This timely and compact monograph addresses how to determine drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier more effectively. Focusing on the physiological mechanisms that influence the passage of agents into the brain, the book covers the latest research on the blood-brain barrier, the current problems of and solutions to drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), existing strategies, and prospects for future research. Avoid excessive in vivo experimentation and utilize timesaving in vitro techniques. A concise reference with reviews from nearly 40 international specialists in diverse fields, The Blood-Brain Barrier and Drug Delivery to the CNS -assesses the properties of the blood-brain barrier to determine and measure drug permeability in animals and humans -presents techniques to predict successful drug uptake through in vitro systems or by computation of physicochemical parameters -examines the multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein as a natural transporter -analyzes current drug designs to known requirements for transport -looks at drug delivery systems for the brain -and much more! Densely packed with over 800 literature references, drawings, photographs, x-rays, tables, and equations, The Blood-Brain Barrier and Drug Delivery to the CNS is a vital addition to the bookshelves of biochemists, pharmacists, clinical and research pharmacologists, neuroscientists and neurologists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.

The human foetus is separated from the maternal blood by the syncytiotrophoblast induced by endogeneous human retrovirus-encoded proteins. This barrier is a highly developed one, which suppors apical-basolateral transport of maternal idiotype and anti-idiotype IgG, IgG-virus complexes. The selective maternal-fetal transport of epitope- and paratope-bearing entities can influence the developping fetal immune system during pregnancy. The bidirectional maternal-fetal transfer of cells are of even more importance during pregnancy. Maternal cells with latent viruses transport viruses without impairment of fetal development. Cells with premaligant and malignant genetic transformation are also transported to the fetus. Fetal and neonatal tumours are initiated by such cells in spite of the antitumour potential of fetal organism. On the contary, the fetal cells repair maternal tissue injouries and survive in the organisms of the recipients for decades. These possess new consequences for the neonatal immunity and organ transplatation surgery.

The screech of rubber against asphalt. And then the crash: a violent two-car collision resulting in a twisted mass of metal, plastic, and glass-and worse, the deaths of both drivers.

Accident reconstruction is but one phase of road traffic fatality (RTF) cases. Even as police officers draw their last diagram, interview their last witness, and reconstruct their final scenario, a different team of investigators works diligently on solving another puzzle: determining how the victims actually died.

Investigation of Road Traffic Fatalities: An Atlas covers the issues that face medical examiners and coroners in determining the nature and extent of RTF injuries as well as the cause, manner, and circumstances of death. Also ideal for medicolegal death investigators and law enforcement personnel who work with medical examiners and coroners during RTF investigations, this Atlas covers everything from "Typical road traffic fatality injuries" to "Injuries caused by safety/restraint devices" and "Autopsy and toxicology testing."

For anyone involved in RTF probes, Investigation of Road Traffic Fatalities: An Atlas is essential reading.

Biotin and Other Interferences in Immunoassays: A Concise Guide is aimed at clinical laboratory scientists, medical technologists and pathologists who are often the first individuals contacted by a clinician when a laboratory test result does not correlate with clinical presentation. Research scientists working in diagnostics companies will also find this information essential. Sources of errors in non-immunoassay based methods used in clinical chemistry and toxicology laboratory are also discussed so readers can get all important information from one concise guide. This succinct, user-friendly reference provides the necessary information to address high levels of biotin in clinical laboratory results.

This is the first critical edition and translation of the first Islamic medical work on fevers. Zad almusafir is perhaps the most influential handbook in the history of medical science, and Gerrit Bos's provides invaluable insight into the medical theory of Book Seven.

