Detective Sergeant Gurpal Singh Virdi's exemplary career in the Metropolitan Police Service ended when he spoke out against racism within it: an issue it has long paid lip service to tackling. What came after is simply shocking. On Wednesday 15 April 1998 Virdi was arrested, had his home searched and was suspended on charges of sending racist hate mail to himself and other ethnic minority colleagues. Dismissed in disgrace, an employment tribunal found that he had been racially discriminated against. The Met was forced to give him an apology and compensation. He returned to service but soon discovered, having been passed over for promotion, that when you challenge an organisation like the Met, you are a marked man for life. Freshly retired and due to stand in local elections as a Labour councillor, Virdi was arrested again and accused of the most horrendous of crimes: sexually assaulting an underage prisoner nearly three decades before. When it came to court, it took just fifty minutes to acquit the former police man of all charges, with the trial judge noting the likelihood of a conspiracy behind the case. But the damage had been done. For seventeen years the Met had pursued a vendetta against one blameless individual who dared to speak out against injustices, and it had driven him and his family to the edge of the abyss. This is the deeply shocking story of how one of the biggest institutions in the country brought the entire apparatus of state to bear in a campaign to destroy the life of one of its own officers in an apparent act of revenge.

This text is a must for all aspiring or serving policy supervisors. It sincerely deals with a problem that has perplexed police union representatives and could go a long way toward easing labor/management confrontations regarding marginal police performance. "Robert B. Kliesmet, General President, International Union of Police Associations, AFL-CIO"

"Burnout in Blue: Managing The Marginal Police Performer" is an important contribution to professional law enforcement. Today, as never before, the volume of crime and the limited resources allocated to provide police services places tremendous demands on our law enforcemtn agecies. This already difficult situation is compounded further by police employees who perform at a marginal level, thus diminishing the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. The information provided in this book is well researched, insightful, and practical in terms of its application to productive and successful police operations. It is must reading' for every police supervisor and manager. "Jerald R. Vaugh, Executive Director, International Association of Chiefs of Police"

"Burnout in Blue" confronts the problem of poor police performance and shows police supervisors how to identify and deal effectively with marginal, unresponsive subordinates. Few if any books in the field offer such concrete, practical guidelines for improved police performance.

The fundamental change in policing that began in 2001 was a critical part of the Northern Ireland peace process. Seventy years after its establishment the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) remained distrusted and unrepresentative of the Catholic - nationalist community. This book explores how policing changed and the significant contribution that overhaul made to the most successful conflict transformation process in recent decades. It looks at policing from an organizational perspective and focuses on leadership, strategy and culture as it traces the journey from RUC to PSNI. In this way it reflects the views of many key figures inside the organization and of key political decision makers outside of it. This book will be of tremendous interest to those seeking to explore the underlying dynamics of one of the most radical and challenging change processes in recent history and is a must read for anyone interested in the Northern Irish peace process.

This is the shocking true story of a New York City cop caught in a web of paranoia, guns, a distorted sense of good and evil, and impending disaster...an actual case study with chilling psychological implications. His name was Pete Bon Viso, a poor city kid who made good by joining the Force. He knew and liked the street people. Having grown up in an impoverished neighborhood, he saw himself as a member of the 'underclass' and identified with their problems. There were few cops in the Ninth Precinct as instinctively in touch with the criminal mind as Pete Bon Viso. According to his former partners, "He was no spit and polish cop...[but] a gung-ho cop and an intense booster of the brotherhood." Then there were reports of a strange gun battle, and rumors of an attempt to murder a state official. Pete Bon Viso was in the middle of it all and nobody knew why or how. Pete claimed he was being stalked by a drug addict he had arrested and helped to convict, that man was trying to kill him and that his only hope was to "get him first." There was a department hearing and Pete was suspended. Records showed that the addict in question was serving time, safely behind bars. But Pete persisted in his claim. His partner guessed the truth but tried to protect him. At twenty-five, married, and the father of a five-month-old son, Patrolman Pete Bon Viso was suffering from paranoid hallucinations. James Willwerth explores in depth what happened to Pete-his background and family, his view of himself in relation to the police department, and the reasons why he came apart.

