A thoroughly revised and updated fourth edition of a text that has become an international standard for curriculum development in health professional education. Intended for faculty and other content experts who have an interest or responsibility as educators in their discipline, Curriculum Development for Medical Education has extended its vision to better serve a diverse professional and international audience. Building on the time-honored, practical, and user-friendly approach of the six-step model of curriculum development, this edition is richly detailed, with numerous examples of innovations that challenge traditional teaching models. In addition, the fourth edition presents * updates in our understanding of how humans learn; * a new chapter on curricula that address community needs and health equity; and * an increased emphasis throughout on health systems science, population health, equity, educational technology in health professions education, and interprofessional education. This new edition remains a cutting-edge tool and practical guidebook for faculty members and administrators responsible for the educational experiences of health professional students, residents, fellows, and practitioners. It includes chapters on each of the steps of curriculum development, with updated examples and questions to guide the application of the timeless principles. Subsequent chapters cover curriculum maintenance and enhancement, dissemination, and curriculum development for larger programs. Appendixes present examples of full curricula designed using the six-step approach, which is widely recognized as the current standard for publication and dissemination of new curricula and provides a basis for meaningful educational interventions, scholarship, and career advancement for the health professional educator. The book also provides curricular, faculty development, and funding resources. Contributors: Chadia N. Abras, Belinda Y. Chen, Heidi L. Gullett, Mark T. Hughes, David E. Kern, Brenessa M. Lindeman, Pamela A. Lipsett, Mary L. O'Connor Leppert, Amit K. Pahwa, Deanna Saylor, Mamta K. Singh, Sean A. Tackett, Patricia A. Thomas

The International Survey of Family Law is the annual review of the International Society of Family Law. It brings together reliable and clearly structured insights into the latest and most notable developments in family law from all around the globe. Chapters are prepared by an international team of selected experts in the field, usually covering 20 or more jurisdictions in each edition. The International Society of Family Law (ISFL) is an independent, international, and non-political scholarly association dedicated to the study, research and discussion of family law and related disciplines. The Society's membership currently includes professors, lecturers, scholars, teachers, and researchers from more than 50 different countries, offering a unique opportunity for networking within a truly international family law community.

This innovative book examines the role an automobile emissions tax could play in reducing emissions in the United States. The author concludes that an emissions tax has the potential to reduce emissions from households vehicles significantly, even when travel demand is relatively price inelastic. Beginning with a theoretical discussion of a first-best tax, a second-best tax on passenger vehicles is developed. This study contains detailed analyses of: * the design of the tax * behavioural responses that lead to emissions reductions, including reductions in the household's vehicle miles of travel and the scrapping of low-value, high emitting vehicles * the effect of the tax on the reduction of emissions * the effect of the tax on households in different income quintiles * the emissions reducing potential of a gasoline tax compared to an emissions tax This study uses a simulation model to analyse the sensitivity of travel demand and the resulting emissions, to different tax rates and demand elasticities. The author concludes that an emissions tax has the potential to reduce emissions from household vehicles significantly, even when travel demand is relatively price inelastic. Taxing Automobile Emissions for Pollution Control will prove invaluable to policymakers and academics in the field of environmental management and environmental economics and policy.

Government accountability is generally accepted to be an essential feature of modern democratic society; while others might turn a blind eye to corruption and wrongdoing, those who value accountability would instead shine a bright light on it. In this context, it is common to hear claims of accountability 'deficit' (a particular mechanism or area is lacking in accountability) and 'overload' (a particular mechanism or area over-delivers on accountability). Despite the frequency of references to these concepts, their precise content remains undeveloped. This book offers an explanation, as well as a framework for future exploration, of these concepts. It highlights the difficulty of defining a benchmark that might be used to measure the amount of accountability in a particular situation, and also the challenge of mapping out accountability mechanisms as a system. While difficult, if accountability is indeed a foundational concept underpinning our system of government, there is merit in meeting these challenges head-on.