The Plasmodium spp. parasite was identified as the causative agent of malaria in 1880, and the mosquito was identified as the vector in 1897. Despite subsequent efforts focused on the epidemiology, cell biology, immunology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of malaria and the Plasmodium parasite, there is still no licensed vaccine for the prevention of malaria. Physical barriers (bed nets, window screens) and chemical prevention methods (insecticides and mosquito repellents) intended to interfere with the transmission of the disease are not highly effective, and the profile of resistance of the parasite to chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents is increasing. The dawn of the new millennium has seen a resurgence of interest in the disease by government and philanthropic organizations, but we are still faced with compl- ities of the parasite, the host, and the vector, and the interactions among them. Malaria Methods and Protocols offers a comprehensive collection of protocols describing conventional and state-of-the-art techniques for the study of malaria, as well as associated theory and potential problems, written by experts in the field. The major themes reflected here include assessing the risk of infection and severity of disease, laboratory models, diagnosis and typing, molecular biology techniques, immunological techniques, cell biology techniques, and field applications.

Guest edited by Drs Sarah Vossoughi and Brie Stotler, this issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine will cover several key areas of interest related to Pediatric Transfusion Medicine. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Dr. Milenko Tanasijevic. Articles in this issue include but are not limited to: Transfusion in the Pediatric Patient: Review of Evidence Based Guidelines, Transfusion in the Neonatal Patient: Review of Evidence Based Guidelines, Massive Transfusion in the Pediatric Patient, Pediatric Hemovigilance and Adverse Transfusion Reactions, Inventory Management and Product Selection in Pediatric Blood Banking, Evaluation and Management of Coagulopathies and Thrombophilias in the Pediatric Patient, Transfusion and Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies, Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn: Historical and Current State, Novel Blood Component Therapies in the Pediatric Setting, and more.

This concise, comprehensive guide is divided into two sections; nails and the skin. Each section includes information on the types of infections, aetiology, diagnostic procedures, such as sampling techniques, and therapy, including topical, systemic and adjunctive.

This definitive source provides practicing professionals and students in the occupational, environmental, and public health and safety fields with the functional basics of biological monitoring. The author examines how environmental exposures to particular chemicals are related to concentrations of markers in body tissues and fluids. Biological Monitoring integrates the applied sciences of industrial/environmental hygiene, epidemiology, public health, occupational medicine, toxicology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry with the basic sciences to interpret the connections between exposures and lifestyle/environmental influences, and their effects on humans. This comprehensive introduction provides dependable, detailed coverage of:

• monitoring for harmful substances in the workplace
• the benefits and limitations of testing for critical levels of toxic materials in bodily tissues and fluids
• state-of-the-art developments in biological monitoring
• a wide variety of toxic chemicals and selected physical agents
• immunoassays
• monitoring for HIV and AIDS
• importance of exposure routes
• the most up-to-date methods of health and medical surveillance
• the interpretation of adduct concentrations
• biological exposure indices
• biological monitoring of pesticides
• biological monitoring in the home and around hazardous waste sites
• and much more

In 2003, the word "coronavirus" spread across the globe, somewhat further than the virus that sparked the panic. In this book, expert researchers examine these devastating viruses through 23 state-of-the-art, widely applicable protocols with minute detail. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, the book serves as an ideal guide for all virologists and especially for those working with coronaviruses. Written by international experts, this book is relevant to a wide array of professions.

This book shows how the discipline of pathology fits into society and interfaces with science and medicine. It focuses on anatomical pathology and covers the practice of laboratory medicine in the clinical setting. The book is helpful for health professionals, especially anatomical pathologist.

These practical books written by members of the British Association of Medical Managers (BAMM) help clinical directors tackle their role as medical managers. They provide information and guidance, to enable their readers to benefit from the sharing of learning, good ideas and best practice. 'What is innovative about this series is the focus. Focused training is the norm. Yet the clinician in management makes do with generic management texts which, excellent as they may be, do not recognise the enormous diversity of today's NHS. Managing a pathology service is just not the same as managing a cardiac surgery service. This series is about providing help with the context and practicalities of managing directorates.' Peter Lees and Jenny Simpson in the Series Foreword Clinical Director of Pathology is for consultants considering taking up the role of clinical director, and those actually doing the job. It is also useful for laboratory business managers as an induction to pathology. It summarises the key management issues within pathology and is based on practical case studies rather than theoretical management concepts. It highlights a number of key areas that clinical directors of pathology should be tackling in order to maintain the quality and cost effectiveness of their service.

