Just the Facts Ma'am is an 'analytic narrative' - a case study guided by formal economic theory. It is the only book written from an economics perspective that addresses one of the most remarkable cases of the reversal of corruption in the history of the United States - a case of corruption in the Los Angeles Police Department. The model combines traditional aspects of the 'reform as changes in economic incentives' introduced by William Parker in the LAPD, combined with an analysis of his extensive consideration of social norms.

This book provides an ethnography of street-level policing in the United States and offers an analysis with valuable lessons for today's law enforcement officers. Author George C. Klein, sociologist and former police officer, explores the characteristics of policing in a suburb outside of large Midwestern city in the United States. As a participant-observation fieldworker, he functioned as an ethnographic researcher, recording with a sociological eye the "real world" tasks of policing, including the ordinary as well as the more remarkable aspects of day-to-day law enforcement. He approaches the data with three levels of analysis, looking at embedded issues in policing, such as discretion, danger, corruption, cynicism, race, and class; a mid-range analysis that examines police work as an example of street-level bureaucracy; and a global analysis assessing the entrenched roles of race, class, and demography in police work, as well as, society, in the U.S. This book focuses on the need for police officers to solve social problems that other institutions in society are unwilling, or unable, to solve. It examines a myriad of issues, such as police socialization, the use of force by police officers, stress levels and suicide risk factors, disparate styles of policing, police militarization, de-escalation, and more. With compelling detail, the author helps the reader understand the turmoil regarding policing in the United States today. It is ideal for police professionals as well as students and scholars of criminal justice, criminology, sociology, psychology, history, political science and journalism.

The Policing of Belfast, 1870-1914 examines the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) in late Victorian Belfast in order to see how a semi-military, largely rural constabulary adapted to the problems that a city posed. Mark Radford explores whether the RIC, as the most public face of British government, was successful in controlling a recalcitrant Irish urban populace. This examination of the contrast in styles between urban and rural policing and semi-rural and civil constabulary offers an important insight into the social, political and military history of Ireland at the turn of the twentieth century. The book concludes by showing how governmental neglect of the force and its failure to comprehensively address the issues of pay and conditions of service ultimately led to crisis in the RIC.

The land border between Russia and the European Union is one of the longest land borders in the world, with very considerable trade flowing across the border in both directions. This book examines the nature of the EU-Russia border, and the issues connected with its management. It describes the territories and the societies on each side of the border, discusses the challenges which confront border management, including migration and criminal activities, and explores how people on both sides perceive each other and perceive threats and security issues. It concludes by assessing achievements to date in managing the border and by assessing continuing unresolved challenges.

1. While there are several titles on comparative penology and comparative youth justice, this is the most up-to-date title on comparative policing. 2. This book will find a market as a course text on upper level courses on policing, community policing, transnational crime control, community safety and comparative criminal justice. 3. This book also has a secondary market amongst police practitioners.

This book identifies police leaders who have stood out and chalked a path that has transformed their organizations. It describes these thinkers, who look deep into the challenges of policing and comment critically upon various responses and actions. Featuring profiles of police leaders from various countries, this book features officers with an aptitude for learning, presenting the situations they have confronted and the methods they have adopted to change systems and usher reforms. It identifies the characteristics of thinking police officers, and suggests the ways in which the serious policing challenges of modern times can be addressed by creative and outside the box thinking by leadership. Appropriate for students of criminal justice and policing, for researchers studying law enforcement and for practitioners discussing policing reform, this book will initiate a new debate about the nature and possibilities of building new police for the 21st century.

