The consequences of childhood obesity are serious and far reaching, with both physical and psychological components that add to its complexity. Childhood Obesity: Contemporary Issues provides an up-to-date account of the increase of obesity in children, its causes, and its prevention. The expert editorial panel has chosen contributors with considerable practical and research experience. They explore why childhood obesity is so difficult to prevent and treat. Focusing less on clinical issues and more on environmental factors, the book brings together social, psychological, biological, and socio-biological approaches to the experience and problem of obesity. Delineating the scope and impact of childhood obesity, the book provides a unique view of the obese child. It examines the link between food intake and physical activity, which are the immediate determinants of energy balance, and discusses how to measure and assess them. The World Health Organization describes obesity as one of today's most blatantly visible - yet most neglected - public health problems. This book highlights obesity in children and discusses the need to develop multifactorial and multi-agency strategic plans to contain this epidemic.

Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment. All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut. The companion volume, Systems, provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity.

Health and well-being during adolescence depends largely on the fit between the young person's developmental needs and desires and opportunities provided by the changing context. In Health Risks and Developmental Transitions, prominent researchers in the adolescent field examine how various developmental transitions associated with the passage from childhood to adulthood provide risks and opportunities for adolescents' mental and physical health. Given the importance of adolescence in determining the course of health and well-being across the life span, efforts to ease the various transitions into and out of adolescence will yield long-term health benefits. By focusing on the link between health risks, developmental transitions, individual and contextual conditions and planned interventions that moderate the link, this interdisciplinary book provides the foundation for a unifying framework for research and application in health and human development.

We all know that as a nation our mental health is in crisis. But what most don't know is that a critical ingredient in this debate, and a crucial part of the solution - what we eat - is being ignored. Nutrition has more influence on what we feel, who we become and how we behave than we could ever have imagined. It affects everything from our decision-making to aggression and violence. Yet mental health disorders are overwhelmingly treated as 'mind' problems as if the physical brain - and how we feed it - is irrelevant. Someone suffering from depression is more likely to be asked about their relationship with their mother than their relationship with food. In this eye-opening and impassioned book, psychologist Kimberley Wilson draws on startling new research - as well as her own work in prisons, schools and hospitals around the country - to reveal the role of food and nutrients in brain development and mental health: from how the food a woman eats during pregnancy influences the size of her baby's brain, and hunger makes you mean; to how nutrient deficiencies change your personality. We must also recognise poor nutrition as a social injustice, with the poorest and most vulnerable being systematically ignored. We need to talk about what our food is doing to our brains. And we need decisive action, not over rehearsed soundbites and empty promises, from those in power - because if we don't, things can only get worse.

While the western world has only recently become enamored with the soybean, East Asia has been consuming and enjoying the associated health benefits of this versatile proteinaceous legume for centuries. The Japanese in particular have devoted much energy to unraveling the mysteries and revealing the science of this oil-rich bean. The Fuji Foundation for Protein Research was established to support soybean studies, which have resulted in a considerable amount of profound literature on the soy-wellness connection. Unfortunately for westerners, very little of this information has been presented in English. Soy in Health and Disease Prevention, edited by the highly distinguished Michihiro Sugano, brings the west up to speed on the latest findings concerning this common, yet most powerful health aid. Perhaps, the most authoritative book on the subject available in any language, Soy in Health and Disease Prevention presents the very latest health and nutrition research and findings available on soy products. Functional food experts from Japan, as well as other parts of the world,explore the action and diverse health effects of the common soybean. Included is the latest information with regard to soy's impact on * Cancer prevention * Immune system function * Osteoporosis * Atherosclerosis * Aging and longevity This book is essential reading for all researchers and students involved with the study and production of functional foods. Dr. Sugano who is the current director of the Fuji Foundation has published over 400 journal articles, as well as 80 book chapters. His primary area of research is in food functional factors, predominantly regulation of lipid metabolism.

