Advanced R helps you understand how R works at a fundamental level. It is designed for R programmers who want to deepen their understanding of the language, and programmers experienced in other languages who want to understand what makes R different and special. This book will teach you the foundations of R; three fundamental programming paradigms (functional, object-oriented, and metaprogramming); and powerful techniques for debugging and optimising your code. By reading this book, you will learn: The difference between an object and its name, and why the distinction is important The important vector data structures, how they fit together, and how you can pull them apart using subsetting The fine details of functions and environments The condition system, which powers messages, warnings, and errors The powerful functional programming paradigm, which can replace many for loops The three most important OO systems: S3, S4, and R6 The tidy eval toolkit for metaprogramming, which allows you to manipulate code and control evaluation Effective debugging techniques that you can deploy, regardless of how your code is run How to find and remove performance bottlenecks The second edition is a comprehensive update: New foundational chapters: "Names and values," "Control flow," and "Conditions" comprehensive coverage of object oriented programming with chapters on S3, S4, R6, and how to choose between them Much deeper coverage of metaprogramming, including the new tidy evaluation framework use of new package like rlang (http://rlang.r-lib.org), which provides a clean interface to low-level operations, and purr (http://purrr.tidyverse.org/) for functional programming Use of color in code chunks and figures Hadley Wickham is Chief Scientist at RStudio, an Adjunct Professor at Stanford University and the University of Auckland, and a member of the R Foundation. He is the lead developer of the tidyverse, a collection of R packages, including ggplot2 and dplyr, designed to support data science. He is also the author of R for Data Science (with Garrett Grolemund), R Packages, and ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis.

Praise for the First Edition:

". . . the book serves as an excellent tutorial on the R language, providing examples that illustrate programming concepts in the context of practical computational problems. The book will be of great interest for all specialists working on computational statistics and Monte Carlo methods for modeling and simulation." – Tzvetan Semerdjiev, Zentralblatt Math

Computational statistics and statistical computing are two areas within statistics that may be broadly described as computational, graphical, and numerical approaches to solving statistical problems. Like its bestselling predecessor, Statistical Computing with R, Second Edition covers the traditional core material of these areas with an emphasis on using the R language via an examples-based approach. The new edition is up-to-date with the many advances that have been made in recent years.

Features

Provides an overview of computational statistics and an introduction to the R computing environment.

Focuses on implementation rather than theory.

Explores key topics in statistical computing including Monte Carlo methods in inference, bootstrap and jackknife, permutation tests, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, and density estimation.

Includes new sections, exercises and applications as well as new chapters on resampling methods and programming topics.

Includes coverage of recent advances including R Studio, the tidyverse, knitr and ggplot2

Accompanied by online supplements available on GitHub including R code for all the exercises as well as tutorials and extended examples on selected topics.

Suitable for an introductory course in computational statistics or for self-study, Statistical Computing with R, Second Edition provides a balanced, accessible introduction to computational statistics and statistical computing.

About the Author

Maria Rizzo is Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio, where she teaches statistics, actuarial science, computational statistics, statistical programming and data science. Prior to joining the faculty at BGSU in 2006, she was Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Her main research area is energy statistics and distance correlation. She is the software developer and maintainer of the energy package for R. She also enjoys writing books including a forthcoming joint research monograph on energy statistics. 　　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Statistical Computing

