This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Cecelia E. Schmalbach and Kelly M. Malloy, is dedicated to Head and Neck Cutaneous Cancer. This issue is one of six selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Cutaneous cancer rates are growing at epidemic proportions and consequently lead to a significant health care burden. This issue opens with an overview of the related biology, epidemiology, and preventative measures. A contemporary review of cutaneous cancer management will be provided to include the roles of sentinel node biopsy, surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. Cutaneous cancers impact the geriatric patient population, so ethical considerations and non-surgical management are emphasized.

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, Guest Edited by Drs. M. Boyd Gillespie and William R. Ryan, is devoted to Modern Approach to the Salivary Glands. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Articles in this important issue include: Practical Salivary Ultrasound Imaging Tips and Pearls, Indications for Facial Nerve Monitoring, IgG4-related disorders, In-Office Sialendoscopy, Open Approaches to Stensen's Duct Stenosis, Transoral dissection of parapharyngeal space, Management of sialocele, Stone Management without Scopes, Management of parotidectomy defect, Cosmetic approaches for parotidectomy, Observation for benign parotid tumors, Management Options for Sialadenosis, Molecular Markers that Matter in Salivary Malignancy, Minor salivary gland carcinoma management, and Extent and indications for elective and therapeutic neck dissection for salivary carcinoma.

Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing, Sixth Edition provides a solid foundation in anatomical and physiological principles relevant to communication sciences and disorders. This bestselling textbook beloved by instructors and students integrates clinical information with everyday experiences to reveal how anatomy and physiology relate to the speech, language, and hearing systems. Combining comprehensive coverage with abundant, beautiful full-color illustrations and a strong practical focus, the text makes complex material approachable even for students with little or no background in anatomy and physiology. Unlike other texts, this book features numerous anatomical illustrations but also photos of real specimens. Thoroughly updated to reflect current trends, techniques, and best practices, this new edition of is supported by innovative ANAQUEST study software offers students further interactive learning via lessons and interactive quizzes, and other resources to help students of all learning styles master the material and prepare for professional licensing exams. The text includes numerous full-color anatomical images to help students form a clear, accurate understanding of the classical framework of the speech, language, and hearing systems. Photographs provide a real-life look at the body parts and functions you are studying. Use these images as reference for accuracy in describing body systems, parts, and processes. Allow yourself to be amazed by the intricacies of human anatomy! ANAQUEST provides on-the-go learning, with animation lessons, simulations, interactive quizzes, and updates to content. New to the Sixth Edition Updated and expanded information on the physiology of swallowing that includes discussion of orofacial-myofunctional disorders and other swallowing dysfunction arising from physical etiologies. More physiology content, including an introduction to the effects of pathology on communication within each of the physical systems of communication. Many new photographs of specimens have been added, with a focus on a clear and accurate understanding of the classical framework of the speech, language, and hearing systems. Clinical Notes boxes link anatomy and physiology with disorders seen by speech-language pathologists and audiologists to provide real-world clinical applications for students. The ANAQUEST study software (formerly called Anatesse) is now accessible on a PluralPlus companion website. The software now includes ten video lab experiences narrated by new contributor, Katrina Rhett, an anatomist and lecturer in the Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University. The authors have also added three-dimensional views with animations that explore the important processes of hearing, phonation, respiration, swallowing, and more.

This book provides a vividly illustrated description of a wide range of soft tissue injuries of the head and neck and their treatment, which forms part of the workload of both Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Cranio –Maxillofacial Surgery. Other medical and surgical disciplines are also involved, though to a lesser extent. It clarifies many topics, including the general principles of wound management, the treatment of various soft tissue injuries, burns, and wound healing disturbances.This book is intended for interns, residents and fellows of Plastic Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery as well as surgeons and physicians of other disciplines dealing with soft tissue trauma of the head and neck. It may also prove useful to theatre and A & E nurses as well as medical students with interests in head and neck traumatology. 

