Nanofluid Applications for Advanced Thermal Solutions brings together expert, global contributions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer application of nanofluids in a variety of fields, while also explaining the main techniques used in nanofluid flow and heat transfer analysis. The book features basic information describing an introduction to heat transfer, nanofluid conduction, convection and nanofluid boiling for readers who may not have a thorough understanding of a variety of applications, including the energy storage component of solar PVT systems. It covers fundamental topics such as the analysis and measurement of thermophysical properties, convection, and heat transfer equipment performance. Other sections explore convective instabilities, nanofluids in porous media, and entropy generation in nanofluids. This book will be useful to upper undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students and researchers in the fields of nanotechnology and nanofluids looking at heat transfer processes in chemical engineering and the petroleum industry.

Encyclopedia of Nanomaterials, Three Volume Set provides a comprehensive reference work on the creation, characterization, property and processing of nanomaterials. Sections cover the synthesis, functionalization, assembly and characterization of nanomaterials, their chemical, physical and biological properties, their processing in the form of coating, special texture and surface patterns, nanodevice fabrication, large-scale manufacturing, and their health and environmental impacts. Focusing on the fundamental concepts of nanomaterials and the key processes to understand, manipulate, and process them, this reference gives readers the ability to design and produce nanomaterials according to the requirements of their specific applications. Further, this encyclopedia includes sections that specifically discuss the large-scale manufacture of nanomaterials and the possible environmental and health impacts of their widespread use in many practical settings. It is written for graduate students and researchers in various fields, including biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry, energy, environmental science, catalysis, etc.

Frontiers in Aquaculture Biotechnology presents a broad-spectrum of topics, covering different key aspects of aquaculture. With the rising importance of aquaculture research, evidence-based information is integral in advancing this field. This book provides a solid resource of information on DNA barcoding for fish species authentication and seafood labelling and cell culture, including stem cell culture, in vitro research using fish cell lines such as in vitro fish meat, reproductive biotechnology, including surrogate technology, gene editing and genetically modified aquaculture species, biofloc technology, and omic technologies such as proteomics, artificial intelligence and biobanking. This book will be a valuable resource to students, researchers a nd entrepreneurs interested in a better understanding of this emerging field of aquaculture.

Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Fourth Edition, a Four Volume Set, provides updated information on the foundations of nutrition science, along with the biology and functions of vitamins and other essential nutrients present in the human diet. The book's content offers a modern understanding of the links between diet and health effects, including diseases of recognized nutritional etiology. This overview of the genetic and molecular aspects of nutrient-health interrelationships includes important content on topics like nutrigenomics, metabolomics and the microbiome. In addition, the book provides global context, particularly on the issue of food production, sustainability and climate change. The new edition carries on the legacy of a reference work that comprehensively offers a one-source, integrated bank of information on all three areas - food, nutrition science and clinical nutrition.

Comprehensive Structural Integrity, Second Edition, a Ten Volume Set, provides material scientists and engineers with an authoritative and complete one-stop reference tool on all aspects of this exciting field. The book puts special emphasis on the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it is an indispensable resource for mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds, including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. Structural Integrity is the ability of a component, structure or asset to operate properly under the pressure of a load, including the weight of the asset itself. It's a vital consideration for structural engineering: essentially the science and technology which can prevent disaster.

Fungal Cell Factories for Sustainable Nanomaterials Productions and Agricultural Applications explores the mycogenic synthesis of many metal nanoparticles, including processing processes, environmental protection, and future perspectives. Nanomaterials, including silver, gold, palladium, copper, zinc, selenium, titanium dioxide, metal sulphide, cellulose, have been formed by major fungal genes, such as mushrooms, Fusarium, Trichoderma, endophytic fungi, and yeast, in addition to lichens. Understanding the exact process involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles and the effects of various factors on the reduction of metal ions can help to improve low-cost strategies for the synthesis and extraction of nanoparticles. Other sections focus on a new framework for the production of nano-antimicrobial, the use of myconanoparticles against plant diseases, post-harvest antibiotics, mycotoxin control and plant pests in addition to certain animal pathogens. Myconanomaterials are well developed with great potential and promise for advanced diagnostics, biosensors, precision farming and targeted smart delivery systems.

Resonance: Long-Lived Waves, a volume in the Interface Transmission Tutorial Book Series, introduces long-life resonance properties for telecommunications. The authors review the general analysis methods of interface transmission and give many examples applying these methods to telecommunications systems (materials and devices). Each chapter introduces and defines the long-lived resonances, their path states and phase shifts, and applications. Resonance is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia and R&D and may also be appropriate for applied physicists.

Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding, Second Edition reviews developments in adhesive bonding for a range of advanced structural engineering applications. This new edition has been fully revised to include the latest advances in materials, testing and modeling methods, lifecycle considerations, and industrial implementation. Sections review advances in commonly used groups of structural adhesives, covering epoxy, acrylic, anaerobic and cyanoacrylate, polyurethane, and silicone adhesives, along with toughening. Other chapters cover various types of adherends and pre-treatment methods for structural materials, including metals, plastics, composites, wood and joint design and testing, including topics such as fracture mechanics, life prediction techniques, and advanced testing methods. This is a valuable guide for all those working with structural adhesives, including those in an industrial setting, adhesive specialists, structural engineers, design engineers, R&D professionals, and scientists, as well as academic researchers and advanced students in adhesives, joining technology, materials science and mechanical engineering.

Risk Assessment and Management for Ships and Offshore Structures helps engineers accurately analyze results and apply engineering principles to a vast range of oil and gas structures. Bridging theoretical-depth and practical application, this reference gives specific applications for risk assessment and integrity management for different ships and offshore structures, covering aspects of offshore production and drilling systems from the sea floor to the surface. Divided into different sections, and starting with a discussion of risk management background, the book then covers risk assessment for specific installations such as BOPs, marine production systems, subsea systems, deepwater production risers and pipelines. This book provides offshore petroleum engineers with both the theoretical principles and practical application skills needed to face today's offshore challenges and structures.

Encyclopedia of Sensors and Biosensors, Four Volume Set provides unique foundational level information on the rapidly growing sensor community. The book covers innovations in materials, designs, devices and software that find their way into new types of sensors. Sections include over 1000 color images, including representations of sensor design, sensor manufacturing, and assessments of sensor performance. In addition, applications of sensors in healthcare, food safety, environmental engineering and other fields are discussed, making this a truly interdisciplinary work. The book is structured using a logical and thematic approach, with chapters taking a balanced viewpoint, listing both advantages and disadvantages. Perfect for those learning their trade in both academia and industry, this vital reference work will serve many groups, including chemists, engineers, biological scientists, clinicians, and industrial researchers.

14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, Volume 49 brings together the international community of researchers and engineers interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. The conference highlights the contributions of the PSE community towards the sustainability of modern society and is based on the 2021 event held in Tokyo, Japan, July 1-23, 2021. It contains contributions from academia and industry, establishing the core products of PSE, defining the new and changing scope of our results, and covering future challenges. Plenary and keynote lectures discuss real-world challenges (globalization, energy, environment and health) and contribute to discussions on the widening scope of PSE versus the consolidation of the core topics of PSE.

Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, Fifteen Volume Set is the market-leading resource covering all areas of this critical sub-discipline of chemistry. Divided into 15 clear sections, it provides expert coverage of the synthesis, structures, bonding and reactivity of all organometallic compounds, including the mechanisms of the reactions. Applications of organometallic chemistry, such as the role of these compounds as reagents and catalysts for organometallic transformations, and their participation in bioorganometallic chemistry, is then covered. This is a vibrant area, as illustrated by the fact that the 2001, 2005 and 2010 Nobel prizes in Chemistry are all concerned with organometallic chemistry. This new edition will therefore again provide an invaluable and efficient learning resource for all researchers and educators looking for up-to-date analysis of a particular aspect of organometallic chemistry.

Microfluidics: Modeling, Mechanics and Mathematics, Second Edition provides a practical, lab-based approach to nano- and microfluidics, including a wealth of practical techniques, protocols and experiments ready to be put into practice in both research and industrial settings. This practical approach is ideally suited to researchers and R&D staff in industry. Additionally, the interdisciplinary approach to the science of nano- and microfluidics enables readers from a range of different academic disciplines to broaden their understanding. Alongside traditional fluid/transport topics, the book contains a wealth of coverage of materials and manufacturing techniques, chemical modification/surface functionalization, biochemical analysis, and the biosensors involved. This fully updated new edition also includes new sections on viscous flows and centrifugal microfluidics, expanding the types of platforms covered to include centrifugal, capillary and electro kinetic platforms.

De novo Peptide Design: Principles and Applications presents the latest developments in the fields of therapeutic peptides and bio-nanotechnology. The title focuses on the design of peptides, particularly how peptides may be tailored to specific functions. It includes computational and experimental protocols to assist in the design of peptides. Sections cover the basics of protein and peptide structure, modeling and simulation, solid phase peptide synthesis, peptide-based antibiotics, drug delivery, peptide nanomaterials, aromatic interactions directing nano-assembly, protein/peptide aggregation, therapeutic interventions against protein/peptide aggregation diseases, peptide based hydrogels, computational tools and algorithms for peptide design, and experimental protocols in peptide chemistry. In addition, the book covers key aspects in peptide design, providing a solution for researchers working within the 'peptidic universe' to create new therapeutic agents.

