Transparency is the order of the day. It is a term, a slogan, that dominates public discourse about corruption and freedom of information. Considered crucial to democracy, it touches our political and economic lives as well as our private lives. Anyone can obtain information about anything. Everything-and everyone-has become transparent: unveiled or exposed by the apparatuses that exert a kind of collective control over the post-capitalist world. Yet, transparency has a dark side that, ironically, has everything to do with a lack of mystery, shadow, and nuance. Behind the apparent accessibility of knowledge lies the disappearance of privacy, homogenization, and the collapse of trust. The anxiety to accumulate ever more information does not necessarily produce more knowledge or faith. Technology creates the illusion of total containment and the constant monitoring of information, but what we lack is adequate interpretation of the information. In this manifesto, Byung-Chul Han denounces transparency as a false ideal, the strongest and most pernicious of our contemporary mythologies.

This book re-evaluates the philosophical status of Samuel Taylor Coleridge by providing an extended comparison between his work and the phenomenological theory of Edmund Husserl. Examining Coleridge's accounts of the imagination, perception, poetic creativity and literary criticism, it draws a systematic and coherent structure out of a range of Coleridge's philosophical writing. In addition, it also applies the principles of Coleridge's philosophy to an interpretation of his own poetic output.

This book explores the practice and transmission of Lacanian and Freudian theory. It discusses the pure versus applied analysis of Lacanian and Freudian theory in practice; and the hierarchical versus circular transmissions within psychoanalytic organizations. Underpinned by extensive practical knowledge of the clinic, this work examines the differences between Freud and Lacan in their understanding of the subject and the unconscious and pushes them in new directions. The book also offers an analysis and commentary of several key Lacanian texts including an accessible study of the notoriously challenging text L'etourdit. Offering both divergent and reinforcing takes on Lacan, the author explores the traits that separate out the psychoanalyst from other twentieth-century thinkers and theorists. This book offers a clear clinical picture of where Lacanian psychoanalysis is today, both in the US and internationally.

Beginning in 1949, the German novelist and essayist Ernst Junger began a correspondence with the philosopher Martin Heidegger that lasted until Heidegger's death in 1975. This volume contains the first English translation of their complete correspondence, as well as letters from Heidegger's wife and son and others referred to in their correspondence. It also contains a translation of Junger's essay Across the Line (UEber die Linie), his contribution to a Festschrift celebrating Heidegger's sixtieth birthday. Junger's and Heidegger's correspondence is of enormous historical interest, revealing how both men came to understand their cultural roles in post-war Europe. It is valuable as well for showing the emergence of themes pervasive in Heidegger's post-war thought: his cultural and political pessimism and his concern with the problem of global technology. The correspondence also reveals the evolution of a philosophical friendship between two writers central to twentieth century European thought, and the mutual influence that friendship worked on their writing.

This book studies the phenomenological ontology of breathing. It investigates breathing and air as a question of phenomenological philosophy and looks at phenomenological questions concerning respiratory methodology, ontological experience of respiration, respiratory spirituality and respiratory embodiment. Drawing on the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Gaston Bachelard, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Luce Irigaray and David Kleinberg-Levin, the book argues for the ontological primacy of breathing and develops a new principle of philosophy that the author calls "Silence of Breath, Abyss/Yawn of Air". It asserts that breathing is not a thing- or person-oriented relation, but perpetual communication with the immense elemental atmosphere of open and free air. This new phenomenological method of breathing offers readers a chance to begin to wonder, rethink, re-experience and reimagine all questions of life in an innovative and creative way as aerial and respiratory questions of life. Part of the Routledge Critical Perspectives on Breath and Breathing series, the book breaks new ground in phenomenology and phenomenological ontology by offering a decisive and insightful treatment of breath. It will be indispensable for students and researchers of philosophy, phenomenology, and ontology. It will also be of special interest to Merleau-Ponty scholars as it investigates uncharted dimensions of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy.