Sign Languages: Structures and Contexts provides a succinct summary of major findings in the linguistic study of natural sign languages. Focusing on American Sign Language (ASL), this book: offers a comprehensive introduction to the basic grammatical components of phonology, morphology, and syntax with examples and illustrations; demonstrates how sign languages are acquired by Deaf children with varying degrees of input during early development, including no input where children create a language of their own; discusses the contexts of sign languages, including how different varieties are formed and used, attitudes towards sign languages, and how language planning affects language use; is accompanied by e-resources, which host links to video clips. Offering an engaging and accessible introduction to sign languages, this book is essential reading for students studying this topic for the first time with little or no background in linguistics.

Developments in the field of hearing health care have been significant over the last five years. This complete revision of Deafness reflects these changes and is not only an updating of the previous information but also adds new areas such as social aspects of deafness and mental health and deafness. The book maintains its original aim to be targeted at a wide range of readers who have a need for information on deafness. It will provide easily digested information for a wide range of professionals who have no experience in the field as well as for lay people such as parents of deaf children and deaf people themselves. As it covers a very wide range of topics in one volume it will also serve as an initial reference work for professionals already working with deaf and hard of hearing people. The 27 chapters are written by experts currently practising in their respective subjects. The chapters describe the nature and number of people with hearing loss, the anatomy and physiology of the ear, causes of deafness and their treatment, the measurement of hearing and screening for hearing loss, hearing loss in children and its diagnosis treatment and management, the effects of ageing and noise on hearing, psychological and psychiatric aspects of deafness, hearing aids and assistive devices, cochlear and other implanted devices.

Emphasis is given to practical skills such as the ability to interpret audiograms to support therapy and referral decisions, and the subjective checking and troubleshooting of hearing aids. Symbols and terms appropriate to UK, Australian and USA clinicians are given throughout.

"Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach" provides a broad account of tinnitus and hyperacusis, detailing the latest research and developments in clinical management, incorporating insights from audiology, otology, psychology, psychiatry and auditory neuroscience. It promotes a collaborative approach to treatment that will benefit patients and clinicians alike.

The 2nd edition has been thoroughly updated and revised in line with the very latest developments in the field. The book contains 40% new material including two brand new chapters on neurophysiological models of tinnitus and emerging treatments; and the addition of a glossary as well as appendices detailing treatment protocols for use in an audiology and psychology context respectively.

Point of Care Ultrasound Made Easy (POCUSME) is an exciting and innovative book that aims to teach all healthcare professionals how to do simple and clinically relevant ultrasound scanning at the point of care. This book will help you solve clinical problems at the bedside across a range of specialty areas, including: trauma, emergency medicine, respiratory medicine, cardiology, general surgery, otolaryngology and vascular surgery. Straightforward and practical, and designed for clinicians who are generally unfamiliar with ultrasound scanning, it will make a positive difference to your clinical practice, and help improve the delivery of optimised patient care. So read the book, grab an ultrasound machine, and please embrace the Point of Care Ultrasound movement!

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series (R) has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. ENT Secrets, 5th Edition, offers practical, up-to-date coverage of the full range of essential topics in this dynamic field. This highly regarded resource features the Secrets' popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style - making inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. The proven Secrets Series (R) format gives you the most return for your time - succinct, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Coverage includes the full range of topics in otolaryngology, from basic science to obstructive sleep apnea to the aging neck and face. New chapters cover pharyngitis and laryngitis, evaluation of hearing, hearing loss and ototoxicity, and cochlear implants. Fully revised and updated, including protocols and guidelines that are continuously evolving and that increasingly dictate best practices. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. Bulleted lists, mnemonics, practical tips from global leaders in the field - all providing a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