This book examines the evolution, function, problems and prospects of private security companies in the maritime sector. The private security industry continues to evolve after its renaissance over the past few decades, first in Africa, and later in Iraq and Afghanistan. Despite this, little academic work has been done to date on the role of private security in the maritime environment. This lacuna has become more pronounced as the threat of piracy, terrorism, and other acts of maritime political violence have caused littoral states and commercial entities alike to consider the use of private security to mitigate risks. Maritime Private Security is an edited volume specifically dedicated to combating the absence of academic research in this area. The discussion of this multi-faceted subject is organised into four key parts: Part I: The Historical and Contemporary Market in Maritime Private Security Services Part II: The Emergence of Private Anti-Piracy Escorts in the Commercial Sector Part III: The Privatization of Coast Guard Services Part IV: Private Security Responses to Maritime Terrorism This book will be of much interest to students of naval policy and maritime security, private security companies, piracy and terrorism, international law and IR in general.

Zero Tolerance Policing is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the police, crime prevention, community safety and order maintenance. It is a highly significant text, providing the reader with a more informed understanding of the many issues involved. With chapters from eminent practitioners and academics, and based on a combination of practical experience and extensive research, each chapter examines a key issue involved in zero tolerance policing. Subjects under discussion include current initiatives in both the UK and US, problem-oriented policing, community reaction, the implications for civil liberties of a true zero tolerance approach, and the problems of begging and vagrancy.

It has become somewhat axiomatic to refer to the police as the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system and thus as a mechanism for the provision of justice. And yet, when we conceptualize the police in this way, what is often taken for granted is the exact nature of that role and its larger social meaning. Indeed, we know that police deliver justice more efficiently to some and injustice to others. Rethinking Policing and Justice critically examines the role of policing (both state and non-state forms) in the provision of justice (and injustice). In essence, it presents work that highlights how different communities and groups have sought alternatives to policing, sometimes taking over the functions of policing. It also shows a variety of theoretical, methodology, and other approaches for the critical evaluation of law enforcement, highlighing different insights into alternative modes of policing, as we seek to understand and redraft the relationship between policing and justice.

This book was originally published as a special issue of Contemporary Justice Review.

According to the World Health Organisation during their lifetime more than one quarter of all individuals will develop one or more mental or behavioural disorders. Given prevalence data like this it is not surprising that wherever they reside on the planet many persons suffering from a mental disorder, or as is more commonly termed in popular parlance a mental illness, are likely to come into contact with police at some stage in their lives. Indeed, research conducted in a number of countries suggests that about 10 per cent of all community police work involves some form of interaction with a person with a mental illness. From a police perspective these encounters are not only frequent but also often sensitive and challenging. Despite the difficulties associated with this important aspect of community policing surprisingly scant attention has been given to the development of empirically tested and established best practice approaches to managing police interactions with persons with mental illnesses. The literature that does exist is principally derived from North American sources although more recent and interesting developments have been reported in Australia and the United Kingdom. The principal aim of Police Responses to People with Mental Illnesses is to seek to reduce this gap in the literature by providing an international overview of some of the latest research and policy developments in the field, and the challenges still to be confronted in many places in overcoming cultural and associated barriers to protecting the rights of the mentally ill. This book was originally published as a special issue of Police Practice and Research: An International Journal.

* Visually engaging and accessible, designed to support diverse learning needs and abilities. * Up-to-date content following the latest QCF specification and standards. * Assessment activities in each unit to put the learning in context and prepare the learner for real assessment. * Up-to-date case studies to encourage learners to see how theory relates to industry practice and links to their future career. * Authentic workplace scenarios put learners in the professionals' shoes, allowing them to apply their knowledge to a real-life situation and consolidate their understanding. * Hints and tips for success written by experienced authors and tutors in the industry, to help learners get the most from their BTEC course. * Complete coverage of the BTEC Level 2 Specialist Qualifications in Door Supervision and Security Guarding. About the author team Alannah Burke has over 20 year experience in security and physical intervention training and has been training Door Supervisors for SIA licensing since regulation began. She is trained in the delivery of Physical Intervention. Andy Element has worked in the security industry for over a decade and has been employed in various roles including static guarding, event security and door supervision. Andy is an experienced trainer of door supervision, security guarding, CCTV, wheel clamping and stewarding. Andy is trained in delivery of Physical. Physical Intervention. He has over three decades martial arts experience and teach courses in self defence. Debra Gray has taught and managed public services for the last 13 years and is currently Head of Learning for Sport and Public Services at Chesterfield College. Her responsibilities include qualifications in door supervision, security guarding , event stewarding, self defence and conflict management. She has a BSc in Criminology, MSc in Criminal Justice Studies and an MA in Educational Management She is a qualified self defence instructor and have a black belt in full contact kick boxing, a black belt in semi contact kick boxing and a brown belt in ju jitsu. She has written over 20 different publications for Pearson over the last 10 years.