The story of a small healthcare startup and its fight for survival against the very federal agencies responsible for its launch as part of the ACA. In the contentious run-up to the passage of the Affordable Care Act, Congress passed a law to make nonprofit health insurance CO-OPs (formally known as Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans) a viable alternative to the public option. The idea was to create new competition in order to lower health insurance premiums and encourage innovation. Nearly two dozen such low-cost CO-OPs were launched in the wake of the ACA's passage; only four are in operation today. In Death by Regulation, Dr. Peter L. Beilenson tells the story of a group of Maryland-based public health professionals who launched the Evergreen Health Cooperative, only to discover that the ACA law encouraging CO-OPs was a "plastic plant"-a piece of legislation created for optics but never intended to be functional. Over most of its four years of existence, Evergreen succeeded against all odds, prevailing over naysayers, big insurance companies, Congress, and its founders' naivete. But in an ironic twist, it was bureaucratic hostility from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-the very Obama administration agency responsible for the CO-OPs-that led to their collective demise. Beilenson traces the huge impact of seemingly small policy decisions on the work of his team and the people their CO-OP was built to serve. He recounts the excitement and satisfaction of launching such a valuable healthcare company, as well as the damage done to scores of employees and tens of thousands of satisfied healthcare customers when bureaucrats ran amok. The only book about these idealistic Obamacare CO-OPs and the obstacles they all faced, Death by Regulation offers an insider view of health policy and the reality of starting an insurance company from scratch.

The Jewish leftist lawyer Ernst Fraenkel was one of twentieth-century Germany's great intellectuals. During the Weimar Republic he was a shrewd constitutional theorist for the Social Democrats and in post-World War II Germany a respected political scientist who worked to secure West Germany's new democracy. This book homes in on the most dramatic years of Fraenkel's life, when he worked within Nazi Germany actively resisting the regime, both publicly and secretly. As a lawyer, he represented political defendants in court. As a dissident, he worked in the underground. As an intellectual, he wrote his most famous work, The Dual State - a classic account of Nazi law and politics. This first detailed account of Fraenkel's career in Nazi Germany opens up a new view on anti-Nazi resistance - its nature, possibilities, and limits. With grit, daring and imagination, Fraenkel fought for freedom against an increasingly repressive regime.

This book presents the health reform experiences over the past three decades of twelve small and medium-sized nations that are not often included in international comparative studies in this field. The major conclusion of the study is that despite many similarities in policy goals, policy challenges and in the menu of policy options for countries that seek to offer universal coverage to their population, the health reforms of the nations in this book did not converge into one direction or model. However, we found several widespread policy experiences that are relevant for others, too.For example, user fees are unpopular everywhere. Governments often try to soften the consequences by exempting large groups of users, thus largely defeating the very purpose of those fees.As a second example, the introduction of new payment modes for medical care - like the shift from fee for service to case-based payment - took much longer than originally expected everywhere, and also failed to deliver their promises of improved transparency or efficiency gains A third example is that proposals are for universal coverage often ignore the challenges of implementing new financing models that elsewhere took decades if not centuries to develop.The conclusions contain both empirical findings and theoretical conclusions of interest to policy-makers and scholars of international comparison. It is accessible for academics, healthcare managers and students as well as a wider audience of readers interested in the changes in healthcare across the world.

While sex work has long been controversial, it has become even more contested over the past decade as laws, policies, and enforcement practices have become more repressive in many nations, partly as a result of the ascendancy of interest groups committed to the total abolition of the sex industry. At the same time, however, several other nations have recently decriminalized prostitution. Legalizing Prostitution maps out the current terrain. Using America as a backdrop, Weitzer draws on extensive field research in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany to illustrate alternatives to American-style criminalization of sex workers. These cases are then used to develop a roster of "best practices" that can serve as a model for other nations considering legalization. Legalizing Prostitution provides a theoretically grounded comparative analysis of political dynamics, policy outcomes, and red-light landscapes in nations where prostitution has been legalized and regulated by the government, presenting a rich and novel portrait of the multifaceted world of legal sex for sale.