A practicing analyst combines broad training and research and hands-on experience in this first comprehensive reference/text assessing criminal, investigative, and strategic analysis techniques and reports, while showing how they support every facet of law enforcement today. The sourcebook gives a history of the field of analysis and of the education and training of analysts; lists and describes analytical techniques in an easy-to-access A to Z arrangement; offers a step-by-step approach to the development of public and strategic reports; discusses the applications of analytical techniques in violent crime, organized crime, narcotics, white collar crime, and street crime; highlights the work of important agencies, organizations, and individuals in the field of analysis; and points to future needs and uses for criminal analysis. A glossary, appendix description of computer software, and lengthy bibliography further enrich this reference guide and teaching tool for analysts, law enforcement officers, and criminal justice students and experts.

Public safety professionals work together in life-and-death situations. During natural or transportation disasters, industrial accidents, shootings, suicides or dozens of other instances, police officers, firefighters, and paramedics are called upon to assist both injured and uninjured people. Although often romanticized in television series and in films, the real-life tasks of public safety professionals are usually unpleasant--restraining violent individuals and removing accident, homicide, and suicide victims from death scenes--and always highly stressful. They are frequently subjected to additional stress when their efforts are criticized by family members of the injured or deceased. Although stress can be harmful, even fatal, police officers, firefighters, and paramedics can have more productive and satisfying lives when they learn to positively control stress, rather than be controlled by it. This English language bibliography consisting of more than 700 references, covering the time period 1945 to early 1989, can help these and other professionals manage stress more effectively. Source publications, all of which are annotated, include books, articles, conference proceedings, theses, government publications, and dissertations. The bibliography section is composed of six chapters addressing psychological and physiological factors, the family, substance abuse, accidents, and suicide, with references arranged alphabetically by author surname. A list of acronyms and author and subject indexes complete the work. Of paramount importance to police officers, firefighters, and paramedics as well as their families, this bibliography will provide legislators, physicians, nurses, socialworkers, psychiatrists, psychologists, and sociologists with extensive and substantial documentation on the stress-filled work lives of these public safety professionals.

Jackson's expertise shines in this innovative analysis of the link between social inequality and law enforcement efforts. The research connects the level of conflict characterizing majority-minority relations to the level of financial investment in police resources. . . . Readers will find scholarly attention to theory, responsible implications for policy, and a careful diagnosis of the limits to law enforcement, along with a bibliography that reflects the cutting edge of research. This book should be available wherever a program in criminology, stratification, or criminal justice studies exists. "Choice"

In a major contribution to the criminology literature, Pamela Irving Jackson examines the societal expectations for police work--from national, regional, and local perspectives--and attempts to identify the conflicts within these expectations. Basing her study upon quantitative analysis of the determinants of police spending in cities throughout the United States during the 1970s, Jackson demonstrates that the history, traditions, socioeconomic traits, and racial and ethnic population mix characteristic of each social context influence the expectations set for police officers and the support they are accorded. An exploration of newspapers' treatment of the police and issues of police/minority relations in selected cities adds depth to the analysis by providing the public perspective on policing and its variations by location and time period.

The author's central thesis is that the mobilization of municipal police resources in the early 1970s was influenced by the size of the minority population in the city, especially in locations of historical tension in minority/majority relations. By the end of the decade, Jackson shows, the impact of minority threat in determining municipal police appropriations had changed in form and focus and there developed a new awareness of the role of police and a corresponding recognition of the stress under which individual officers operate. Her conclusions regarding the effect of unrealistic expectations on the overall performance of police work offer an important counterweight to arguments that the police failed to control escalating crime or resort too often to violence in the performance of of their duties. An excellent supplementary text for courses in criminology, criminal justice, and sociology, this book offers a realistic appraisal of the limits of police work that will enable policymakers and the police themselves to make a more accurate determination of the situation in which police work can be most useful.