Encyclopedia of Energy Storage, Four Volume Set provides a point-of-entry, foundational-level resource for all scientists and practitioners interested in this exciting field. All energy storage technologies - including both their fundamentals, materials and applications - are covered, with contributions written and expertly curated by some of the world's leading scientists. The result is a comprehensive collection of the most important data, concepts and studies published in the field. Clearly structured into eight thematic sections, the book's coverage includes storage related to thermodynamics, thermal energy, thermal mechanical and mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage and batteries, hydroenergy, and finally, capacitors/supercapacitors. This work will be an invaluable tool for researchers in the fields of materials science, energy, engineering, chemistry and physics, and for readers in both industry and academia. Given the rapid expansion of this field and of its literature, this timely compilation of definitive reviews is especially important.

Environmental, Physiological and Chemical Controls of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings provides a review of the environmental, physiological and chemical controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings obtained from plants. In plants, adventitious roots, which are highly useful for vegetative propagation (or clonal propagation) are produced mainly from leaves, hypocotyls, stems or shoots. Vegetative propagation may occur naturally by using propagules such as roots, underground and aerial stems, leaves, buds and bulbils. It may also be done artificially through regenerative organs (rhizomes, bulbs, and corms) and by utilizing specialized methods, like cutting, grafting and layering. This book covers the latest tactics surrounding these processes. As a plethora of factors affect the adventitious rooting of cuttings, adding to the complexity of the phenomenon. The main factors which control adventitious root formation are types of cuttings, presence of leaf area on cuttings, types of hormones and their concentration, duration of hormonal treatment (quick dip, long soak, dry dip, spray dip, or total immerse method), maturation (juvenile or mature), genotype, explant position, and more, all of which are discussed here.

Forest Microbiology: Tree Diseases and Pests, Volume Three in the Forest Microbiology series, provides an overview of major disease agents of trees, including viruses, phytoplasma, bacteria, fungi, nematodes and major insect pests. With a strong emphasis on genetics, biochemistry, physiology, evolutionary biology and population dynamics of the organisms involved, this book provides a comprehensive understanding on the health of forests. Sections cover important pest threats such as bark beetles, emerald ash borer, coffee borers, leaf cutting ants, cocoa mirids, and more. This volume highlights a range of emerging diseases of forest trees in temperate and tropic regions as well as information on habitats. Forest trees play crucial roles not only for mitigating effects of the climate change but also for their considerable economic and ecological value. Forest trees are equally vital as an alternative bioenergy source and play important roles in pollution abatement and the maintenance of biodiversity. Timber and its associated products from forest trees contribute substantially to the revenue generation of many countries of the world.

Comprehensive Renewable Energy, Second Edition, Nine Volume Set provides an overview of all renewable energy technologies. The book is written by leading scientists and engineers who have summarized and assessed the most important data, concepts and applications. The field of renewable energy is rapidly changing in light of the accelerating effects of climate change. In addition to extensive updating of the book's first edition, an entirely new section focuses on the environmental and social issues of renewable energy. Given the rapid expansion of publications in this field, the compilation of definitive reviews of this kind is invaluable. This work will be the ideal tool for researchers and students in the fields of material science, energy, engineering and physics, from both industry and academia.

Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using thermoset plastics and the relationships between processing, properties and applications, as well as analyzing the strengths and weakness of different methods and applications. The aim of the book is to help the reader to make the right decision and take the correct action on the basis of informed analysis - avoiding the pitfalls the authors' experience has uncovered. In industry, the book supports engineers, scientists, manufacturers and R&D professionals working with plastics. The information included will also be of interest to researchers and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer chemistry, adhesives and coatings.

Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Three Volume Set provides new insights into gut microbiota as a critical mediator of human health and well-being. Comprehensive chapters, split across three volumes, present trusted and authoritative sources of information for novel human gut microbiome and health research. The book focuses on the fascinating intestinal microbiome and its interaction with food, food bioactive components, nutrition and human health. Chapters address the core science in the microbiota field and draw links between the microbiome, food, nutrition and health interaction. The text reflects the current state of evidence available in the field of microbiota, its regulation at the individual and population level, and the importance of the microbiome to human health. Each section includes introductory chapters that present key concepts about the section objective. Later sections focus on the novel findings of the gut microbiome, food and nutrition science. Human studies and systematic literature reviews are also discussed throughout the work.