A century ago the dominant philosophical outlook was not some form of materialism or naturalism, but idealism. However, this way of thinking about reality fell out of favour in the Anglo-American analytic tradition as well as the Continental schools of the twentieth century. The aim of this book is to restage and reassess the encounter between idealism and contemporary philosophy. The idealist side will be represented by the great figures of the 19th-century post-Kantian tradition in Germany, from Fichte and Schelling to Hegel, followed by the towering Hegelians in Britain led by T.H. Green, F.H. Bradley and Bernard Bosanquet. Their 20th-century adversaries will be represented by the secular existentialists, especially the famous French trio of Sartre, Beauvoir and Camus, who sought to follow Nietzsche in philosophizing in light of the death of God. And the arena of encounter will be the philosophy of religion-more specifically, questions relating to the nature and existence of God, death and the meaning of life, and the problem of evil. The book argues that the existentialist critique of idealism enables an innovative as well as a more critical and adventurous approach that is sorely needed in philosophy of religion today. Idealism after Existentialism will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in the history of 19th- and 20th-century philosophy and philosophy of religion.

6 werden kann, musste die Einsicht erwecken, dass das Quantitative gar nicht zum allgemeinsten Wesen des Mathematischen oder "Formalen" und der in ihm grundenden kalkulatorischen Me- thode gehore. Als ich dann in der "mathematisierenden Logik" 5 eine in der Tat quantitatslose Mathematik kennenlemte, und zwar als eine unanfechtbare Disziplin von mathematischer Form und Methode, welche teils die alten Syllogismen, teils neue, der Uberlieferung fremd gebliebene Schlussformen behandelte, gestalteten sich mir die wichtigen Probleme nach dem allgemei- 10 nen Wesen des Mathematischen uberhaupt, nach den naturlichen Zusammenhangen oder etwaigen Grenzen zwischen den Systemen der quantitativen und nichtquantitativen Mathematik, und spe- ziell z. B. nach dem Verhaltnis zwischen dem Formalen der Arithmetik und dem Formalen der Logik. Naturgemass musste 15 ich von hier aus weiter fortschreiten zu den fundamentaleren Fragen nach dem Wesen der Erkenntnisform im Unterschiede von der Erkenntnismaterie und nach dem Sinn des Unter- schiedes zwischen formalen (reinen) und materialen Bestimmun- gen, Wahrheiten, Gesetzen. 20 Aber noch in einer ganz anderen Richtung fand ich mich in Probleme der allgemeinen Logik und Erkenntnistheorie ver- wickelt. Ich war von der herrschenden Uberzeugung ausgegangen, dass es die Psychologie sei, von der, wie die Logik uberhaupt, so die Logik der deduktiven Wissenschaften ihre philosophische 25 Aufklarung erhoffen musse. Demgemass nehmen psychologische Untersuchungen in dem ersten (und allein veroffentlichten) B- de meiner Philosophie der Arithmetik einen sehr breiten Raum ein. {[A VII] Diese psychologische Fundierung wollte 11 mir in gewissen Zu- [B VII] sammenhangen nie recht genugen.

Heidegger with Derrida: Being Written attempts, for the first time, to think Heidegger's philosophy through the lens of Derrida's logocentric thesis, according to which speech has, throughout the history of metaphysics, been given primacy over writing. The book offers a detailed account of Derrida's arguments about the debasement of writing, an account that leads to a new definition of writing, conceiving it epistemically, rather than linguistically. Heidegger's analysis of the gaze and critique of the modern subject are shown to have logocentric features. This surprising conclusion entails that Heidegger is well within the metaphysical tradition, which he labored so intently to overcome. The book sheds new light on the philosophical roots of Heidegger's involvement with Nazism, arguing that his hierarchical thinking--the hallmark of logocentrism and metaphysics-condones violent differentiation between the 'proper' race and the Other.