The R Environment

Getting Started with R and RStudio

Basic Syntax

Using the R Online Help System

Distributions and Statistical Tests

Functions

Arrays, Data Frames, and Lists

Formula Specifications

Graphics Introduction to ggplot

Workspace and Files

Using Scripts

Using Packages

Using R Markdown and knitr

Exercises

2. Probability and Statistics Review

Random Variables and Probability

Some Discrete Distributions

Some Continuous Distributions

Multivariate Normal Distribution

Limit Theorems

Statistics

Bayes’ Theorem and Bayesian Statistics

Markov Chains

3. Methods for Generating Random Variables

Introduction

The Inverse Transform Method

The Acceptance-Rejection Method

Transformation Methods

Sums and Mixtures

Multivariate Distributions

Exercises

4. Generating Random Processes

Stochastic Processes

Brownian Motions

Exercises

5. Visualization of Multivariate Data

Introduction

Panel Displays

Surface Plots and 3D Scatter Plots

Contour Plots

The Grammar of Graphics and ggplot2

Other 2D Representations of Data

Principal Components Analysis

Exercises

6. Monte Carlo Integration and Variance Reduction

Introduction

Monte Carlo Integration

Variance Reduction

Antithetic Variables

Control Variates

Importance Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Stratified Importance Sampling

Exercises

RCode

7. Monte Carlo Methods in Inference

Introduction

Monte Carlo Methods for Estimation

Monte Carlo Methods for Hypothesis Tests

Application

Exercises

8. Bootstrap and Jackknife

The Bootstrap

The Jackknife

Bootstrap Confidence Intervals

Better Bootstrap Confidence Intervals

Application

Exercises

9. Resampling Applications

Jackknife-after-Bootstrap

Resampling for Regression Models

Influence

Exercises

10. Permutation Tests

Introduction

Tests for Equal Distributions

Multivariate Tests for Equal Distributions

Application

Exercises

11. Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods

Introduction

The Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm

The Gibbs Sampler

Monitoring Convergence

Application

Exercises

R Code

12. Probability Density Estimation

Univariate Density Estimation

Kernel Density Estimation

Bivariate and Multivariate Density Estimation

Other Methods of Density Estimation

Exercises

R Code

13. Introduction to Numerical Methods in R

Introduction

Root-finding in One Dimension

Numerical Integration

Maximum Likelihood Problems

Application

Exercises

14. Optimization 401

Introduction

One-dimensional Optimization

Maximum likelihood estimation with mle

Two-dimensional Optimization

The EM Algorithm

Linear Programming – The Simplex Method

Application

Exercises

15. Programming Topics

Introduction

Benchmarking: Comparing the Execution Time of Code

Profiling

Object Size, Attributes, and Equality

Finding Source Code

Linking C/C++ Code using Rcpp

Application

Exercises

Go from total MATLAB newbie to plotting graphs and solving equations in a flash! MATLAB is one of the most powerful and commonly used tools in the STEM field. But did you know it doesn't take an advanced degree or a ton of computer experience to learn it? MATLAB For Dummies is the roadmap you've been looking for to simplify and explain this feature-filled tool. This handy reference walks you through every step of the way as you learn the MATLAB language and environment inside-and-out. Starting with straightforward basics before moving on to more advanced material like Live Functions and Live Scripts, this easy-to-read guide shows you how to make your way around MATLAB with screenshots and newly updated procedures. It includes: A comprehensive introduction to installing MATLAB, using its interface, and creating and saving your first file Fully updated to include the 2020 and 2021 updates to MATLAB, with all-new screenshots and up-to-date procedures Enhanced debugging procedures and use of the Symbolic Math Toolbox Brand new instruction on working with Live Scripts and Live Functions, designing classes, creating apps, and building projects Intuitive walkthroughs for MATLAB's advanced features, including importing and exporting data and publishing your work Perfect for STEM students and new professionals ready to master one of the most powerful tools in the fields of engineering, mathematics, and computing, MATLAB For Dummies is the simplest way to go from complete newbie to power user faster than you would have thought possible.