The most comprehensive, multi-disciplinary text in the field, Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 7th Edition, provides detailed, practical answers and easily accessible clinical content on the complex issues that arise for otolaryngologists at all levels, across all subspecialties. This award-winning text is a one-stop reference for all stages of your career-from residency and board certification through the challenges faced in daily clinical practice. Updated content, new otology editor Dr. Howard W. Francis, and new chapters and videos ensure that this 7th Edition remains the definitive reference in today's otolaryngology. Brings you up to date with the latest minimally invasive procedures, recent changes in rhinology, and new techniques and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes. Contains 12 new chapters, including Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Facial Pain, Geriatric Otology, Middle Ear Endoscopic Surgery, Pediatric Speech Disorders, Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, Tongue-Ties and Lip Ties, Laryngotracheal Clefts, and more. Covers recent advances and new approaches such as the Draf III procedure for CRS affecting the frontal recess, endoscopic vidian and posterior nasal neurectomy for non-allergic rhinitis, and endoscopic approaches for sinonasal and orbital tumors, both extra- and intraconal. Provides access to 70 key indicator (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Key Indicator Procedures), and surgical videos - an increase of 43% over the previous edition. Offers outstanding visual support with 4,000 high-quality images and hundreds of quick-reference tables and boxes. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book presents a broad range of perspectives on the topic of CPAP adherence. This includes theoretical underpinnings of adherence; multi-disciplinary practical approaches as well as special considerations in diverse clinical populations, age groups and cultures by authors from five continents. CPAP Adherence is a novel and highly relevant publication for sleep physicians, psychologists, dentists, respiratory therapists, sleep technicians, family physicians as well as PAP and oral appliance providers. This book will help improve patient care and quality of life.

This book is an introduction to audiology for those who have little or no knowledge of the subject. It introduces basic aspects of audiology in a clear and accessible way. This initial knowledge is then developed to a depth which allows the reader to access more specialised journals and textbooks.

Culturally Responsive Practices in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Second Edition provides an innovative perspective on cultural competence in the field of communication sciences and disorders. It is imperative for clinicians and scientists to be aware of diverse aspects of globalization: how these aspects may affect their own knowledge, strengths, biases, and interventions, as well as the relationships between the communities, families, and individuals with whom they partner in care. The purpose of this essential textbook is to facilitate the creation of knowledge and the development of attitudes and skills that lead to culturally responsive practices. The text presents a conceptual framework to guide readers toward cultural competence by becoming critically engaged users of culturally responsive and globally engaged practices. The text is focused on speech, language, and hearing, but also draws from theoretical frameworks in other disciplines for an interprofessional, transdisciplinary, and macro practice perspective, and is appropriate for other allied health professions. This information will help students and professionals build their own conceptual framework for providing culturally and linguistically responsive services and engaging with others globally. New to the Second Edition: * Reorganized chapters and text for a greater flow of information. * Updated throughout to reflect the current state of research. * A thoroughly revised chapter on Culturally Responsive Practices using a Human Rights Approach through a Social Justice Lens (Chapter 4) * Material on Culture and Hearing (Chapter 6) has been updated and expanded * Key terms are now bolded throughout the text. * Content has been edited to be more concise for increased readability and comprehension. * New reflection focus with thought cloud graphic noted to target these areas throughout the book. Key Features: * Case studies to facilitate students' and professionals' knowledge and skills regarding culturally and linguistically responsive practices * Journal prompts and discussion questions that challenge individuals to use critical and dialectical thinking * Real-life activities that can be completed inside or outside the classroom or therapeutic setting * Suggested readings from the current literature in cultural and linguistic responsiveness, cultural competence, and global engagement in order to build knowledge and skills, and to influence student attitudes * A PluralPlus companion website with supplementary PowerPoint lecture slides, case studies, exercises, and activities for instructors, and study guides, flashcards, and additional readings for students.