This book takes Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and applies it to help psychotherapy practitioners formulate complex psychological problems. The reader will learn about Husserl's system of understanding and its concepts that can point to first-person lived experience, and about the work of Husserl scholars who have developed a way to be precise about the experiences that clients have. Through exploring the connection between academic philosophy of consciousness and mental health, themes of biopsychosocial treatment planning, psychopathology of personality and psychological disorders, and the treatment of complex psychological problems all emerge. The author shows that Husserlian phenomenology can be used in the design of interventions for each client in a process called formulation. Once the intentionality of consciousness of an individual is understood, by asking simple questions, it becomes possible to define problematic experiences. This is a means of creating informed consent for treatment and it also makes it clear to clients what is happening for them, so helping them understand themselves and how they see the world. We also see how Husserl's phenomenology is a vehicle for psychotherapists to present their knowledge about the research literature of what has been found to be effective care. This volume applies the concepts and practices of phenomenology in a concrete way, relating them to the practice of therapy and showing the value of a qualitative approach to understanding mental processes and the nature of human beings as motivated by values, meanings and other conscious experiences. This is a readable text in simple language that condenses key aspects of Husserl's thinking in relation to the theory and practice of psychotherapy, and it is suitable for philosophers and practitioners of psychology, psychiatry, and the psychotherapies, including psychoanalysis.

Hegel opens the first book of his Science of Logic with the statement of a problem: "The beginning of philosophy must be either something mediated or something immediate, and it is easy to show that it can be neither the one nor the other, so either way of beginning runs into a rebuttal." Despite its significant placement, exactly what Hegel means in his expression of this problem, and exactly what his solution to it is, remain unclear. In this book Robert Dunphy provides a detailed, critical engagement with Hegel's problem of beginning, and with the various putative solutions that Hegel might be thought to put forward. The book also provides original interventions into discussions concerning Hegel's wider logical project, the relationship between his Logic and his Phenomenology, and his engagement with the Pyrrhonian skeptical tradition.

Generative Worlds. New Phenomenological Perspectives on Space and Time accounts for the phenomenological concept of generativity. In doing so, this book brings together several recent phenomenological studies on space and time. Generative studies in phenomenology propose new ways of conceiving space, time, and the relation between them. Edited by Luz Ascarate and Quentin Gailhac, the collection reveals new dimensions to topics such as the generation of life, birth, historicity, intersubjectivity, narrativity, institution, touching, and places, and in some cases, the contributors invert the classical definitions of space and time. These transformative readings are fruitful for the interdisciplinary exchange between philosophy and fields such as cosmology, psychology, and the social sciences. The contributors ask if phenomenology reaches its own concreteness through the study of generation and whether it manages to redefine certain dimensions of space and time which, in other orientations of the Husserlian method, remain too abstract and detached from the constitutive becoming of experience.

Kyoto School Philosophy in Comparative Perspective: Ideology, Ontology, Modernity presents the thought of the Kyoto School, the most famous Japanese philosophical movement of the twentieth century, by comparing the philosophy of its most representative members-Nishida and Nishitani-with some better known thinkers in the West: Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, and Michel Henry. Bernard Stevens highlights the proximity of this movement of thought to the European phenomenological current that influenced it. However, the book also addresses an eminently problematic reality: the affiliation of some of its members with the militarism of the 1930s and 1940s. The political philosophers Arendt and Maruyama provide useful guidance here, in clarifying one of the central issues of this episode: the ideology of "overcoming modernity", supported by some of the younger disciples of Nishida. This book proposes intellectual conditions for both critical and appreciative receptions of one of the most fascinating philosophical adventures of the twentieth century.

The preceding Preface, which Professor William Frankena had the great kindness to write as an introduction for the readers of the present English translation of my major work, still requires several supplementary com- ments on my part. Professor Frankena rightly considered it to be an advan- tage to introduce the English-speaking world to my moral philosophy through its presentation in this book. As an introduction to my moral philosophy, Professor Frankena provided a concise formulation of the fun- damental ideas of my ethics by quoting from an article I had just recently published. Several points worth mentioning remain. Firstly, it is necessary to distinguish the two editions of the text here translated. The first edition was published in 1951 by Anton Hain in Meisenheim am Glan, under the title Pflicht und Neigung (Duty and In- clination), with the subtitle Die Grundlagen der Sittlichkeit, erOrtert und neu bestimmt mit besonderem Bezug auf Kant und Schiller (The Fun- damentals of Morality, Discussed and Redefined with Special Regard to Kant and Schiller). In 1974, a revised and enlarged second edition was published by the same publisher and was entitled Die Grundlagen der Sitt- Iichkeit (The Fundamentals of Morality). Of this second edition, the first four chapters have been translated in the present volume, along with four more recent essays.