While teaching the Numerical Methods for Engineers course over the last 15 years, the author found a need for a new textbook, one that was less elementary, provided applications and problems better suited for chemical engineers, and contained instruction in Visual Basic (R) for Applications (VBA). This led to six years of developing teaching notes that have been enhanced to create the current textbook, Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers Using Excel (R), VBA, and MATLAB (R). Focusing on Excel gives the advantage of it being generally available, since it is present on every computer-PC and Mac-that has Microsoft Office installed. The VBA programming environment comes with Excel and greatly enhances the capabilities of Excel spreadsheets. While there is no perfect programming system, teaching this combination offers knowledge in a widely available program that is commonly used (Excel) as well as a popular academic software package (MATLAB). Chapters cover nonlinear equations, Visual Basic, linear algebra, ordinary differential equations, regression analysis, partial differential equations, and mathematical programming methods. Each chapter contains examples that show in detail how a particular numerical method or programming methodology can be implemented in Excel and/or VBA (or MATLAB in chapter 10). Most of the examples and problems presented in the text are related to chemical and biomolecular engineering and cover a broad range of application areas including thermodynamics, fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, reaction kinetics, reactor design, process design, and process control. The chapters feature "Did You Know" boxes, used to remind readers of Excel features. They also contain end-of-chapter exercises, with solutions provided.

Many professional, high-quality surveys collect data on people's behaviour, experiences, lifestyles and attitudes. The data they produce is more accessible than ever before. This book provides students with a comprehensive introduction to using this data, as well as transactional data and big data sources, in their own research projects. Here you will find all you need to know about locating, accessing, preparing and analysing secondary data, along with step-by-step instructions for using IBM SPSS Statistics. You will learn how to: Create a robust research question and design that suits secondary analysis Locate, access and explore data online Understand data documentation Check and 'clean' secondary data Manage and analyse your data to produce meaningful results Replicate analyses of data in published articles and books Using case studies and video animations to illustrate each step of your research, this book provides you with the quantitative analysis skills you'll need to pass your course, complete your research project and compete in the job market. Exercises throughout the book and on the book's companion website give you an opportunity to practice, check your understanding and work hands on with real data as you're learning.

To write an accomplished program in the DATA step of SAS (R), programmers must understand programming logic and know how to implement and even create their own programming algorithm. Handbook of SAS (R) DATA Step Programming shows readers how best to manage and manipulate data by using the DATA step. The book helps novices avoid common mistakes resulting from a lack of understanding fundamental and unique SAS programming concepts. It explains that learning syntax does not solve all problems; rather, a thorough comprehension of SAS processing is needed for successful programming. The author also guides readers through a programming task. In most of the examples, the author first presents strategies and steps for solving the problem, then offers a solution, and finally gives a more detailed explanation of the solution. Understanding the DATA steps, particularly the program data vector (PDV), is critical to proper data manipulation and management in SAS. This book helps SAS programmers thoroughly grasp the concept of DATA step processing and write accurate programs in the DATA step. Numerous supporting materials, including data sets and programs used in the text, are available on the book's CRC Press web page.

*When R creates copies, and how it affects memory usage and code performance *Everything you could ever want to know about functions *The differences between calling and exiting handlers *How to employ functional programming to solve modular tasks *The motivation, mechanics, usage, and limitations of R's highly pragmatic S3 OO system *The R6 OO system, which is more like OO programming in other languages *The rules that R uses to parse and evaluate expressions *How to use metaprogramming to generate HTML or LaTeX with elegant R code *How to identify and resolve performance bottlenecks

Operational Assessment of IT presents ideas and concepts of optimization designed to improve an organization's business processes and assist business units in meeting organizational goals more effectively. Rather than focus on specific technologies, computing environments, enterprise risks, resource programs, or infrastructure, the book focuses on organizational processes. Throughout the book, the author presents concerns and environments encountered throughout his career to demonstrate issues and explain how you, too, can successfully implement the tools presented in the book. The assessment process reviews the economics as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the process. Whether your organization is profit-based, not-for-profit, or even governmental, you cannot provide services or products at a continuous loss. For an operational assessment to be of value, the ultimate goal must be to insure that the business unit process is effective and efficient and employs the financial assets and resources appropriately or helps the business unit make adjustments to improve the operation and use resources more efficiently and economically. After reading this book, you will be able to devise more efficient and economical ways to meet your customers' requirements, no matter who or where your customers are. You will learn that the goal of any process is to service or supply customers with what they want. The book provides tools and techniques that will assist you in gaining a 360-degree view of the process so that you can help the business unit improve the delivery of a quality product or a service to the customer.