Despite meticulous attention to details and expert technique, complications resulting from rhinologic procedures can occur during one's professional career. This book discusses real-life complications and why these unfortunate events occur, as well as how best to manage the consequent issues. The text also provides thoughtful strategies to prevent such situations going forward. The book is organized as a series of case-based chapters, each illustrating a complication involving the orbit, the skull base, unexpected bleeding, poor healing, or those relating to intraoperative decision making, and how each was managed by the authors. Each chapter begins with bullet points highlighting key clinical pearls illustrated by that particular case. Written by leaders in the field with decades of experience in sino-nasal procedures, the analysis complements expert opinions with evidence-based published literature and shares experiences related to the most current techniques, devices, and instrumentation. Every otolaryngologist practicing rhinologic procedures will appreciate the candid nature of the discussion and will find enrichment in this shared wisdom. Lessons Learned from Rhinologic Procedure Complications: A Case-Based Review serves practitioners of general otolaryngology as well as resident trainees in this field, explaining how best to identify, diagnose, and resolve a complication during rhinology procedures.

"James Jerger: A Life in Audiology" captures the author's extraordinary career in audiology spanning more than 60 years, and provides a compelling picture of a life dedicated to the understanding of hearing. It is a personal account of his positive clinical and research achievements and lessons learned as a student, professor, clinician, scientist, colleague, and mentor.The profession of audiology is young, and Dr. Jerger is a true pioneer in the field. He is known as the "Founding Father" of the American Academy of Audiology and its first president in 1989. He served as editor-in-chief of the Journal of the American Academy of Audiology from its inception in 1989 until 2011. He has received numerous professional awards for his work in all aspects of the field of audiology, the growth of which he witnessed and steered.From his early years, to graduate school, and throughout his illustrious academic career at Northwestern University, Gallaudet University, The Houston Speech and Hearing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, and The University of Texas at Dallas, and stories from scholarly international travels, Jerger shares some of his favorite memories, unique experiences, and special people that have enriched his life both personally and professionally. Told with warmth, humor, and humility, Jerger weaves into his memoir the importance of challenging the status quo and exploring the road less travelled, which is sure to inspire the up-and-coming audiologists of today."James Jerger: A Life in Audiology" is a unique and engaging account of an inspiring scholar's remarkable career and profound affect his work has had on the field of audiology. It is a must-read for anyone interested in audiology and hearing health care.

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea is amongst the most common forms of hearing loss in the developed world and affects approximately 70f the population. Over the last 20 years there has been a revolution in our understanding of the mechanisms of sound analysis in the normal cochlea. The mechanisms associated with cochlear hearing loss are also better understood as a result. Most advances in understanding, however, have been related to physiological mechanisms.

Cochlear Hearing Loss, 2e focuses on the perceptual changes in hearing associated with cochlear hearing loss and relates those to the underlying physiological mechanisms. The book provides a theoretical framework for understanding and interpreting the perceptual changes in hearing experienced by sufferers so that readers will understand not just what happens, but also why it happens. A discussion of the limitations and benefits of hearing aids is also provided, along with an overview of digital hearing aids.

Topics discussed within Cochlear Hearing Loss, 2e include: the physiology of the peripheral auditory system; absolute thresholds; frequency selectivity and masking; loudness, pitch and speech perception; sound localisation and binaural processing; signal processing in hearing aids, and methods of adjusting hearing aids to suit the individual.

"This revised and substantially updated 2nd edition contains essential reading for audiologists, hearing-aid dispensers, hearing-aid acousticians, researchers in hearing science, otologists, ENT specialists and students in related disciplines."

Early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) is the gold standard for any practising audiologist, and for families of infants and children with hearing impairment. EHDI programmes aim to identify, diagnose and provide intervention to children with hearing impairment from as early as six months old (as well as those at risk for hearing impairment) to ensure they develop and achieve to their potential. Yet EHDI remains a significant challenge for Africa, and various initiatives are in place to address this gap in transferring policy into practice within the southern African context. The diversity of factors in the southern African context presents unique challenges to teaching and research in this field, which has prompted this book project. The South African government's heightened focus on increasing access to health care which includes ongoing Early Childhood Development (ECD) programmes, make this an opportune time for establishing and documenting evidence-based research for current undergraduate and postgraduate students. Early Detection and Intervention in Audiology: An African Perspective aims to address this opportunity. Grounded in an African context with detailed case studies, this book provides rich content that pays careful attention to contextual relevance and contextual responsiveness to both identification and intervention in hearing impairment. With diverse contributions from experts in local and international contexts, but always with an African perspective, this is textbook will be an invaluable resource for students, researchers and practitioners.