A human being consists of a mammalian component and a multiplicity of microbes, collectively referred to as the "microbiota" or "microbiome," with which it has a symbiotic relationship. The microbiota is comprised of a variety of communities, the composition of each being dependent on the body site it inhabits. This community variation arises because the numerous locations on a human being provide very different environments, each of which favors the establishment of a distinct microbial community. Each community consists of bacteria, fungi and viruses with, in some cases, archaea and/or protozoa. It is increasingly being recognized that the indigenous microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of its human host. However, changes in the overall composition of a microbial community at a body site, or an increase in the proportion of a particular species in that community, can result in disease or other adverse consequences for the host. The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Ecological and Community-Based Approach describes the nature of the various communities inhabiting humans as well as the important roles they play in human health and disease. It discusses techniques used to determine microbial community composition and features a chapter devoted to the many factors that underlie this mammalian-microbe symbiosis. Uniquely, the book adopts an ecological approach to examining the microbial community's composition at a particular body site and why certain factors can shift a community from a eubiotic to a dysbiotic state. The book is for undergraduates and postgraduates on courses with a module on the indigenous microbiota of humans. It will also be useful to scientists, clinicians, and others seeking information on the human microbiota and its role in health and disease.

Guide to Forensic Pathology provides a concise overview of forensic pathology to those who wish to know the basics but lack formal forensic training. Both fascinating and practical, this book explains everything from who the experts are in death investigation and what their roles are to how effective testimonies are presented in court. The importance of forensic DNA testing is emphasized with a separate section in this timely reference guide.

Anthropological contributions to the study of infectious disease and to the study of actual infectious disease eradication programmes have rarely been collected in one volume. In the era of AIDS and the global resurgance of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria, there is widespread interest and concern about the cultural, ecological and political factors that are directly related to the increased prevalence of infectious disease. In this book, the authors have assembled the growing scholarship in one volume. Chapters explore the coevolution of genes and cultural traits; the cultural construction of 'disease' and how these models influence health-seeking behaviour; cultural adaptive strategies to infectious disease problems; the ways in which ethnography sheds light on epidemiological patterns of infectious disease; the practical and ethical dilemmas that anthropologists face by participating in infectious disease programmes; and the political ecology of infectious disease.

Written by nearly 60 of the world's leading investigators in this rapidly expanding field, this state-of-the-art reference furnishes detailed presentations on the basic science and clinical aspects of cilia, mucus, and mucociliary interactions. Providing stimulating coverage of the latest information in a single source, Cilia, Mucus, and Mucociliary Interactions -discusses the genetic determinants of mucociliary system structure and function -explains ciliary wave activity in cell-cell communication -elucidates many of the key physiological processes in ciliary regulation -reveals possible means of treating irregularities in mucus secretion and clearance -improves understanding of clinical syndromes, including abnormalities pertaining to nasal sinuses, upper and lower airways, and the systemic role of cilia -approaches the clinical management of mucociliary dysfunction logically using currently available diagnostic and therapeutic techniques -and much more! Containing bibliographic citations, tables, equations, drawings, and photographs, this exhaustive guide is essential reading for physiologists, pulmonologists, otolaryngologists, pediatricians, microbiologists, basic scientists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.

Anthropological contributions to the study of infectious disease and to the study of actual infectious disease eradication programmes have rarely been collected in one volume. In the era of AIDS and the global resurgance of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria, there is widespread interest and concern about the cultural, ecological and political factors that are directly related to the increased prevalence of infectious disease. In this book, the authors have assembled the growing scholarship in one volume. Chapters explore the coevolution of genes and cultural traits; the cultural construction of 'disease' and how these models influence health-seeking behaviour; cultural adaptive strategies to infectious disease problems; the ways in which ethnography sheds light on epidemiological patterns of infectious disease; the practical and ethical dilemmas that anthropologists face by participating in infectious disease programmes; and the political ecology of infectious disease.