Until now, most discussion of racial profiling has given only fleeting consideration of its causes. Those causes are overwhelmingly psychological. In Suspect Race, social psychologist and public policy expert Jack Glaser leverages a century's worth of social psychological research to provide a clear understanding of how stereotypes, even those operating outside of conscious awareness or control, can cause police to make discriminatory judgments and decisions about who to suspect, stop, question, search, use force on, and arrest. Glaser argues that stereotyping, even nonconscious stereotyping, is a completely normal human mental process, but that it leads to undesirable discriminatory outcomes. Police officers are normal human beings with normal cognition. They are therefore influenced by racial stereotypes that have long connected minorities with aggression and crime. Efforts to merely prohibit racial profiling are inadequate. Additionally, Glaser finds evidence that racial profiling can actually increase crime, and he considers the implications for racial profiling in counterterrorism, finding some similarities and some interesting differences with drug war profiling. Finally, he examines the policy landscape on which racial profiling resides and calls for improved data collection and supervision, reduced discretion, and increased accountability. Drawing on criminology, history, psychological science, and legal and policy analysis, Glaser offers a broad and deep assessment of the causes and consequence of racial profiling. Suspect Race brings to bear the vast scientific literature on intergroup stereotyping to offer the first in-depth and accessible understanding of the primary cause of racial profiling, and to explore implications for policy.

This volume goes beyond other books on police leadership by exploring the topic from a distinctively police perspective. Based on a leadership model developed specifically for the police leader, the book focuses on behaviour and how that behaviour shapes both the culture and the climate of an organization.

This book critically examines coordination work between police officers and agencies. Police work requires constant interaction between police forces and units within those forces, yet the process by which police work with one another is not well understood by sociologists or practitioners. At the same time, the increasing inter-dependence between police forces raises a wide set of questions about how police should act and how they can be held accountable when locally-based police officers work in or with multiple jurisdictions. This rearrangement of resources creates important issues of governance, which this book addresses through an inductive account of policing in practice. Policing Integration builds on extensive fieldwork in a multi-jurisdictional environment in Canada alongside a detailed review of ongoing research and debates. In doing so, this book presents important theoretical principles and empirical evidence on how and why police choose to work across boundaries or create barriers between one another.

Criminal enterprises are growing in sophistication. Terrorism is an ongoing security threat. The general public is more knowledgeable about legal matters. These developments, among others, necessitate new methods in police work--and in training new recruits and in-service officers. Given these challenges, improvements in training are a vital means of both staying ahead of lawbreakers and delivering the most effective services to the community.

"Police Organization and Training" surveys innovations in law enforcement training in its evolution from military-style models toward continuing professional development, improved investigation methods, and overall best practices. International dispatches by training practitioners, academics, and other experts from the US, the UK, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, and elsewhere emphasize blended education methods, competency-building curricula, program and policy development, and leadership concepts. These emerging paradigms and technologies, coupled with a clear focus on ethical issues, provide a lucid picture of the future of police training in both educational and law enforcement contexts. In addition, the book's training templates are not only instructive but also adaptable to different locales. Featured in the coverage: Simulation technology as a training tool, the Investigation Skill Education Program and the Professionalizing Investigation Program, redesigning specialized advanced criminal investigation and training, a situation-oriented approach to addressing potentially dangerous situations, developments in United Nations peacekeeping training and combating modern piracy

"Police Organization and Training "is a key resource for researcher sand policymakers in comparative criminal justice, police and public administration, and police training academies. It also has considerable utility as a classroom text in courses on policing and police administration.

Includes a forward by Ronald K Noble, Secretary General of INTERPOL. "

From the night watchmen of the 17th century to the highly publicized Rodney King hearings, the history and development of police policy and the role of police in American society are traced through this collection of 95 primary documents. Students, teachers, and interested readers can use this valuable resource to examine the development and role of the police in the United States through the words of the people who were involved in the struggle to enforce laws, uphold the Constitution, maintain safe and stable communities, and create efficient and effective police forces. An explanatory introduction precedes each document to aid the user in understanding the economic, political, social, and legislative forces that helped shape the role of the police in our society.

