With the development of mobile internet technology, people's lifestyle and consumer behavior are changing rapidly. Nowadays, the products on the market are updating more and more frequently, and the traditional marketing theory and brand theory fail to get with the mobile internet. So, what's the innovative marketing to take in the new era? Since 2012, China has entered into the mobile era, and became a major country of mobile internet application. The book summarizes the experience of the author accumulated from many trials and errors in management and marketing innovation, so as to form the pattern of management and marketing for the next 30 years. Mobile Marketing Management lays the foundation for the new era with four pillars: service, substance, superuser, space, known as 4S theory for short. In view of the concept of customer-first, it is all about service, and products become productized service concepts. In view of the failure of mass communication, the competition among all services becomes the competition of substance differentiation. Regarding the popularity of self-organization, it becomes a trend to cooperate with people rather than the company to develop the market. In view of the principle of fuzzy market boundary, the enterprises shall optimize their living space and evolve their development space. This book contains numerous case studies along with analysis and creates the discipline of mobile marketing management, providing innovative theories, methods and tools for the marketing of enterprises. Through this book, readers can master the marketing methods of the mobile internet era. They can apply the marketing theory in this book to guide the marketing practice, thus improving marketing efficiency and reducing marketing costs.

The UK has played a pivotal role in the development of the New Public Management (NPM). This book offers an original, comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of the new public management in the UK and situates these lessons in a broader comparative perspective.Its chapters consider: competing typologies of the New Public Management; issues of professionalism within NPM; debates on social exclusion and equity; the role of different research approaches in evaluating NPM; the evolving nature of NPM and impact of modernization; evaluations of the NPM in mainland Europe, North America, Africa and the Developing World, Australia, and Pacific-Asia. Leading authorities from around the world present evaluations of current thinking in NPM and highlight the challenges which will shape future development and research approaches. This work presents a constructive overview of the nature and impact of the NPM and offers important lessons for public management across the world.

The UK has played a pivotal role in the development of the New Public Management (NPM). This book offers an original, comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of the new public management in the UK and situates these lessons in a broader comparative perspective.Its chapters consider: competing typologies of the New Public Management; issues of professionalism within NPM; debates on social exclusion and equity; the role of different research approaches in evaluating NPM; the evolving nature of NPM and impact of modernization; evaluations of the NPM in mainland Europe, North America, Africa and the Developing World, Australia, and Pacific-Asia. Leading authorities from around the world present evaluations of current thinking in NPM and highlight the challenges which will shape future development and research approaches. This work presents a constructive overview of the nature and impact of the NPM and offers important lessons for public management across the world.

This book analyses central questions in the continuing debate about success factors in corruption prevention and the efficacy and value of anti-corruption agencies (ACAs). How do ACAs become valued within a polity? What challenges must they overcome? What conditions account for their success and failure? What contributions can corruption prevention make to good governance? And in what areas might they have little or no effect on the quality of governance? With these questions in mind, the authors examine the experience of Hong Kong's Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), widely regarded as one of the few successful examples of an ACA. The book is grounded in an analysis of ICAC documents and surveys, the authors' survey of social attitudes towards corruption in Hong Kong, and interviews with former officials.

Trust has been the subject of empirical and theoretical inquiry in a range of disciplines, including sociology, economics, psychology, philosophy, public policy and political theory. The book approaches trust from a multi-disciplinary scope of inquiry. It explains why most existing definitions and theories of trust are inadequate. The book examines how trust evolved from a quality of personal relationships into a critical factor in political institutions and representation, and to an abstract and impersonal factor that applies now to complex systems, including monetary systems. It makes a distinctive contribution by recasting trust conceptually in dialectical and pragmatic terms, and reapplying the concept to our understanding of critical issues in politics and political economy.

In Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art Andre Breton and Diego Rivera, under the effects of German fascism and Russian Stalinism in society, argued that art can only impact society and be revolutionary if it becomes independent of any social constructs. Almost six decades later, in the rise of what became known as "relational aesthetics", the field of multidisciplinarity is expanding and many artistic projects for social change claim to be multidisciplinarity. However, such projects show that we are still far from a broad discourse of multidisciplinarity. Multidisciplinarity takes a step towards a down-to-earth discussion of the relation between disciplinary discourses and grand narratives in three different projects, focusing mainly on its artistic, cultural and management aspects. Indeed, drawing from the eclectic construction of these three multidisciplinary projects, this volume serves to bridge the gap between the theoretical debates of disciplinary discourses and the harshness of everyday life in communities where projects for social change are being implemented. Presenting a panoptical view that places academic research side by side with daily life, Multidisciplinarity unveils the bigger picture of both projects and interdisciplinary discourses. This insightful volume will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as Project Management, Multidisciplinarity, Culture Studies and Organisational Studies.