Scientists, health professionals, and consumers are increasingly interested in the relationships between food components and food-drug combinations as they strive to find more effective ways to prevent or treat chronic disease. As one of the first unified and in-depth sources in this emerging topic, Food-Drug Synergy and Safety explores the vast potential benefits of food and food-drug synergy. The book addresses the interaction of two or more components within a single food, between several foods, or between foods and drugs consumed together, in which the potential health benefit is greater than the effect of the single component, food, or drug. Each chapter follows a consistent framework and addresses the health benefits, mechanisms of action, and safety aspects pertaining to the food and food-drug synergies. Sections discuss food and food-drug synergies in the context of specific disease groups, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, inflammatory diseases, hypertension, and obesity, for easy reference in a clinical setting. A separate section focuses entirely on performance enhancers, including caffeine, creatine, and ephedrine/ephedra, and their potential to influence human health in addition to ergogenic applications. The final section provides scientists with a framework for designing experiments that elucidate the heath benefits and safety aspects of food and food-drug synergies. Food-Drug Synergy and Safety lays the essential foundation in this new direction of research as it gains momentum in the fields of food, nutrition, medicine, and pharmaceutical sciences.

Including the latest reviews of the most current issues related to food and nutrition toxicity, Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 3 distills a wide range of research on food safety and food technology. Put together by a strong team with a wealth of broad experience, the continuation of this important new series includes contributions from the fields of medicine, public health, and environmental science. Topics covered in Volume Three include: MEG-related toxic, pathological, and etiological findings in the liver, stomach, blood, testes/uterus, kidneys, peritoneum, and skin Current information on pharmacokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of methyl mercury toxicity The limits set by various agencies for, and the possible effects of, exposure to Uranium via ingestion and inhalation Evidence that nutrition can modify PCB toxicity and its implications in numerous age-related diseases The most recent findings on oxysterols' toxic and pro-atherosclerotic effects and the use of antioxidants supplements to prevent their generation in foods Examples of published safety data, drug interactions, and problems with formulated products Potential dangers and benefits of genetically modified foods, moral and ethical issues, and benefit risk ratios Emerging issues in food contamination, recently-discovered contaminants, the increased use of genetically engineered crops, and their effects on children New views on the onset of celiac disease, its symptoms outside the gastrointestinal tract, and its diagnosis and management A timely compilation, the book sheds light on the most important issues in food safety today. It is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the food industry or academics researching food science and food technology.

This practical book suggests ways in which healthcare students and practitioners can develop their compassion strengths. Discussing what compassion is and means, it includes a new compassion strength model and a series of exercises the reader can use for reflecting on and developing their practice. A hallmark of healthcare practice is compassion, yet there is a lack of understanding as to what compassion is and how it can be developed in practice. The book begins with that challenge of defining compassion, particularly looking at healthcare contexts and making links between self-care and caring for others. It then presents a new, evidence-based holistic model that brings together key elements of compassion for self and other, along with a scale that readers can measure themselves against. Identifying eight strengths "self-care, connection, communication, competency, empathy, interpersonal skills, character and engagement" Durkin provides the theoretical background to each, accompanied with suggestions for practice and reflective activities. It ends with a selection of vignettes that readers can use to try out their strengths. Highlighting the concept of compassion strengths, and compassion as a way of being, this is an essential read for healthcare students and practitioners, whether involved in direct patient care or management.

First published in 1992, Quality and Regulation in Health Care employs socio-legal ideas concerning regulation to examine the methods used to influence the quality of health care in the US, UK, and Western Europe. Throughout the Western world, health care systems, both public and private, are grappling with the problems of assuring quality while containing costs. On the one hand, governments and insurers argue that there must be some limit to the apparently endless growth of health care expenditures. On the other, patient groups and consumer advocates, already dissatisfied by the problems in holding doctors accountable for their actions, protest that such limits must not result in sick people getting inferior treatment. This book examines in detail the debate surrounding the question: How can the professional expertise of the clinicians be reconciled with the preferences of their patients and the economic concerns of taxpayers or insurers? It will be essential reading for graduate and undergraduate courses in health policy, medical sociology, and health law.