Riots, strikes, commission reports, innovations, groundbreaking studies, and major court cases from different time periods are presented in a balanced manner. This volume is divided into seven parts, each part representing a different time period in which the roles of the police were being redefined. Vila and Morris present the reader with theories from different professionals on what the role of the police should be and how to develop these roles, as well as presenting successful and unsuccessful models to help readers draw their own conclusions.

Designed to meet the growing demand for evaluation material, this volume fills a major gap in criminal justice literature. It details the first comprehensive, broad based, and theoretically grounded model for evaluating police management training programs. In a clear and concise style it develops a complete set of instruments for evaluation and then illustrates use of the model and the instruments on a specific program. Byron Simerson and William Markham have included all of the instruments needed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and the instructions for their use. Alleviating the problem of haphazard evaluation, this volume was designed for police chiefs and training directors in larger jurisdictions, state criminal justice academies, the Training and Standards Divisions of State Departments of Justice, and state and federal law enforcement agencies.

Administrators are now recognizing the importance of determining training program efficiency, particularly in light of the growing concerns over legal liability. "Evaluating Police Management Development ProgramS" provides the tools and expertise needed to conduct a comprehensive program evaluation. Chapters provide: an overview of existing literature, model description, research procedures, model application to a specific police executive development program, reaction by North Carolina police chiefs, and a description of how the model can be applied to any police management development program. Appendices provide all instruments including precourse surveys, observation evaluation forms, course critiques, follow up surveys and chiefs' evaluation surveys.

The need for evidence-based practice to enhance current and future police training and assessment has never been greater. This need focuses on the procedures and findings of research within the field of police work along with the philosophy guiding these research approaches and commentaries on the methods being used. With many future directions for the science of police training and assessment, the focus on new training techniques and technologies for improving performance is of the upmost importance to find the best current, evidence-based practices for policing. In addition to these practices, understanding the practical realities and challenges of implementing cutting-edge procedures is essential in gaining a holistic view on police well-being and performance. Interventions, Training, and Technologies for Improved Police Well-Being and Performance is a critical publication that explores new training methods and technologies. The future of policing is poised to change, making the need for developments in evidence-based practices more important than ever before. New technology and techniques for improving performance and the perception of the police force can guide the policies and practices of law enforcement, trainers and academies, government officials, policymakers, psychologists, psychiatrists, therapists, to a more effective implementation of training and procedures. Including the perspective of police officers within the publication, this text offers insight into an often neglected viewpoint when creating training and policies. This text is also be beneficial for researchers, academicians, and students interested in the new training techniques, technologies, and interventions for police performance and well-being.

This in-depth survey of the federal law enforcement system is divided into four sections. The first gives an overview of the types of positions available, with their requirements and benefits. The entire second section is devoted to the Department of Justice, the agency solely responsible for the prosecution of federal offenses. . . . (The third section consists of 42 black and white illustrations of federal agency badges.) The agency profiles in the fourth section follow a standard format. . . . The profiles run the gamut of federal enforcement agencies, from the large and well-known, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, to small and obscure agencies such as the Supreme Court Police. The detailed information conveniently brought together in this handbook will make it a useful reference source not only for specialized law enforcement collections but wherever there is interest in public policy or a need for career information. Booklist Here is an in-depth study both of the larger, more publicized federal enforcement agencies and of the smaller ones about which little is known. Special attention is given to agency funding, types of positions available, personnel practices, and to the clarification of criminal, general investigator, and uniformed police positions. The Department of Justice and its specific agencies that perform law enforcement duties are examined in great detail. Photographs of the badges issued by the various federal agencies are included. Profiles of sixty-one federal police and investigative agencies complete with organizational structure charts, personnel strengths, and agency responsibility are arranged alphabetically. Detailed appendices include several examples of the training required for federal agents, important personnel forms, and the 1984 fiscal year salary schedule.