The Official Intuit Guide to QuickBooks 2013 for Windows

Your bookkeeping workflow will be smoother and faster with QuickBooks 2013 for Windows, and as the program's Official Guide, this Missing Manual puts you firmly in control. You get step-by-step instructions on how and when to use specific features, along with basic accounting advice to guide you through the learning process.

The important stuff you need to know: Get started. Set up your accounts, customers, jobs, and invoice items quickly.Follow the money. Track everything from billable time and expenses to income and profit.Keep your company financially fit. Examine budgets and actual spending, income, inventory, assets, and liabilities.Spend less time on bookkeeping. Use QuickBooks to create and reuse bills, invoices, sales receipts, and timesheets.Find key info fast. Rely on QuickBooks' Search and Find features, as well as the Vendor, Customer, Inventory, and Employee Centers.Exchange data with other programs. Move data between QuickBooks, Microsoft Office, and other programs.

An accessible primer on how to create effective graphics from data This book provides students and researchers a hands-on introduction to the principles and practice of data visualization. It explains what makes some graphs succeed while others fail, how to make high-quality figures from data using powerful and reproducible methods, and how to think about data visualization in an honest and effective way. Data Visualization builds the reader's expertise in ggplot2, a versatile visualization library for the R programming language. Through a series of worked examples, this accessible primer then demonstrates how to create plots piece by piece, beginning with summaries of single variables and moving on to more complex graphics. Topics include plotting continuous and categorical variables; layering information on graphics; producing effective "small multiple" plots; grouping, summarizing, and transforming data for plotting; creating maps; working with the output of statistical models; and refining plots to make them more comprehensible. Effective graphics are essential to communicating ideas and a great way to better understand data. This book provides the practical skills students and practitioners need to visualize quantitative data and get the most out of their research findings. Provides hands-on instruction using R and ggplot2 Shows how the "tidyverse" of data analysis tools makes working with R easier and more consistent Includes a library of data sets, code, and functions

Complex Survey Data Analysis with SAS (R) is an invaluable resource for applied researchers analyzing data generated from a sample design involving any combination of stratification, clustering, unequal weights, or finite population correction factors. After clearly explaining how the presence of these features can invalidate the assumptions underlying most traditional statistical techniques, this book equips readers with the knowledge to confidently account for them during the estimation and inference process by employing the SURVEY family of SAS/STAT (R) procedures. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Drawing random samples Descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical variables Fitting and interpreting linear and logistic regression models Survival analysis Domain estimation Replication variance estimation methods Weight adjustment and imputation methods for handling missing data The easy-to-follow examples are drawn from real-world survey data sets spanning multiple disciplines, all of which can be downloaded for free along with syntax files from the author's website: http://mason.gmu.edu/~tlewis18/. While other books may touch on some of the same issues and nuances of complex survey data analysis, none features SAS exclusively and as exhaustively. Another unique aspect of this book is its abundance of handy workarounds for certain techniques not yet supported as of SAS Version 9.4, such as the ratio estimator for a total and the bootstrap for variance estimation. Taylor H. Lewis is a PhD graduate of the Joint Program in Survey Methodology at the University of Maryland, College Park, and an adjunct professor in the George Mason University Department of Statistics. An avid SAS user for 15 years, he is a SAS Certified Advanced programmer and a nationally recognized SAS educator who has produced dozens of papers and workshops illustrating how to efficiently and effectively conduct statistical analyses using SAS.