Significant advancements in nutrition's impact on the eye have occurred faster than any volume can document... until now. This book gives the background and rationale regarding the physiological damage caused by biological oxidants as well as the rationale for the protective roles for nutrient-antioxidants and how they affect the risk for cataracts. This volume also contains information on how to quantitatively assess age-related diseases of the eye including cataracts and age-related maculopathy. Smoking and light exposure as factors for age-related eye diseases as well as the utility of potential anticataract pharmaceuticals is discussed.

Analyzes how the technology and commercial practices of cultivation affect the nutritive value of certain fish, molluscs, crustacea, and freshwater plants. Organized to reflect the sequence from growth, harvest, and capture, through transportation, storage, and processing, to packaging and distribut

This title was first published in 2001. This work is a uniquely multi-disciplinary contribution to the existing bioethical literature on the topic of informed choice of medical services. It is also the first comprehensive bioethical text to confront the central issue of power in the clinical encounter and to argue for statutory protection of the right to informed choice. While the majority of bioethicists argue for a conciliatory, rather than adversarial, approach to the chronic problem of uninformed consent, the author of this work argues that the external regulation of medicine is essential if the right to informed choice is to be protected. This argument is based upon an extensive review of the bioethical, legal, political, medical, sociological and philosophical literature, as well as a wide range of empirical and anecdotal evidence, evolving from a detailed exploration of power and the limits of rationality in the clinical encounter.

This book examines the relationship between social class and mental illness in Northern Europe during the 20th century. Contributors explore the socioeconomic status of mental patients, the possible influence of social class on the diagnoses and treatment they received in psychiatric institutions, and how social class affected the ways in which the problems of minorities, children and various 'deviants' and 'misfits' were evaluated and managed by mental health professionals. The basic message of the book is that, even in developing welfare states founded on social equality, social class has been a significant factor that has affected mental health in many different ways - and still does.

This book explores rhetorical ethos and its ongoing role in patients' credibility and in misdiagnoses stemming from gender, race and class-based biases. Drawing on the concept of ethos as a theoretical framework, it explores health and mental illness across different conditions and across different methodological approaches. Extending work on ethos in clinical encounters and public discourse about biomedicine and presenting new research on the rhetoric of mental health, stigma and mental illness, the book explores how bias in clinical settings can lead to symptoms labelled "in the patient's head" masking treatable medical problems. This notable contribution to the rhetoric of health and medicine will be of interest to all researchers and graduate students of rhetoric and composition studies, rhetoric of health and medicine, disability studies, medical humanities, communication, and psychology.

Fraudulent, harmful, or at best useless pharmaceutical and therapeutic approaches developed outside science-based medicine have boomed in recent years, especially due to the commercialisation of cyberspace. The latter has played a fundamental role in the rise of false 'health experts', and in the creation of filter bubbles and echo chambers that have contributed to the formation of highly polarised debates on non-science-based health practices-online as well as offline. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this edited book brings together contributions of international academics and practitioners from criminology, digital sociology, health psychology, medicine, law, physics, and journalism, where they critically analyse different types of non-science-based health approaches. With this volume, we aim to reconcile different scientific understandings of these practices, synthesising a variety of empirical, theoretical and interpretative approaches, and exploring the challenges, implications and potential remedies to the spread of dangerous and misleading health information. This edited book will offer some food for thought not only to students and academics in the social sciences, health psychology and medicine among other disciplines, but also to medical practitioners, science journalists, debunkers, policy makers and the general public, as they might all benefit from a greater awareness and critical knowledge of the harms caused by non-scientific health practices.