En este libro la Dra. Georgina Chan Perdomo y su hija Melisa Perdomo Roy exploran lo que el mundo cientifico recomienda para prevenir las causas principales de muerte en el nacimiento de este milenio: Infartos Cardiacos, Infartos Cerebrales., SIDA/VIH, Cancer y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hace 3,500 anos, se le dieron cinco libros de leyes, La Tora, a un grupo de esclavos perseguidos, para que aprendieran como sobrevivir. En estas primitivas escrituras, podemos encontrar consejos que si los seguimos, previenen o retrazan las cinco causas de muerte mas comun en el presente. Estos escogidos debian compartir esa informacion con el resto de la humanidad. Las similitudes entre las guias de Las Organizaciones Mundial de la Salud del siglo XXI y las antiguas leyes de La Tora son impresionantes. Ellas fueron dadas como Leyes, pero en realidad son una reflexion del amor del Creador por su creacion, la humanidad, para que pudieramos vivir largas vida llenos de felicidad y salud. Que mas tienen Las Escrituras Sagradas que nos pueden ayudar hoy en dia? Discutimos al final del libro el impacto que tuvieron Las Palabras de Dios no solo en nuestra vida fisica sino tambien espiritual.

The general scope of the book is the patentability and morality of human embryonic stem cell research in US, EU and China. The book observes fraudsters operate unsafe human embryonic stem cell therapies and officialdom turns a blind eye to the immoral human embryonic stem cell research in China. The book highlights that both patent control and federal funding control are inefficient and ineffective way to monitoring human embryonic stem cell research. The book finally proposed an approach for china to regulating human embryonic stem cell research-regulating research itself at the reconciled international regime. The potential reader includes academics and practitioners dealing with intellectual property, patent law and stem cell inventions. The topic discussed will also be interesting to a broad readership, including experts, regulators, policy makers and medical researchers in both ethical and legal disciplines in the field of embryonic stem cell research.

A valuable guide to starting and running a successful accountable care organization. Health care in America is undergoing great change. Soon, accountable care organizations-health care organizations that tie provider reimbursements to quality metrics and reductions in the cost of care-will be ubiquitous. But how do you set up an ACO? How does an ACO function? And what are the keys to creating a profitable ACO? Pathways to a Successful Accountable Care Organization will help guide you through the complicated process of establishing and running an ACO. Peter A. Gross, MD, who has firsthand experience as the chairman of a successful ACO, breaks down how he did it and describes the pitfalls he discovered along the way. In-depth essays by a group of expert authors touch on * the essential ingredients of a successful ACO * monitoring and submitting Group Practice Reporting Option quality measures * mastering your patients' responses to the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey * how bundled payments and CPC+ can meld with your ACO * how MACRA and MIPS affect your ACO * the role of an ACO/CIN * the complexities of post-acute care * data analytics * engaging and integrating physician practices Dr. Gross and his colleagues are in a perfect position to guide other health care leaders through the ACO process while also providing excellent case studies for policy professionals who are interested in how their work influences health care delivery. Readers will come away with the necessary knowledge to thrive and be rewarded with cost savings. Contributors: Joshua Bennett, Allison Brennan, Glen Champlin, Kris Corwin, Guy D'Andrea, Joseph F. Damore, Mitchel Easton, Andy Edeburn, Seth Edwards, Jennifer Gasperini, Kris Gates, Shawn Griffin, Peter A. Gross, Brent Hardaway, Mark Hiller, Beth Ireton, Thomas Kloos, Jeremy Mathis, Miriam McKisic, Morey Menacker, Denise Patriaco, Elyse Pegler, John Pitsikoulis, Michael Schweitzer, Bryan F. Smith

Now revised and expanded to cover today's most pressing health threats, "Public Health Law and Ethics "probes the legal and ethical issues at the heart of public health through an incisive selection of government reports, scholarly articles, and relevant court cases. Companion to the internationally acclaimed text "Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint, "this reader can also be used as a stand-alone resource for students, practitioners, scholars, and teachers. It encompasses global issues that have changed the shape of public health in recent years including anthrax, SARS, pandemic flu, biosecurity, emergency preparedness, and the transition from infectious to chronic diseases caused by lifestyle changes in eating and physical activity. In addition to covering these new arenas, it includes discussion of classic legal and ethical tensions inherent to public health practice, such as how best to balance the police power of the state with individual autonomy.