SugarCRM is an innovative customer relationship management software solution that enhances your company's marketing effectiveness, drives sales performance, improves customer satisfaction, and provides executive insight into business performance. "SugarCRM For Dummies" will show you to take advantage of this free, open source CRM application to boost your sales and please your customers.

This guide helps you choose the flavor of Sugar you need, acquire and deploy it, set up accounts and contacts, and organize your day. You'll first learn how to install SugarCRM, customize user preferences, create databases, and import contacts from other software. Next, you'll discover how to extend SugarCRM's capabilities to meet needs unique to your business. You'll also find out how to: Schedule appointments, link them to records and notes, and organize your sales opportunitiesBuild campaigns, track their success, and grow your contact list with Web-to-lead formsManage customer issues and forums to exterminate software bugsSend e-newsletters and automate customer e-mail communication with templatesTake advantage of a complete recipe book for SugarCRM administratorsImprove sales performance with SugarCRMProvide great service to your customersDevelop searchable libraries and FAQsCreate and share documents

"SugarCRM For Dummies" will get you quickly up to speed on this customer relationship management software so you can enhance your business.

Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

The book deals with functions of many variables: differentiation and integration, extrema with a number of digressions to related subjects such as curves, surfaces and Morse theory. The background needed for understanding the examples and how to compute in Mathematica (R) will also be discussed.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2019, held in Durham, UK, in July 2019. The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. In addition, this volume includes 7 invited papers. The conference CiE 2018 had the following six special sessions: computational neuroscience, history and philosophy of computing, lowness notions in computability, probabilistic programming and higher-order computation, smoothed and probabilistic analysis of algorithms, and transnite computations.

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, ISMM 2019, held in Saarbrucken, Germany, in July 2019. The 40 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Theory, Discrete Topology and Tomography, Trees and Hierarchies, Multivariate Morphology, Computational Morphology, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Applications in Engineering, and Applications in (Bio)medical Imaging.

This book presents fundamentals in MATLAB programming, including data and statement structures, control structures, function writing and bugging in MATLAB programming, followed by the presentations of algebraic computation, transcendental function evaluations and data processing. Advanced topics such as MATLAB interfacing, object-oriented programming and graphical user interface design are also addressed.

This textbook provides a step-by-step introduction to the class of vine copulas, their statistical inference and applications. It focuses on statistical estimation and selection methods for vine copulas in data applications. These flexible copula models can successfully accommodate any form of tail dependence and are vital to many applications in finance, insurance, hydrology, marketing, engineering, chemistry, aviation, climatology and health. The book explains the pair-copula construction principles underlying these statistical models and discusses how to perform model selection and inference. It also derives simulation algorithms and presents real-world examples to illustrate the methodological concepts. The book includes numerous exercises that facilitate and deepen readers' understanding, and demonstrates how the R package VineCopula can be used to explore and build statistical dependence models from scratch. In closing, the book provides insights into recent developments and open research questions in vine copula based modeling. The book is intended for students as well as statisticians, data analysts and any other quantitatively oriented researchers who are new to the field of vine copulas. Accordingly, it provides the necessary background in multivariate statistics and copula theory for exploratory data tools, so that readers only need a basic grasp of statistics and probability.

Cyber-solutions to real-world business problems Artificial Intelligence in Practice is a fascinating look into how companies use AI and machine learning to solve problems. Presenting 50 case studies of actual situations, this book demonstrates practical applications to issues faced by businesses around the globe. The rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence has expanded beyond research labs and computer science departments and made its way into the mainstream business environment. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are cited as the most important modern business trends to drive success. It is used in areas ranging from banking and finance to social media and marketing. This technology continues to provide innovative solutions to businesses of all sizes, sectors and industries. This engaging and topical book explores a wide range of cases illustrating how businesses use AI to boost performance, drive efficiency, analyse market preferences and many others. Best-selling author and renowned AI expert Bernard Marr reveals how machine learning technology is transforming the way companies conduct business. This detailed examination provides an overview of each company, describes the specific problem and explains how AI facilitates resolution. Each case study provides a comprehensive overview, including some technical details as well as key learning summaries: Understand how specific business problems are addressed by innovative machine learning methods Explore how current artificial intelligence applications improve performance and increase efficiency in various situations Expand your knowledge of recent AI advancements in technology Gain insight on the future of AI and its increasing role in business and industry Artificial Intelligence in Practice: How 50 Successful Companies Used Artificial Intelligence to Solve Problems is an insightful and informative exploration of the transformative power of technology in 21st century commerce.