This handbook of nutrition and diet provides information on food nutrients and their functions; food safety and distribution; food composition, consumption and utilization; adequacy of diet; and the nutritional management of diseases and disorders. It also discusses the effects of nutrition and diet on diseases of the bones, teeth, hair, kidneys, liver and nervous system.

Containing all the new as well as classical methodologies used in the investigation of amino acid and protein metabolism in human and animal models, this book is needed because of the dramatic increase in research in this field. There is no other book currently on the market that covers these methods of investigation. Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism explores areas such as amino acid transfer across tissue membranes, past and new applications using stable isotopes, protein synthesis in organs and tissues, and more. Because of the importance of research methods in the field of amino acid and protein nutrition and metabolism, this book facilitates the reader's integration of the concepts involved in these investigative research methods and their corollaries. In addition to helping any nutrition investigator design and conduct appropriate research protocols in this area of nutrition, this book assists students who are planning to investigate amino acid and protein metabolism in humans or laboratory animals.

This book is the only single source of comprehensive information on malnutrition, a key point of focus for the dietetics field. This book will provide the reader with the knowledge required to diagnose and treat malnutrition in a variety of people in multiple care settings. Authored by clinical experts in malnutrition, each chapter will be written by nutrition professionals with expertise in different aspects on malnutrition.

Fully revised second edition. Includes glossary of key social work terms. Includes detailed discussions of the changes to the organisation of social work practice and education in the countries of the UK. In addition to this, there is greater international content. Covers the full range of social work, not just one group/type, with discussions of children, adults and the elderly over topics including immigration, people trafficking and refugees, protection, substance abuse and socially excluded groups.

Primarily intended for physicians and health care professionals who are treating obese patients, this book explores current and future options for drug treatment of obesity puts them into perspective against available alternative treatments. Distinguished scientists and clinical investigators provide reviews of each individual topic, covering a wide range of subjects from pathophysiology of obesity to the benefits of weight loss. The core sections on pharmacotherapy deal with currently available drugs and drugs in pre-clinical development, complemented with sections on non-drug treatment and general therapeutic aspects to provide an integrated view of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of obesity and its associated syndromes.

The ability to regulate and manipulate the generation or remodeling of blood vessels is key to the successful treatment of many chronic diseases, both oncological and non-oncological. Several bioactive compounds present in human diets are now known to exert an inhibitive effect on the either the signaling or construction of new blood vessels. The identification and characterization of these anti-angiogenic molecules opens a new avenue for the research and production of functional and medicinal foods with far reaching implications for the food-based treatment of chronic degenerative disease. Drawing from an extensive list of esteemed international contributors, Anti-Angiogenic Functional and Medicinal Foods explores the history and scope of the use of conventional foods, nutraceuticals, and health products in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, India, Australia, and New Zealand. Recent advancements in proteomics, genomics, and toxicogenomics give us a far more detailed picture of the molecular basis of nutrition and systems toxicology. Explaining the role of angiogenesis in various chronic diseases, individual chapters consider endothelial cell responses, the mechanism of the angiogenic cascade, and the angiogenic function involved in tumors, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory arthritis, and obesity. A collection of chapters studies specific foods and their functional bioactive compounds such as the effects of edible berry anthocyanins, various Chinese medicinal foods, dietary flavonoids, probiotics, shark cartilage, EPA and DHA, and marine polysaccharides. The book concludes with a discussion of the challenges faced during the development and delivery of anti-angiogenic functional food products. Presenting the current research and state of the science, Anti-Angiogenic Functional and Medicinal Foods provides researchers, scientists, clinical nutritionists, and oncologists with a valuable reference to this important and growing mode of