In the first half of nineteenth century France was characterized by extraordinary regional and linguistic diversity but the state increasingly became a central force in the lives of its citizens. One way that it did so was through its police force, which, as John Merriman details in this work, developed into a modern profession during this period. He describes the careers of policemen, how they were hired, the difficulties they faced and successes they enjoyed. Through the lives of these men, he shows how the political issues of the day, as well as incompetence and imprudence, could bring a sudden, inglorious end to their work in the police. His study of these men underscores how the police helped the state affirm its primacy, winning the allegiance, or at least the obedience, of the French people. Reconstructing events from police reports, Merriman chronicles the street life of Frances's growing towns and cities through the prism of the people who enforced its laws and maintained the peace. Police were on the scene to investigate suicides and deaths; break up workers' strikes and fights among brawling drunkards; adjudicate in cases of merchants cheating customers; deal with cases of missing persons; and control political militants. He also looks at their frequent encounters while policing outsiders, such as itinerant workers, beggars, bands of traveling thieves, prostitutes, and abandoned children. Based on a wealth of primary research from over seventy archives, Merriman offers an evocative Tour de France seen through the eyes of provincial policemen and the people they encountered on their rounds.

Little is known about those at the command end of policing in Europe. Over the last two years, Bryn Caless and Steve Tong have had unique access to those at the top of Europe's police forces, obtaining detailed comments from more than a hundred strategic police leaders in 22 countries and presenting, for the first time, information about how they are selected for high office, how they are held to account and what their views are on current and future challenges in policing. Building on research conducted in the UK, this is a timely and unparalleled insight into a little-known elite in the law-enforcement world.

Privacy and data protection in police work and law enforcement cooperation has always been a challenging issue. Current developments in EU internal security policy, such as increased information sharing (which includes the exchange of personal data between European law enforcement agencies and judicial actors in the area of freedom, security and justice (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex and OLAF)) and the access of EU agencies, in particular Europol and Eurojust, to data stored in European information systems such as the SIS (II), VIS, CIS or Eurodac raise interesting questions regarding the balance between the rights of individuals and security interests. This book deals with the complexity of the relations between these actors and offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the structures for information exchange in the area of freedom, security and justice and their compliance with data protection rules in this field.

The Politics of Private Security is the first in-depth conceptual and empirical analysis of the political issues, processes and themes associated with private security provision. It not only offers a new narrative about the rise of private security in the postwar era, but also facilitates the development of a much more sophisticated social-scientific understanding of this significant trend. Drawing upon a wealth of historical and contemporary data, it advances original answers to the following key questions. How have private security companies become so prominent? What motivates them? What is their relationship with the state? How can they be controlled? And what does their increasingly ubiquitous presence in twenty-first century society tell us about the future of security provision?

This book combines social and institutional histories of Russia, focusing on the secret police and their evolving relationship with the peasantry. Based on an analysis of Cheka/OGPU reports, it argues that the police did not initially respond to peasant resistance to Bolshevik demands simply with the gun--rather, they listened to peasant voices.

The Primeiro Comando do Capital (PCC) is a Sao Paulo prison gang thatsince the 1990s has expanded into the most powerful criminal network inBrazil. Karina Biondi's rich ethnography of the PCC is uniquely informedby her insider-outsider status. Prior to his acquittal, Biondi's husband wasincarcerated in a PCC-dominated prison for several years. During the periodof Biondi's intense and intimate visits with her husband and her extensivefieldwork in prisons and on the streets of Sao Paulo, the PCC effectively controlledmore than 90 percent of Sao Paulo's 147 prison facilities. Available for the first time in English, Biondi's riveting portrait of thePCC illuminates how the organisation operates inside and outside of prison,creatively elaborating on a decentered, non-hierarchical, and far-reachingcommand system. This system challenges both the police forces againstwhich the PCC has declared war and the methods and analytic concepts traditionallyemployed by social scientists concerned with crime, incarceration,and policing. Biondi posits that the PCC embodies a "politics of transcendence,"a group identity that is braided together with, but also autonomousfrom, its decentralized parts. Biondi also situates the PCC in relation toredemocratization and rampant socioeconomic inequality in Brazil, as wellas to counter-state movements, crime, and punishment in the Americas.

