365 Customer Engagement functionality and build more customized processes using model-driven apps. This book covers the Dynamics 365 Online system for sales, customer service, marketing, field service, and Outlook integration. In this second edition, core platform changes from the Common Data Service are included and you will know what this means for Dynamics 365. Updated features include processes, the latest form and view designer, and Business Process Flows. The book also includes new chapters on portals and power virtual agents. After reading Dynamics 365 Essentials, you will have mastered the core functionality available in Dynamics 365 CE and model-driven applications, and will be able to set it up for a range of different business scenarios. What You Will Learn Set up the core standard features of Dynamics 365 CE Create model-driven apps within Dynamics 365 customized to specific business needs Customize Dynamics 365 CE and leverage process automation functionality through the UI Study the Common Data Service for Apps Who This Book Is For Consultants, business analysts, administrators, and project managers who are looking for more information about Dynamics 365