The fate of the dead is a compelling and emotive subject, which also raises increasingly complex legal questions. This book focuses on the substantive laws around disposal of the recently deceased and associated issues around their post-mortem fate. It looks primarily at the laws in England and Wales but also offers a comparative approach, drawing heavily on material from other common law jurisdictions including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. The book provides an in-depth, contextual and comparative analysis of the substantive laws and policy issues around corpse disposal, exhumation and the posthumous treatment of the dead, including commemoration. Topics covered include: the legal frameworks around burial, cremation and other disposal methods; the hierarchy of persons who have a legal duty to dispose of the dead and who are entitled to possession of the deceased's remains; offences against the dead; family burial disputes, and the legal status of burial instructions; the posthumous use of donated bodily material; and the rules around disinterment, and creating an appropriate memorial. A key theme of the book will be to look at the manner in which conflicts involving the dead are becoming increasingly common in secular, multi-cultural societies where the traditional nuclear family model is no longer the norm, and how such legal contests are resolved by courts. As the first comprehensive survey of the laws in this area for decades, this book will be of use to academics, lawyers and judges adjudicating on issues around the fate of the dead, as well as the death industry and funeral service providers.

This book concerns the EU legal and regulatory framework relating to Chemicals in Food. It is divided in two parts: the first section offers an introduction to the European General Food Law with an analysis of EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) and a description of main features of food safety-related regulations. The second part focusses on the legislation finding application concerning chemicals in food from different viewpoints, namely:
- the REACH regulation;
- the enzyme, flavorings and additive regulatory framework;
- the matter of contamination and veterinary drugs;
- the use of Food contact materials.
The final chapter addresses several considerations relating to chemical hazards and crisis management, highlighting shortcomings and lessons from experience.

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a common psychiatric diagnosis in both children and adults since the 1980s and 1990s in the United States. But the diagnosis was much less common-even unknown-in other parts of the world. By the end of the twentieth century, this was no longer the case, and ADHD diagnosis and treatment became an increasingly widespread global phenomenon. As the diagnosis was adopted around the world, the definition and treatment of ADHD often changed in the context of different psychiatric professions, medical systems, and cultures. Global Perspectives on ADHD is the first book to examine how this expanding public health concern is diagnosed and treated in 16 different countries. In some countries, readers learn, over 10% of school-aged children and adolescents are diagnosed with ADHD; in others, that figure is less than 1%. Some countries focus on medicating children with ADHD; others emphasize parent intervention or child therapy. Showing how a medical diagnosis varies across contexts and time periods, this book explains how those distinctions shape medical interventions and guidelines, filling a much-needed gap by examining ADHD on an international scale. Contributors: Madeleine Akrich, Mari J. Armstrong-Hough, Meredith R. Bergey, Eugenia Bianchi, Christian Broer, Peter Conrad, Claire Edwards, Silvia A. Faraone, Angela M. Filipe, Alessandra Frigerio, Valeria Portugal Goncalves, Linda J. Graham, Hiroyuki Ito, Fabian Karsch, Victor Kraak, Claudia Malacrida, Lorenzo Montali, Yasuo Murayama, Sebastian Rojas Navarro, Orla O'Donovan, Francisco Ortega, Monica Pena Ochoa, Brenton J. Prosser, Vololona Rabeharisoa, Patricio Rojas, Tiffani Semach, Ilina Singh, Rachel Spronk, Junko Teruyama, Masatsugu Tsujii, Fan-Tzu Tseng, Manuel Vallee, Rafaela Zorzanelli

Too often in English law `doctor knows best'. Reasonable Care challenges this view. It argues for patient involvement in medical decision-making. It examines critically approaches based on the assertion of patients' legal rights. It concludes that a collaborative model is best suited to enhance both therapy and autonomy.

What do we mean when we talk about rights in relation to health? Where does the language of health rights come from, and what are the implications of using such a discourse? During the last 20 years there have been an increasing number of initiatives and efforts - for instance in relation to HIV/AIDS - which draw on the language, institutions and procedures of human rights in the field of global health. This book explores the historical, cultural and social context of public health activists' increasing use of rights discourse and examines the problems it can entail in practice. Structured around three interlinked themes, this book begins by looking at what health as a right means for our understandings of citizenship and political subjectivities. It then goes on to look at how and why some health problems came to be framed as human rights issues. The final part of the book investigates what happens when health rights are put into practice - how these are implemented, realised, cited, ignored and resisted. Assembling Health Rights in Global Context provides an in-depth discussion of the historical, anthropological, social and political context of rights in health and develops much needed critical perspectives on the human rights approach to global health. It will be of interest to scholars of public health and human rights within health care as well as sociology and anthropology.