A computer algebra system such as Mathematica (R) is able to do much more than just numerics: This text shows how to tackle real mathematical problems from basic analysis. The reader learns how Mathematica (R) represents domains, qualifiers and limits to implement actual proofs - a requirement to unlock the huge potential of Mathematica (R) for a variety of applications.

Multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods are illustrated in this book through theoretical and computational techniques utilizing Python. Existing methods are presented in detail with a step by step learning approach. Theoretical background is given for TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, SIR, AHP, goal programming, and their variations. Comprehensive numerical examples are also discussed for each method in conjunction with easy to follow Python code. Extensions to multiple criteria decision making algorithms such as fuzzy number theory and group decision making are introduced and implemented through Python as well. Readers will learn how to implement and use each method based on the problem, the available data, the stakeholders involved, and the various requirements needed. Focusing on the practical aspects of the multiple criteria decision making methodologies, this book is designed for researchers, practitioners and advanced graduate students in the applied mathematics, information systems, operations research and business administration disciplines, as well as other engineers and scientists oriented in interdisciplinary research. Readers will greatly benefit from this book by learning and applying various MCDM/A methods. (Adiel Teixeira de Almeida, CDSID-Center for Decision System and Information Development, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil) Promoting the development and application of multicriteria decision aid is essential to ensure more ethical and sustainable decisions. This book is a great contribution to this objective. It is a perfect blend of theory and practice, providing potential users and researchers with the theoretical bases of some of the best-known methods as well as with the computing tools needed to practice, to compare and to put these methods to use. (Jean-Pierre Brans, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium) This book is intended for researchers, practitioners and students alike in decision support who wish to familiarize themselves quickly and efficiently with multicriteria decision aiding algorithms. The proposed approach is original, as it presents a selection of methods from the theory to the practical implementation in Python, including a detailed example. This will certainly facilitate the learning of these techniques, and contribute to their effective dissemination in applications. (Patrick Meyer, IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, Univ. Bretagne Loire, Brest, France)

This book introduces recently developed mixed finite element methods for large-scale geophysical flows that preserve essential numerical properties for accurate simulations. The methods are presented using standard models of atmospheric flows and are implemented using the Firedrake finite element library. Examples guide the reader through problem formulation, discretisation, and automated implementation. The so-called "compatible" finite element methods possess key numerical properties which are crucial for real-world operational weather and climate prediction. The authors summarise the theory and practical implications of these methods for model problems, introducing the reader to the Firedrake package and providing open-source implementations for all the examples covered. Students and researchers with engineering, physics, mathematics, or computer science backgrounds will benefit from this book. Those readers who are less familiar with the topic are provided with an overview of geophysical fluid dynamics.

This book of peer-reviewed contributions presents the latest findings in classification, statistical learning, data analysis and related areas, including supervised and unsupervised classification, clustering, statistical analysis of mixed-type data, big data analysis, statistical modeling, graphical models and social networks. It covers both methodological aspects as well as applications to a wide range of fields such as economics, architecture, medicine, data management, consumer behavior and the gender gap. In addition, it describes the basic features of the software behind the data analysis results, and provides links to the corresponding codes and data sets where necessary. This book is intended for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the latest developments and applications in the field of data analysis and classification. It gathers selected and peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 11th Scientific Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG 2017), held in Milan, Italy, on September 13-15, 2017.