Police personnel have increasingly been deployed outside their own domestic jurisdictions to uphold law and order and to help rebuild states. This book explores the phenomenon of a new international policing and outlines the range of challenges and opportunities it presents to both practitioners and theorists.

Transparency has in recent years become a buzzword in the economic-political debate about prospects for economic growth in general and for Europe in particular. A number of events, trends, and developments for example the East-Asian financial crisis, a series of corporate governance scandals in the United States and in Europe, the introduction of the euro as a common currency in part of the European Union, a global trend toward politically independent central banks, growing attention to environmental issues, and attempts to reform the governance structures of supranational and multilateral organizations such as the EU and the UN have made transparency an issue of highest concern. However, the long and winding road leading from improved transparency in Europe to increased economic growth in the region has never been mapped out in a coherent way. The reason is simply that the causal chain from transparency to growth needs to be discussed in a comprehensive, interdisciplinary way, incorporating different research areas and traditions from accounting to economics and political science. This book attempts to bridge that gap in current literature.
What is transparency? Are there different kinds of it? What does it do? How much of it do we need, and for what purpose? In this book, the purpose of transparency is assumed ultimately to be higher rates of economic growth, and so the analyses in the different chapters take an instrumental view of transparency, where the relevant question is whether increased transparency leads to more efficient resource allocation. The chapters address transparency in different markets and at different levels: from corporate financial disclosure to lobbying;from the risk incentives facing banks to competition and environmental policies.
The book raises important questions and delivers a wealth of insights which will be of great use to a wide spectrum of audiences, including researchers and students on the one hand and policy makers, bureaucrats, and finance and investment professionals on the other.
The Editor
Lars Oxelheim holds a chair in International Business and Finance at Lund University, Lund and is an affiliate of the Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IUI), Stockholm and of the Fudan University, Shanghai. His current research focuses on the implications of macroeconomic disturbances for corporate performance and issues related to economic and financial integration. He has published some 25 books and numerous articles in the areas of international business and finance, corporate finance and corporate governance. Among his recent monographs are Money Markets and Politics: A Study of European Financial Integration and Monetary Policy Options (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003) (with Jens Forssbaeck), European Union and the Race for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe (Oxford: Elsevier, 2004) (co-edited/authored with Pervez Ghauri) and Corporate Performance and the Exposure to Macroeconomic Fluctuations (Stockholm: Norstedts Academic Publishers, 2005) (with Clas Wihlborg).
*This series: Provides an international perspective to the study of business, with a special emphasis on management and marketing issues
*Deals with such topics as globalization, international business negotiations, cross-cultural communication, entry strategies, doing business in different regions, and future trends
*Also focuses on thedevelopment of international business theory, methodological issues, the results of empirical studies and the findings of practitioners

Gardner explores the global ramifications of the NATO-Russian relationship. He argues that NATO enlargement into Central Europe risks the overextension of NATO's political consensus and could provoke Russia and other states that do not expect to become full members of the alliance. He concludes by proposing an alternative system of security for the region. Gardner explores the global ramifications of the NATO-Russian relationship. He examines NATO's Partnership for Peace initiative as it relates to Russia, and he argues that NATO risks provoking Russia and other states that do not expect to become full members of the alliance. He contends that if NATO and Russia cannot reach a compromise over a new system of security in Central and Eastern Europe, then Russia could adopt an increasingly assertive Eurasian stance by more closely aligning with potentially anti-Western states such as Belarus, China, India, Iraq, and Iran. Likewise, the possibility of a renewed division of Europe cannot be ruled out. Gardner asserts that it is absolutely necessary to draw Russia into a concerted relationship with the United States and the European Union. He concludes by formulating a viable system of cooperative-collective security for all Central and Eastern European states backed by conjoint NATO, European, and Russian security guarantees. This is a thoughtful and provocative analysis of great interest to policymakers and students of international relations and contemporary defense issues.