The Diploma in Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (DOHNS) is now an intercollegiate examination, and can count towards membership of one of the surgical colleges of Great Britain. The DOHNS has evolved to fit its new role, leaving little up-to-date material available for candidates preparing for the written component. This book by former DOHNS candidates meets that need, focusing on topics that are likely to be examined. Each answer is accompanied by an explanation using current evidence-based research wherever possible. This will be an essential revision text for all DOHNS candidates. 'Applicable to medical students and trainee doctors in general practice as well as ENT and related head and neck disciplines such as neurology and neurosurgery. Each question is followed by the correct answer and clear and concise explanation. Indeed, it is the quality of this additional information that makes this book stand out from its competitors. It provides the student with experience and examination technique in answering these questions, but additionally it is a teaching volume in its own right. It is a credit to its enthusiastic and very competent young teachers in its content, design and clarity, and is another excellent contribution to our thriving specialty.' - from the Foreword by David Howard

"Cochlear Implants: A Practical Guide," edited by Huw Cooper, was an essential text for all those involved in audiology and related professions. The first edition of this book was published in 1991 and a second edition has been long awaited. The new edition of this popular book has undergone a complete revision and includes contributions from an international collection of authors, many of whom are the world leaders in their specialist areas.

This comprehensive text covers all aspects of this rapidly developing field, from implant design, speech processing strategies, assessment and rehabilitation of children and adults to developments of the future. The chapters written by implant users and their parents give a fascinating insight into the experience of hearing again with a cochlear implant. Containing twenty chapters, there is something of relevance and interest to all professionals involved in working with the deaf, students and non-professionals with an interest in deafness.

Tinnitus and sound disorder case studies provide invaluable guidance on enhancing quality and scope of patient care Tinnitus affects nearly one in 10 people around the world and tinnitus-related disabilities are considered among the most common chronic conditions reported. Historically, many patients with these conditions have been ignored, misunderstood, or misguided by medical, audiological, and/or online communities. Tinnitus and Sound Sensitivity Casebook by renowned audiologists and educators Suzanne H. Kimball and Marc Fagelson provides evidence-based strategies for clinical management of patients with tinnitus as well as sound intolerance disorders, based on a diverse array of case studies drawn from clinics. The book is divided into three sections and 29 chapters, with insightful clinical pearls from 24 multidisciplinary authors. The first section includes 15 cases on a full spectrum of underlying medical conditions, patterns of occurrence, and tinnitus with normal hearing, followed by two cases covering hyperacusis associated with an acoustic shock and diplacusis. Section two details psychological correlates for tinnitus and disorders of sound intolerance, with practical treatment strategies and coping skills for misophonia, fear hyperacusis, hyponatremia, pediatric cases, psychogenic tinnitus and dizziness, and PTSD. The final section, "Additional Considerations," includes two areas of practice currently growing in importance: patients with COVID who notice hearing changes and the co-occurrence of sound intolerance with normal pure-tone thresholds. Key Highlights Background, references, and examples of specific conditions and interventions support audiology's scope while providing options for the practitioner who works with an otherwise underserved patient population Each case study demonstrates the complexity of audiologic rehabilitation associated with tinnitus and disorders of sound tolerance, including challenging and unsuccessful outcomes Clinical history, test results, diagnosis, outcomes, questions, answers, items to support both patient and clinician self-efficacy, and key points enhance acquisition of knowledge, while encouraging problem-solving skills This is an important textbook for every graduate course in the area of clinical audiologic practice that addresses patient management related to tinnitus and sound tolerance. It is also a must-have reference for practicing clinicians to improve management and outcomes of patients with tinnitus, hyperacusis, and misophonia. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: From Etiology to Clinical Practice discusses NPC from basic science, to clinical management through the perspective of members of the Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research in Hong Kong. It encompasses not only the most detailed information about multiple aspects of NPC, but also the modern day research model of scientist-clinician collaboration, focusing on bench-to-bedside approach. Basic science is covered, discussing genetics and genomics in NPC and its epidemiology and the role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Translational research is also covered, presenting topics such as animal models, plasma EBV DNA, molecular imaging and immunotherapy, amongst other topics. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, medical oncologists and several members of the biomedical field who are interested in learning more about NPC management from both clinical and research perspectives.