Sports nutrition has evolved beyond what to eat and how much to eat to now include the question of when to eat. A hot topic in sports nutrition, nutrient timing is a dietary concept that takes into account time as a missing dimension in athletic performance and recovery. Not only is the consumption of nutrients in ideal amounts and proportions important, but the timing with which they are administered is also of prime importance-the right nutrients at the ideal time to affect performance and muscular growth. Nutrient Timing: Metabolic Optimization for Health, Performance, and Recovery presents the most authoritative text to date that scientifically examines the contemporary topic of nutrient timing. Worldwide research continues to rapidly explore the metabolic impact of nutrient timing and how its proper application may help to improve performance. With contributions from scientists and practitioners in the field, this book gathers the latest evidence-based information on this cutting-edge area. The chapters cover macronutrients-carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids-and their role in sporting activity, as well as an examination of vitamins and minerals. The core of the book focuses on pre-exercise, mid-exercise, and post-exercise considerations for both resistance and aerobically mediated activity. Using the models presented, individuals may improve performance, promote optimal adaptations to training, maximize recovery, and facilitate healthy interactions with their environment. The final chapters of the book describe future concepts in nutrient timing, including the impact of protein source in the context of timing, how nutrient timing can fit in with a comprehensive recovery program, and the application of the ideas discussed in unique populations such as the aged, the military, and populations interested in weight loss. This text provides solid data from the scientists themselves, giving researchers, teachers,

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in North America and around the world. The staggering medical costs involved in treating patients suffering from this disease demand an alternative approach to prevent or minimize its development. In Functional Foods and Cardiovascular Disease, international researchers reveal essential up-to-date information on the role that functional foods and nutraceuticals play in preventing the development of heart disease. Highlighting the physiological benefits of a host of functional foods, the book examines: The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease Genetic methods for enhancing bioactives in foods and new techniques for extracting bioactive components for developing functional foods Clinical and experimental evidence of the cardiovascular benefits of fish oils and plant oils, particularly flaxseed oil The importance of folic acid in homocysteine metabolism and its impact on cardiovascular disease Clinical and experimental evidence for the cardiovascular benefits of plant sterols The beneficial effects of wine, garlic products, eggs, fiber, cocoa and chocolate, and coffee and tea on cardiovascular health While there have been great improvements in treating coronary heart disease through surgery and medications, prevention through diet and exercise should remain an essential priority in maintaining the health of the aging population. Nutritionists, food scientists, and those working in the health industry will find that this book enhances their understanding of the potential role of functional foods in combating cardiovascular disease before more aggressive treatment is needed.

Once again the National Dairy Council has produced the industry reference on the important role of dairy foods in health. Packed with the latest information from the Council's notable scientists, the Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition makes the case for the beneficial role of dairy foods in a variety of conditions and disease states. The handbook begins with a comprehensive overview of the nutritional content and benefits of milk and milk products including cheese and yogurt. The authors explain the effects of dairy intake on cardiovascular health and hypertension. The Dairy Council continues its research review by providing the most up-to-date information on the relationship between dairy intake and colon, breast, and prostate cancers. An entirely new chapter is devoted to addressing recent research about the role of dairy foods in weight management. Supporting the age-old advice that milk gives you strong bones and teeth, this handbook has chapters examining the evidentiary relationship between dairy intake and bone and dental health. A full chapter addresses the condition of lactose digestion, distinguishing lactose intolerance from lactose maldigestion, as well as providing research-based strategies to improve milk tolerance. A summary of dairy's contribution to health throughout the life cycle from childhood and adolescence into adulthood and old age, rounds out this latest installment of the Dairy Council's authoritative reference on the importance of dairy foods in the American diet. Continuing to provide state-of-the-art information on dairy products and nutrition, the Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition is a useful resource for nutrition scientists, dietitians and other health professionals, educators, dairy researchers, and the food industry.

This book demonstrates that nutrients play a direct role as co-factors and regulators of the immune system. The book also shows that modulating the immune response with nutrients can provide a fundamental approach to preventive medicine.;Containing nearly 2300 bibliographic citations as well as illustrative figures, tables, and micrographs, this book is designed to be of interest to clinical immunologists, immunology and vitamin researchers, nutrition specialists, paediatricians, neonatologists, and upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and medical school students in these disciplines.