Throughout the Jim Crow era, southern police departments played a vital role in the maintenance of white supremacy. Police targeted African Americans through an array of actions, including violent interactions, unjust arrests, and the enforcement of segregation laws and customs. Scholars have devoted much attention to law enforcement's use of aggression and brutality as a means of maintaining African American subordination. While these interpretations are vital to the broader understanding of police and minority relations, Black citizens have often come off as powerless in their encounters with law enforcement. Brandon T. Jett's Race, Crime, and Policing in the Jim Crow South, by contrast, reveals previously unrecognized efforts by African Americans to use, manage, and exploit policing. In the process, Jett exposes a much more complex relationship, suggesting that while violence or the threat of violence shaped police and minority relations, it did not define all interactions. Black residents of southern cities repeatedly complained about violent policing strategies and law enforcement's seeming lack of interest in crimes committed against African Americans. These criticisms notwithstanding, Blacks also voiced a desire for the police to become more involved in their communities to reduce the seemingly intractable problem of crime, much of which resulted from racial discrimination and other structural factors related to Jim Crow. Although the actions of the police were problematic, African Americans nonetheless believed that law enforcement could play a role in reducing crime in their communities. During the first half of the twentieth century, Black citizens repeatedly demanded better policing and engaged in behaviors designed to extract services from law enforcement officers in Black neighborhoods as part of a broader strategy to make their communities safer. By examining the myriad ways in which African Americans influenced the police to serve the interests of the Black community, Jett adds a new layer to our understanding of race relations in the urban South in the Jim Crow era and contributes to current debates around the relationship between the police and minorities in the United States.

The enclosed papers are the culmination of a project Dr. John Crank and Dr. Colleen Kadleck carried out assessing issues facing the police into the early 21st century. The papers are future oriented, in the sense that they anticipate trends visible today. Everywhere, the contributing scholars found that the organizational concept, practice, and function of the police were undergoing transition. Yet, the seeming state-level hardening of the police function was ubiquitous. Two themes were noteworthy. On the one hand, in developing or 'second world' countries, police face endemic problems of corruption, organized crime, and drugs. Police, in response, are undergoing centralization and intensification of law enforcement activities. In countries with first world economies - Canada, the United States, and Australia - contributors discovered trends toward expansion of the police function, a trend described by Brodeur as toward 'high policing'. It reflects the growing reliance on surveillance for crime control and for the tracking of minority, indigenous, and immigrant populations in crime prevention efforts. The results suggest that governments, sometimes encouraged by their citizenry, seem increasingly to rely on the police to deal with a broad array of social as well as criminal problems. This book was originally published as a special issue of Police Practice and Research.

Innovative Possibilities: Global Policing Research and Practice brings together observations that reflect upon the state of police (and policing) across the globe and associated forms of policing scholarship with inputs from Africa, Australia, South and Central America, China, Europe, and the USA. Following the introduction the book begins with a review of the nature of the relationship between policing research and practice with the Victoria Police in Australia and moves on to Britain where the focus is on how the National Improvement Strategy for Policing (NISP) is developing and how research is being used to design, define, monitor, and develop its strategic interventions using a series of case studies. In the United States the complex American terrain of the police is examined -- in particular this chapter examines how crime statistics are used to rationalize, justify, and account for their actions. In Latin America a comprehensive review of research on police reform in Latin America during the last two decades is given. Africa provides a complex and diverse social terrain which needs to be understood in relation to its plural policing landscape. Police scholarship in China looks at the historical development and current status of police scholarship in China, together with the emerging issues arising from it. The overarching concern of all these reflections is with bridging the deep seated tensions that exist between scholarship and practice within policing across the globe and the call for a new relationship of mutual respect that is committed to exploring better ways of governing security.This book was published as a special issue of Police Practice and Research.