This book argues that global crises such as the present Covid-19 pandemic are correlates of the contemporary thought regime that it calls technohumanism. Taking up the pandemic as the central case in point, the book shows how the basic assumptions of technohumanism encourage large-scale dependencies and a consequent loss of endurance in the populace. Next, it shows that a form of recuperation can be pedagogically attempted by means of a "psychoanalysis" of thought which releases it from the humanist limits placed on it. To do this, it introduces the notion of a living unconscious as distinct from the Freudian Unconscious, and argues that in the living unconscious there is no distinction between the prehuman and the posthuman, and a posthumanist pedagogy can be constructed on the basis of an adequate transfer of prehuman dynamism.

This volume offers a thorough description of anxiety from a phenomenological perspective. Building on Bakhtin's insights, the author develops the method of "phenomenological polyphony," which can do justice to the essential ambiguity of anxiety. In this polyphony, the voices of Kierkegaard, Husserl, Freud, Blumenberg, Heidegger, Sartre, Adorno, Derrida and Levinas are particularly recognizable. The book explores new perspectives on the complex relation between anxiety, fear, and trauma with reference to different disciplines, from art history to cultural anthropology, from psychopathology to theology, from literature to political philosophy. When is anxiety justified? When does anxiety cease to function as an effective and reasonable signal preventing imminent threats, and when does it become an invasive projection of our own ghosts? This volume presents a deep philosophical inquiry into the affective phenomenon that can both protect us from danger and be a danger in itself. Moreover, the author explores the relevance of anxiety in the context of philosophical anthropology. In various theoretical frameworks, the difference between anxiety and fear serves as a criterion for distinguishing human beings from animals in particular. Accordingly, research on anxiety is crucial for defining human nature as such. The analysis presented in this volume shows how an alteration of the dimensions of embodiment, time-consciousness, and phantasy takes place in anxiety. Furthermore, the author elaborates on new categories for understanding of anxiety, such as quasi-intentional imaginative anticipation, which eludes the traditional differentiation between perception and imagination. The work culminates in a phenomenological analysis of five essential traits of anxiety: 1. its quasi-intentional imaginative anticipation; 2. its negative inspiration; 3. the recurrence of bodily manifestations; 4. the interlocution with an alien power; 5. its negative teleology.

Whenever one attempts to write about a philosopher whose native tongue is not English the problem of translations is inevitable. For the sake of simplicity and accuracy we have translated all of our quotations from the German unless otherwise noted. But for the sake of easy reference we have included the page numbers of the English translations as well as the German texts. Because there is a new translation forthcoming, we have not included references to the English translation of Ideen I. Since the German texts are readily available, we did not reproduce them in the footnotes. All quotations translated from Husserl's unpublished manuscripts, however, do include the German text in the footnotes. This work is greatly indebted to the criticism and help of Professor Ludwig Landgrebe, whose support made possible two years at the UniversiHit Koln. Garth Gillan and Lothar Eley also have contributed much to the basic direction ofthis work. Others such as Edward Casey, Claude Evans, Irene Grypari, Don Ihde, Grant Johnson, Martin Lang, J. N. Mohanty, Robert Ray and Susan Wood have been more than helpful in their discussions with me on these topics and in their criticisms of some of the ambiguities of an earlier draft. Likewise a special word of thanks to Reto Parpan whose insightful corrections were most valuable and to Nancy Gifford for her discussions on matters epistemolo gical and for her help in the final preparation of the book."