Clean Energy and Resources Recovery: Biomass Waste Based Biorefineries, Volume One presents the technological options for energy and resources recovery from all types of organic wastes. The book addresses municipal and industrial sludges, municipal solid waste, agro-residue, animal wastes, industrial waste, forestry residue, and algal biomass, and provides a global overview of biomass waste production, waste handling issues and related GHG emissions and climate change, legislative waste management guidelines, biomass composition, and conventional methods for biomass waste treatment. For each biomass waste, chapters cover energy and bio-based products recovery, pre-treatment methods, process microbiology, community dynamics, co-digestion, reactor design and configuration, and techno-economic evaluation. Case studies on upscaling technology and pilot and industry scale implementation are included, alongside step-by-step calculations that integrate practical field data and regulatory requirements into the environmental design process. Finally, future trends and developments in advanced biotechnological concepts for biomass waste processing and management are also discussed.

Microbial Management of Plant Stresses: Current Trends, Application and Challenges explores plant microbiota including isolated microbial communities that have been used to study the functional capacities, ecological structure and dynamics of the plant-microbe interaction with focus on agricultural crops. Presenting multiple examples and evidence of the potential genetic flexibility of microbial systems to counteract the climate induced stresses associated with their host as a part of indigenous system, this book presents strategies and approaches for improvement of microbiome. As climate changes have altered the global carbon cycling and ecological dynamics, the regular and periodic occurrences of severe salinity, drought, and heat stresses across the different regimes of the agro-ecological zones have put additional constraints on agricultural ecosystem to produce efficient foods and other derived products for rapidly growing world population through low cost and sustainable technology. Furthermore chemical amendments, agricultural inputs and other innovative technologies although may have fast results with fruitful effects for enhancing crop productivity but also have other ecological drawbacks and environmental issues and offer limited use opportunities. Microbial formulations and/or microbial consortia deploying two or multiple partners have been frequently used for mitigation of various stresses, however, field success is often variable and improvement Smart, knowledge-driven selection of microorganisms is needed as well as the use of suitable delivery approaches and formulations. Microbial Management of Plant Stresses: Current Trends, Application and Challenges presents the functional potential of plant microbiota to address current challenges in crop production addressing this urgent need to bring microbial innovations into practice.

Environmental change is affecting the world's agricultural productivity. This is coupled with an increase in population: according to the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs, the global population is estimated to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Therefore, the current situation requires that we develop climate-smart technologies to improve crop productivity to sustain the ever-rising global population. Current-day farmers are introducing a considerable amount of agrochemicals to enhance crop productivity. Indiscriminate agrochemical application has altered not only the soil's physic-chemical and biological properties but also affected human health through food chain contamination. Cyanobacteria, under these changing environmental conditions, may help to resolve the problem significantly without changing the natural soil properties. In spite of their well-known stress tolerance potential, most of the cyanobacterial stress management and signaling pathways are yet to be fully characterized. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore cyanobacterial metabolism under stress as well as their regulatory pathways to exploit them for sustainable agriculture. In recent decades, the application of cyanobacteria has attracted scientists because of uniqueness, better adaptability, and synthetic products. Diverse cyanobacterial communities with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, together with their photosynthetic properties, have demonstrated their application under field conditions. Several cyanobacterial species have thus been exploited to enhance soil fertility, mitigate biotic and abiotic stress, and contamination management. Cyanobacterial Lifestyle and its Applications in Biotechnology has been designed to discuss different aspects of cyanobacterial physiology with the aim of helping to provide a better understanding of advanced cyanobacterial molecular biology and their metabolism to uncover the potential of cyanobacteria in the tailoring of stress smart crops for sustainable agriculture. Chapters include valuable information about the role of cyanobacteria in the evolution of life, cyanobacterial photosynthesis, stress-tolerant cyanobacterium, biological nitrogen fixation, circadian rhythms, genetics and molecular biology of abiotic stress responses.

Encyclopedia of Nuclear Energy, Four Volume Set provides a comprehensive and reliable overview of the many ways nuclear energy contributes to society. Comprised of four volumes, it includes topics such as generating clean electricity, improving medical diagnostics and cancer treatment, improving crop yields, improving food shelf-lives, and crucially, the deployment of nuclear energy as an alternative energy source, one that is proving to be essential in the management of global warming. Carefully structured into thematic sections, this encyclopedia brings together the vast and highly diversified literature related to nuclear energy into a single resource, with convenient to read, cross-referenced chapters. This book will serve as an invaluable resource for researchers in the fields of energy, engineering, material science, chemistry, and physics, from both industry and academia.