Though medically minor and very common, herpes simplex is a condition which is capable of causing considerable distress, for psychological and social as much as physical reasons. Herpes Simplex contrasts the image of the condition presented in the media with the medical and epidemiological evidence, and discusses ways in which the distress associated with the condition can be alleviated.
The first part of the book examines the impact of diagnosis and then explains the roles of accurate information and empathic support, medical treatment and support groups in learning to live with recurrent symptoms. Other chapters use the experiences of people with the condition in different parts of their bodies to illustrate how the meaning of herpes simplex and response to the symptoms alters in association with life changes. The final chapters review psychosocial research, discuss the importance of the Herpes Viruses Association in acquiring a store of knowledge about people's experiences, and highlight the significance of herpes simplex as a public health problem.
Herpes Simplex demonstrates the importance of a biopsychosocial approach. It will be invaluable to doctors, nurses and other health professionals, as well as to people troubled by the condition.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203137132

Discussing the systemic immune response in the contexts of health, disease, and therapy, this unique resource-the only broadly based book of its kind available on the subject-offers comprehensive examinations of the pathways and agents that affect the human immune response and provides state-of-the-art presentations on practical methods of immune modulation. Focuses on the immune response and modulation in infectious diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis, and parasitic infections and highlights immune modulating agents in gastrointestinal diseases, sepsis, cancer, and autoimmunity! Written by over 50 international authorities representing distinguished institutions in nine countries, Immune Modulating Agents -introduces basic immunoregulatory mechanisms as homeostasis -details cytokines, cellular and humoral immune responses, and hematopoiesis -describes neuroendocrine - immune system interactions and the role of psychological stress on immune competence -delineates factors that influence disease susceptibility, including nutrition -covers drug delivery systems, gene therapy, organ transplantation, arthritis treatment, and vaccination strategies -shows how to design clinical trials using immune modulating agents -and more!

This volume begins with a summary of the classical genetic studies and molecular genetic studies of the most common diseases, and indicates what makes them amenable to analysis and treatment. A range of possible future therapeutic options are discussed, from conventional drug targets through to gene therapy. The final chapters assess the value of diagnosis and prediction of the inheritance of various diseases.

This up-to-the-minute and comprehensive resource lucidly covers gene therapy for lung diseases from existing technologies delivering foreign DNA to the lungs via the airways or circulation to promising new approaches for the further development of safe and efficient gene delivery systems.

Advances in Parasitology is a series of up-to-date reviews of all areas of interest in contemporary parasitology. It includes medical studies on parasites of major influence, such as typanosomiasis and scabies, and more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy, and life history, which shape current thinking and applications.

A concise summary of vital information on drug targets and current therapy regimes for all of the major viral infections. The book brings together in a single volume aspects of antiviral therapy from diverse areas of research and practice, providing up-to-date coverage of recent developments. Starting from an overview of the history of antiviral chemotherapy, the book goes on to describe the development of drugs against HIV, herpesvirus, respiratory viruses, papillomaviruses and hepatitis virus infections. The drugs currently available are reviewed and possible therapies and drug targets for future prophylactic and therapeutic use are discussed.

This unique reference provides concise, single-source coverage of the clinical, research, and therapeutic aspects of dermatological problems associated with bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Introduces many novel antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral agents
Highlighting the molecular biology as well as risk - benefit ratios of new diagnostic and treatment modalities, Cutaneous Infection and Therapy
evaluates the role of antimicrobial soaps in personal hygiene and research on preoperative skin preparation and infection rates
discusses reasons for the reduced risk of infection using occlusive wound dressings
explains the epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of athlete's foot and fungal diseases of the scalp
presents new oral antifungals for the treatment of onychomycosis
examines the advantages and disadvantages of preparations to treat superficial fungal infections
addresses oral candidiasis in HIV infection and the resistance to antifungal therapy in AIDS patients
reviews the patterns of candidiasis in children and current approaches to antifungal therapy
covers the epidemiology, implications, and management of herpes in pregnant women and newborns
and much more

Molecular biology and genetics techniques now dominate viral research in attempts to cure diseases such as AIDS. Viral Genome Methods is a practical guide to the newest molecular techniques, providing step-by-step protocols to be used in the laboratory. Recognized authorities and pioneers in viral research pass on their expertise to you.