Offering up-to-date, multidisciplinary coverage of this nuanced and evolving field, Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and diagnosis, as well as the medical and surgical management options, for all causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. It covers all aspects of CSF leaks, synthesizing current knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, perioperative care, and operative techniques for this complex group of patients. Leading experts in otolaryngology and neurosurgery, as well as ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology, provide detailed coverage of the distinctions between management of patients with differing etiologies of CSF rhinorrhea, including spontaneous, traumatic/iatrogenic, and tumor-related. Focuses exclusively on the comprehensive evaluation, and management of patients presenting with CSF leaks from the anterior cranial base, offering a reliable, one-stop resource for experienced clinicians as well as those in training. Covers the full breadth of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, with expert discussion of spontaneous CSF leaks, including evolving management techniques for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension; traumatic CSF leaks, including advanced management of complex anterior cranial base trauma; and up-to-date techniques for intraoperative skull base reconstruction after tumor resection. Includes tips and pearls on surgical approaches and postoperative management strategies for this complex and varied patient population. Features abundant high-definition images of anatomy, radiographic imaging, and intraoperative techniques, as well as videos that highlight intraoperative techniques in patients with spontaneous, traumatic, and tumor-related CSF leaks. Provides a detailed review of the different laboratory, examination (endoscopic nasal, as well as ophthalmologic) and imaging studies used to evaluate patients with CSF leaks. Discusses the evaluation and growing medical and procedural management options for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Offers state-of-the-art reconstruction options for CSF leaks and complex skull base defects, ranging from the nasoseptal flap and beyond. Addresses the controversial role of lumbar drains in CSF leak management, as will new and upcoming technological advances in operating room instrumentation. An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Visual-Gestural Communication is a truly unique volume in non-language communication devoted to the study of universal gestures, facial expressions, body language, and pantomime. Readers develop the skill and confidence to interact -- sans shared language -- with individuals, such as someone who is deaf or hard of hearing, or who speaks a foreign language. The text and accompanying online resources feature a wealth of icebreakers, sequenced yet modular activities and assignments, as well as resources, student exercises, and teacher-guided tasks that explore aspects and amalgamations of nonverbal communication, theatre, and sign language. It is a tremendous resource for students of visual-gestural communication, sign language interpretation, American Sign Language (and other foreign sign languages), nonverbal communication, theatre, and performance studies, as well as community educators in deaf awareness and advocacy. In addition to the text's vital use in the theatrical arena, it is also applicable to teachers who wish to help their students maximize the use of their facial expressions, gestures, and body language as a prerequisite to learning ASL.

There are many books describing in detail the evaluation,diagnosis and management of OSA, but this is a first practical guide which comprehensively describes this condition. The incidence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea is on rise and this practical guide will help not just specialists but also residents and fellows in treating their patients with Obstructive sleep apnea. Essential information is summarized in the form of charts and surgical steps are summarized in the form of diagrammatic illustration making it easy for the learners.This book additionally would help the medical practitioners to get a practical insight in the management of patients .This book will describe each entity of sleep disordered breathing, evidence based protocols , diagnostic tools required for identifying , medical therapies that will help in appropriate patients, Devices that can be used for its management . This book will also describe on how to select patients for surgery and how tailor the surgery as per the anatomy of the patient.