Klarheit in betreff dieser Satze anstrebt, d. i. Einsicht in das Wesen der bei dem Vollzug und den ideal-moglichen Anwendungen solcher Satze ins Spiel tretenden Erkenntnisweisen und der mit diesen sich wesensmassig konstituierenden Sinngebungen und objektiven Gel- 1 11 S tungen * Sprachliche Erorterungen gehoren r nun sicherlich zu den 1 r philosophisch I unerlasslichen Vorbereitungen fur den Aufbau der [A 4] reinen Logik, weil nur durch ihre Mithilfe die eigentlichen Objekte der logischen Forschung und, in weiterer Folge, die wesentlichen Arten und Unterschiede dieser Objekte zu unmissverstandlicher 10 Klarheit herauszuarbeiten sind. Es handelt sich dabei aber nicht um 12 grammatische Erorterungen im r empirischen , auf irgendeine historisch gegebene Sprache bezogenen Sinn, sondern um Erorterun- gen jener allgemeinsten Art, die zur weiteren Sphare einer objekti- ven Theorie der Erkenntnis und, was damit innigst zusammen- 13 15 hangt, einer rreinen Phanomenologie der Denk- und Erkenntniserlebnisse gehoren. rDicse, wie die sie umspannende reine Phanomenologie der Erlebnisse uberhaupt, hat es ausschliesslich mit den in der Intuition erlassbaren und analysierba- ren Erlebnissen in reiner Wesensallgemeinheit zu tun, nicht aber mit 20 empirisch apperzipierten Erlebnissen als realen Fakten, als Erlebnis- sen erlebender Menschen oder Tiere in der erscheinenden und als Erfahrungsfaktum gesetzten Welt. Die in der Wesensintuition direkt erfassten Wesen und rein in den Wesen grundenden Zusammenhan- ge bringt sie deskriptiv in Wesensbegriffen und gesetzlichen 25 Wesensaussagen zu reinem Ausdruck. Jede solche Aussage ist eine 1 14 apriorische im vorzuglichsten Sinne des Wortes.

Fragestellung und Losungsansatz der folgenden Untersuchungen 2 HUSSERL UND COHN Die vorliegende Arbeit vergleicht die Position des neukantianischen Dialektikers Jonas Cohn mit derjenigen des Phanomenologen Edmund Hus- serl. Bevor auf die thematischen Zielsetzungen der einzelnen Kapitel einge- gangen wird, seien einige Bemerkungen vorausgeschickt, die zeigen sollen, inwiefern einem solchen Vergleich Bedeutung zukommt. Grundsatzlich ist ein Vergleich philosophischer Positionen nur dann durchfuhrbar, wenn in irgend einer Hinsicht eine Gemeinsamkeit vorliegt. Sinnvoll wird ein Vergleich nur dann sein, wenn sich die Relata nicht in je- der Beziehung entsprechen und wenn die Grunde fur bestehende Diver- genzen und Konvergenzen durchsichtig gemacht werden konnen. Dabei kann, je nach Problemlage, mehr ein philosophiehistorischer oder ein kri- tisch-systematischer Blickwinkel den Vergleich bestimmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit legt den Schwerpunkt auf den letzteren Aspekt. Dies liegt nicht nur daran, dass letztlich philosophische Forschungen, an der Sa- che orientiert, sich argumentierend stets um das bemuhen sollten, woruber Ubereinstimmung herrschen kann. Wenn dem nicht so ware, bliebe alle Philosophiegeschichte bloss eine Aneinanderreihung beliebig austauschbarer Positionen. Gerade weil es aber eine Vielfalt philosophischer Ausgangs- punkte und Methoden gibt, sind die Philosophen herausgefordert, zu mogli- chen Gemeinsamkeiten Stellung zu nehmen -und dies auf eine Weise, die fur den anderen nachvollziehbar ist. Daruber hinaus ist aber gerade im Falle Husserls und Cohns eine systematisch-kritische Betrachtungsart angemes- sen.