A key resource for students, academics and practitioners, this concise guide brings together various concepts vital to the theoretical, policy and practical debates on forensic psychology and its relationship with crime, policing and policing studies. Covering issues such as criminal behaviour, police decision-making and crime scene investigation, each entry provides a succinct overview of the topic, together with an evaluation of the emerging issues. The text includes: * associated concepts and further reading from research and practice; * sample questions; * references and glossary. Accessible and comprehensive, this book is the go-to guide for those getting to grips with the relationships between forensic psychology, crime and policing.

This fully updated and expanded second edition of Policing Scotland takes account of recent developments in Scottish policing and criminal justice against the backdrop of a dynamic political landscape and looming fiscal constraints in public services. The book offers contributions from both academics and practitioners, and not only shows police at work in contemporary Scotland, but also gives some insight into those areas where policing is carried out by non-police people and organisations. It seeks to identify what it is about Scottish policing that is distinctly Scottish, the main characteristics of modern policing in Scotland, how these have developed over the recent past, and what they have become today. In answering these questions, the book analyses policing in Scotland in the context of the new and emerging ideas about the nature, purposes and methods of policing that are developing elsewhere in the world, and seeks to determine how far Scottish policing is maintaining its own traditions, or simply becoming a localised example of wider global trends. The second edition of this popular text introduces new chapters on crime investigation, police unionism, ethnic minorities, policing violence and forensic science, as well as incorporating a major new theme which seeks to explain how those responsible for policing Scotland set about dealing with current issues such as terrorism and organised crime. This book makes a significant contribution to the current debate on policing in Scotland, and as such is an essential text for academics and those interested in policing issues.

Torres has followed his "Handbook of Federal Police and Investigtive AgencieS" with this similarly focused book on state police organizations. He begins with an extensive essay that traces law enforcement history and concentrates on state-level organization and methods. This introduction is followed by a systematic directory of state police agencies. Organizational structure, historical devlopment, and employment requirements for each agency have been compiled from widely diverse sources. Both this directory and Torres' earlier book are unique information sources. "Choice"

This book remedies the problem of lack of information on state law enforcement organizations. It provides specific information on the backgrounds of state police, highway patrols, and investigative agencies, and describes organization structure, primary duties, jurisdiction, and educational and training qualifications of sworn personnel. Information is provided both on the larger and better known agencies such as the California Highway Patrol and the New York State Police, and on smaller agencies like the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation and the Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation.

Police psychology has become an integral part of present-day police agencies, providing support in the areas of personnel assessment, individual and organisational intervention, consultation, and operational assistance. Research-based resources contribute to those efforts by shedding light on best practices, identifying recent research and developments, and calling attention to important challenges and growth areas that remain.Police Psychology and Its Growing Impact on Modern Law Enforcement emphasises key elements of police psychology as it relates to current issues and challenges in law enforcement and police agencies. Focusing on topics relevant to assessment and evaluation of applicants and incumbent officers, clinical intervention and prevention, employee wellness and support, operational consultation, and emerging trends and developments, this edited publication is an essential reference source for practising police psychologists, researchers, graduate-level students, and law enforcement executives.

Over the past thirty years social scientists and particularly social historians have stressed the need to take popular protest seriously. The corollary of this, the need to take the policing of protest seriously, seems to have been less well acknowledged. The aim of this volume is to redress this situation by probing, in depth, a limited number of incidents of public disorder and focusing particularly on the role of the police. In doing so, this collection will draw out general patterns of police provocation and public responses and suggest general hypotheses. The incidents explored range across Europe and the United States, involve different kinds of political regime, and are drawn from both the interwar and the postwar years. They pose important questions about the effects of riot training and specialist equipment for the police, about the reality and roles of "agitators" and of "rotten apples" amongst the police, and about the role of the media and the courts in fostering certain kinds of undesirable and counterproductive police behavior.