Imagine being physically denied access to your office, business or livelihood. Imagine being refused entry to a shop or being told who you can or cannot sit with at a restaurant. Imagine being barred from a hospital room when you or your family member needs critical care. Unthinkable? Today, these scenarios and worse are happening in 'democracies' all over the world, and could be our collective future - orchestrated by AI, Big Tech and state-sponsored apps - all in the name of 'protecting' public health with vaccine passports. The stakes could not be higher. If you do not have a vaccine passport, you will be prevented from accessing basic services, from earning a living or travelling within your own country. Even if you do have one, you will be exposed to unprecedented levels of government and corporate surveillance, data mining and behavioural control. In Scanned, investigative journalist Nick Corbishley examines and exposes the lies and overreach that underpin the wholesale erosion of personal freedoms that is happening at an alarming rate. In clear language supported by rigorous research, Corbishley uncovers how the rollout of vaccine passports not only represents an unprecedented violation of privacy and bodily autonomy, but how it perpetuates the idea that a 'small' collective sacrifice will allow us to return to normality. If things continue on the current path, Corbishley makes clear, getting back to 'normal' is never happening. Put simply, instead of a return to normality, we will see the creation of a starkly different form of existence in which most of us will have virtually no agency over our own lives. Inside Scanned, you'll also find: The massive implications of a tech-enabled digital ID, social credit systems and biometric tracking How basic freedoms and privacy are being handed over to the state and private companies without our knowledge or consent How government programmes and increased surveillance will facilitate discrimination, segregation and stigmas for huge segments of the population Few people want to be seen as outliers, especially if it means feeling responsible or being blamed for the suffering and deaths of others. 'But there is a fundamental flaw in applying the "greater good" argument to vaccine passports,' Corbishley writes, 'because the passports themselves offer precious little in the way of potential good - and a huge amount in the way of potential harm.' This is not a liberal or conservative debate. This is not a vaccinated or unvaccinated debate. This is about freedom, global democracy and how much we are willing to give up. This is about deciding when it is time to say, 'enough!'

Zwingende Voraussetzung der Zulassung eines neuen Arzneimittels ist dessen vorherige klinische Prufung. Diese ist jedoch - trotz der hohen Sorgfaltsanforderungen - mit gesundheitlichen Risiken fur die Studienteilnehmer verbunden. Zur Kompensation prufungsbedingter Gesundheitsschaden sieht die (deutsche) Rechtsordnung eine Kombination von Ersatzanspruchen gegen die Beteiligten der klinischen Arzneimittelprufung und die gem. 40 Abs. 1 S. 3 Nr. 8, Abs. 3 AMG abzuschliessende Probandenversicherung vor. Dieses kombinatorische System als Teilaspekt des Probandenschutzes wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit einer umfassenden Untersuchung unterzogen. Dabei werden Voraussetzungen, Umfang und Durchsetzbarkeit moeglicher Entschadigungsanspruche des Probanden analysiert. Die Verfasserin gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das derzeitige Schadensausgleichsmodell in weiten Teilen unangemessen ist und stellt Reformuberlegungen an.

Public service authorities are required to solicit bids for architectural and engineering services. This work helps to structure the bidding process. It offers procedural recommendations, discusses options for awarding contracts when specific thresholds have not been met by bids, makes specific suggestions for coordinating bidding with the planning process, and presents typical problems that arise in architectural and engineering contracts.