The received view of Martin Heidegger's work is that he leaves little room for reason in the practice of philosophy or the conduct of life. Citing his much-scorned remark that reason is the "stiff-necked adversary of thought", critics argue that Heidegger's philosophy effectively severs the tie between reason and normativity, leaving anyone who adheres to his position without recourse to justifying reasons for their beliefs and actions. Transcending Reason is a collection of essays by leading Heidegger scholars that challenges this view by exploring new ways to understand Heidegger's approach to the relationship between reason, normativity, and the philosophical methodology that gives us access to these issues. The volume points to Heidegger's novel approach to reason understood in terms of what he calls Dasein's 'transcendence'-the ability to occupy the world as a space of normatively structured meanings in which we navigate our striving to be. By examining the strengths and weaknesses of this new and innovative take on Heidegger's philosophy, this collection considers the possibility that he does not sever but rather reconceives the relation between reason and normativity.

A Philosophical Journey into the Anthropocene: Discovering Terra Incognita presents the Anthropocene as more than a geological epoch, but rather it as the potential metarecit of our age and the most faithful expression of the current Zeitgeist. Insofar as the Anthropocene establishes that the human agency as technological omni-power represents a "global geophysical force" capable of altering the destiny of the Earth system, the coming of this new epoch shows that technology now embodies the subject of both history and nature. This technology achieves the status of an integral epochal phenomenon: the new environment for human life. Agostino Cera traces how the "technisches Zeitalter" (age of technology) outlined by twentieth-century philosophical thought emerged out of the Anthropocene and suggests that a more appropriate name for this planetary framework Technocene. The book develops along four basic directions: epistemological, ontological, anthropological, and ethical. It argues that the Anthropocene is something radically new, a terra incognita or an "epistemic hyperobject with a (geo-)historical barycenter," giving rise to: 1) an unprecedented form of reification of nature ("pet-ification of nature"); 2) an unexpected version of anthropocentrism ("Aidosean Prometheanism"), and 3) an unpredictable ethical paradox ("paradox of omni-responsibility").

This edited collection explores the problem of violence from the vantage point of meaning. Taking up the ambiguity of the word 'meaning', the chapters analyse the manner in which violence affects and in some cases constitutes the meaningful structure of our lifeworld, on individual, social, religious and conceptual levels. The relationship between violence and meaning is multifaceted, and is thus investigated from a variety of different perspectives within the continental tradition of philosophy, including phenomenology, post-structuralism, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Divided into four parts, the volume explores diverging meanings of the concept of violence, as well as transcendent or religious violence- a form of violence that takes place between humanity and the divine world. Going on to investigate instances of immanent and secular violence, which occur at the level of the group, community or society, the book concludes with an exploration of violence and meaning on the individual level: violence at the level of the self, or between particular persons. With its focus on the manifold of relations between violence and meaning, as well as its four part focus on conceptual, transcendent, immanent and individual violence, the book is both multi-directional and multi-layered.

This book is a theoretical and practical guide for mental health professionals who wish to utilize existential principles in their social work and clinical practice. Existential questions concerning life situations, such as anxiety, suffering, choosing, authenticity, are at the heart of the craft of any helping profession. The book aims to confront students and practitioners with the need to be simultaneously philosophical and experiential in their clinical approach. Written in an accessible tone, Eisikovits and Buchbinder bridge existential-philosophical concepts often seen as removed from everyday practice and the practical concerns of therapy. Each chapter presents a concept from existential philosophical tradition, such as anxiety, meaning making, time, and space, and then demonstrates their use by drawing from real-life clinical examples and interventions. The book illustrates their implementation in social work practice with reference to values such as client participation, self-determination, and free will. The book is intended for courses and advanced training in existential social work and therapy. It is essential reading for training social workers, counselors, therapists, and other helping professionals interested in existentialism.

This collection is the first book-length study to re-evaluate all of James Joyce's major fictional works through the lens of cognitive studies. Cognitive Joyce presents Joyce's relationship to the scientific knowledge and practices of his time and examines his texts in light of contemporary developments in cognitive and neuro-sciences. The chapters pursue a threefold investigation-into the author's "extended mind" at work, into his characters' complex and at times pathological perceptive and mental processes, and into the elaborate responses the work elicits as we perform the act of reading. This volume not only offers comprehensive overviews of the oeuvre, but also detailed close-readings that unveil the linguistic focus of Joyce's drama of cognition.