Over the past thirty years social scientists and particularly social historians have stressed the need to take popular protest seriously. The corollary of this, the need to take the policing of protest seriously, seems to have been less well acknowledged. The aim of this volume is to redress this situation by probing, in depth, a limited number of incidents of public disorder and focusing particularly on the role of the police. In doing so, this collection will draw out general patterns of police provocation and public responses and suggest general hypotheses. The incidents explored range across Europe and the United States, involve different kinds of political regime, and are drawn from both the interwar and the postwar years. They pose important questions about the effects of riot training and specialist equipment for the police, about the reality and roles of "agitators" and of "rotten apples" amongst the police, and about the role of the media and the courts in fostering certain kinds of undesirable and counterproductive police behavior.

Richard Bessel is Professor of Twentieth-Century History at the University of York. His publications include Political Violence and the Rise of Nazism and Germany after the First World War.

Clive Emsley is Professor of History at the Open University and Co-Director of the European Centre for the Study of Policing. His publications include Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900 and The English Police: A Political and Social History. Since 1995 he has been President of the International Association for the History of Crime and Criminal Justice.

This book provides a holistic and interdisciplinary focus on the legal regulation and policing of football violence and disorder in Britain. Anchored in ground-breaking ethnographic and participant-action research, the book combines a crowd psychology and socio-legal approach to critically explore the contemporary challenges of managing football crowds. It sets out the processes by which football disorder occurs and the limitations of existing approaches to policing 'football hooliganism', in particular the dominant focus on controlling 'risk supporters', before setting out proposals for fundamental reforms to both law and policing. This book will be of value to academics, students, legal and policing practitioners, as well as policy-makers. The two authors are internationally known experts in the management and behaviour of football crowds and bring together for the first time over 30 years of research in this area from the disciplines of law and social psychology.

What was it like to live under the police and a criminal justice system in a socialist society and in a country governed by Marxist-Leninists? This is the first book-length study of criminal justice in the German Democratic Republic. Based on first-hand research conducted over a six-year period from 1985 to the present, the case study analyzes how the society has been transformed politically, socially, and economically since the 1989 revolution and reincorporation with the rest of Germany. This volume should be of interest to students, teachers, and professionals in criminal justice and sociology, political science, law, and European history. This analysis of policing in a socialist society reports on the work of the People's Police and the State Security Police and how principles of criminal justice and methods of governance changed with the dissolution of the GDR. The study relies on primary source materials and extensive interviews of police professionals and academicians in the field of criminal justice.

Although many people consider excessive police violence disconcerting, if, when, and how they voice their opinion or respond by taking some sort of action has generally remained empirically unknown. In the hope of understanding this process, Ross has developed a four-stage model, based on a review of the literature and on interviews with the relevant actors. He then uses this tool to analyze police violence that occurred in Toronto, Canada and New York City, over a fifteen-year period. To better focus the study, he uses in-depth case studies of three well-publicized cases of police violence from each city, matched on important criteria. This study addresses a difficult, timely, and important topic for victims, for police personnel, and for society. Ross concludes that, in general, most individuals do not respond to police use of excessive force; further, if and when they do usually depends on the context of the violence. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, Ross's model integrates a variety of approaches to improve our understanding of how communities come to define and control the use of force by police, including literature on the role of media efforts and their impact upon police violence. The work concludes with an analysis of the reasons why people react so infrequently to incidents of excessive force.

This book describes how in 1883, the Russian police established the Foreign Agentura in Paris. The bureau's brief: to forewarn Tsardom of terrorist plans and, if possible, to defuse acts of terrorism against high personages by revolutionaries operating under European sanctuary. As the revolutionary emigration expanded, the Foreign Agentura reacted by spreading its tentacles across Europe and England. With the help of their European colleagues, the Tsar's agents tackled and drove back this terrorist force, proving themselves invaluable in the evolution of political policing.