Top policy experts offer Medicare reform solutions for the millions of seniors whose health care depends on America's fastest growing federal entitlement. In Modernizing Medicare, editors Robert Emmet Moffit and Marie Fishpaw bring together a rare combination of leading scholars and policy practitioners to outline a vision for Medicare reform and provide solutions for the millions of seniors whose health care depends on it. Contributors include a former Medicare trustee, a former Medicare administrator, and a former director of the Congressional Budget Office. Detailing Medicare's biggest problems, this team of top policy experts offer solutions based on personal freedom of choice, transparency of price and performance, and market competition among health plans and providers that will secure patients more affordable, more accountable, and higher quality medical care. They also address Medicare's reform needs and analyze the promising performance of the Medicare Advantage program. The authors outline Medicare's major financial problems and the best solutions for Medicare patients and taxpayers alike. While Medicare's accelerating spending is generating higher deficits and debt, standard cost-control strategies--such as payment reductions and price controls--jeopardize patients' access to high-quality care. Contributors: Joseph R. Antos, PhD; Doug Badger; Charles P. Blahous, PhD; Walton F. Francis; John C. Goodman, PhD; Edmund F. Haislmaier; Douglas Holtz-Eakin, PhD; Brian J. Miller, MD, MBA, MPH; Robert Emmet Moffit, PhD; Mark V. Pauly, PhD; Christopher M. Pope, PhD; Gail R. Wilensky, PhD.

COVID-19 is probably the most significant global crisis of any of our lifetimes. The numbers involved have been stupefying, whether they speak of infection and mortality, the scale of public health measures such as mobility restrictions, or the economic consequences for unemployment and public sector spending. A significant amount of research has already been published on COVID-19, with a focus on its medical and epidemiological dimensions but also social science country reports and monitoring projects that are essentially descriptive. The objective of this book is to identify key threads in the global comparative discussion that continue to shed light on COVID-19 and shape debates about what it means for scholarship in health and comparative politics. The editors bring together over 30 authors versed in politics and the health issues in order to understand the health policy decisions, the public health interventions, the social policy decisions, their interactions, and the reasons. The book's coverage is global, with a wide range of key and exemplary countries, and contains a mixture of comparative, thematic, and templated country studies. All go beyond reporting and monitoring to develop explanations that draw on the authors' expertise while engaging in structured conversations across the book.

How do government and private interests shape the health policy process? In this classic text, William G. Weissert and Carol S. Weissert describe how government and private interests help define health policy. Under the Obama administration, the federal government took a broadened role in setting health policy and insurance regulations. But the succeeding Trump administration and a Republican congress threatened to dismantle the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its core tenets. Chronicling these recent important changes, Governing Health explores the political science theory behind this and other major shifts in national health policy. In this thoroughly updated edition, the authors describe how party polarization, a virulent anti-government movement, populist presidential politics, and the demise of "regular order" in Congress shape and define a new approach to health policy. This revised edition also * offers a comprehensive synthesis of Obamacare, touching on everything from Accountable Care and Pay for Performance to insurance industry reforms * highlights the important role of social media in building opposition to universal coverage * tracks passage of the new Medicare physician payment reform, MACRA * analyzes presidential executive orders and administrative rulemaking in dismantling the Affordable Care Act * examines the implications of Supreme Court decisions on Medicaid expansion and state health policy * updates all statistics, charts, and tables This new edition of a highly respected book guides readers toward a deep understanding of modern health policy's complexities. Drawing on compelling current examples, Governing Health is a timely and essential book.

In the 1960s and 1970s, Congress enacted a vast body of legislation to protect the environment and individual health and safety. Collectively, this legislation is known as "risk regulation" because it addresses the risk of harm that technology creates for individuals and the environment. In the last two decades, this legislation has come under increasing attack by critics who employ utilitarian philosophy and cost-benefit analysis. The defenders of this body of risk regulation, by contrast, have lacked a similar unifying theory. In this book, the authors propose that the American tradition of philosophical pragmatism fills this vacuum. They argue that pragmatism offers a better method for conceiving of and implementing risk regulation than the economic paradigm favored by its critics. While pragmatism offers a methodology in support of risk regulation as it was originally conceived, it also offers a perspective from which this legislation can be held up to critical appraisal. The authors employ pragmatism to support risk regulation, but pragmatism also leads them to agree with some of the criticisms against it, and even to level new criticisms of their own. In the end, the authors reject the picture-painted by risk regulation's critics-of widely excessive and irrational regulation, but the pragmatic perspective also leads them to propose a number of recommendations for useful reforms to risk regulation.