Entrepreneurship in the Healthcare sector has received increased attention over the last two decades, both in terms of scholarly research and number of innovative enterprises. Entrepreneurial activities and innovations have emerged from and will continue to be driven by several actors along the healthcare value chain but especially from non-traditional healthcare players. In this new volume, we present the reader with several critical issues in healthcare entrepreneurship and innovation, covering a comprehensive set of research topics. We bring together the latest academic research and management practice, with contributions by authors from entrepreneurship, medical sciences, and management, who provide in depth and practical insights into designing and managing entrepreneurship in healthcare. Upon providing a systematic review of the research field, we discuss several important macro-, meso-, and micro-level issues in healthcare entrepreneurship, such as opportunity identification, the entrepreneurial ecosystem including accelerators, the benefits of open innovation for the sector, and social entrepreneurship in healthcare. These topics open up avenues for nurturing entrepreneurship in healthcare through both education and policy. Building on this trend, the book is organized around levels of analysis and specifies which cross-disciplinary efforts are needed to advance understanding of how entrepreneurs discover opportunities and start viable and innovative businesses. Healthcare Entrepreneurship will be of interest scholars of health care and entrepreneurs alike, but also managers of innovative health care enterprises as well as policy makers in the health sector.

High Performing Teams is the essential handbook for managers seeking to enhance productivity and revitalize the workplace. It shows how to put teams together and accelerate their development so that they become high performing more quickly and thus repay the investment in setting them up. The book touches on the extensive theoretical background of teaming and focuses on pragmatic advice and experience. It is: *rich in case studies and applications *full of quick and easy checklists *and contains executive summaries.Michael Colenso is a freelance consultant and an Associate of Wilson Learning and of the Europe Japan Centre. The ...in brief books provide a critical 'snapshot' of the major management fashions and fads influencing business strategy. They cut through the consultants' jargon and steer a practical, common sense course through the theory and hype. They provide managers with a balanced view based on evidence rather than missionary zeal, so that they can be better informed.

In concierge medicine, physicians develop amenities-rich membership programs and collect a monthly or annual membership fee to pay for the amenities in addition to the medical services rendered. Handbook of Concierge Medical Practice Design examines the many considerations physicians must make prior to transitioning their practices into concierge services. Maria K. Todd, a recognized expert in concierge medicine, branding, consulting, healthcare, marketing, medical tourism, planning, and physician practice administration, explains how to set up a concierge practice. She describes how this new business model affects workflow and outlines financial considerations including managed care payer relations, the hybrid practice, and predictive modeling to uncover the hidden factors that affect bottom-line performance. The book supplies readers with models for creating a business plan and a strategy for transforming a practice into a concierge practice. It concludes by covering the legal aspects of creating a concierge practice. It includes patient acquisition and retention strategies as well as detailed plans for adding additional doctors and physician extenders, such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants.The book provides sample employment contracts and advice on how to select and work with consultants. It includes chapters on business process re-engineering, workflow management, financial considerations, competitive analysis, developing a business plan, and how to market the new practice.

Hidden opportunities to improve profits in the healthcare industry abound in the area of discharge planning. The Discharge Planning Handbook for Healthcare: Top Ten Secrets to Unlocking a New Revenue Pipeline provides innovative new solutions that will show hospital administrators how to turn one of the most antiquated aspects of healthcare into one of the most productive. The performance-improvement concepts and approaches discussed in this volume balance all aspects of existing business models and provide a new approach to managing the discharge planning process. Management engineer and Six Sigma Black Belt Ali Birjandi and registered nurse and administrative director Lisa M. Bragg employ innovative solutions to help readers: Redefine the concept of discharge planning Assign the proper metrics The COS-Q snapshot a new tool for success Employ Lean concepts in redesign Apply a practical approach to improvement Create a culture that produces results An extended case study invites managers and administrators to take an interactive approach to the learning and applying of these concepts. A spreadsheet tool is included to help readers stay on task in their quest to improve efficiency and quality of care. The approach and methods taught in this book have led to dramatic results in a number of institutions. When adopted by your organization, they can help to improve performance and boost revenue.

Medicare fraud is big business, but while only a few profit from intentional malfeasance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is now taking a closer look at everyone. The Medicare Recovery Audit Contractor Program, already infamously known as the RAC, swings into full operation in 2010 and every healthcare provider that receives payment under any of the Medicare fee-for-service payment systems will be subject to RAC scrutiny. And scrutinize, they will . Instead of developing another bureaucracy, the government has turned the job of auditing over to outside firms whose payment will be based exclusively on finder fees for recouping improper payments. There will be little tolerance for poor record keeping or gray areas of coding. Written by medical billing guru and Lean accounting expert, Duane Abbey, The Medicare Recovery Audit Contractor Program: A Survival Guide for Healthcare Providers explains all that is required to prepare and successfully defend against inappropriate RAC audit recoveries. Using the same succinct style that always makes his writing so accessible, Abbey illustrates his lessons with simple case studies placed in the context of a fictitious community whose population is served by a hospital, clinics, a nursing facility, and other providers all seeking to maintain compliance and profitability. In discussing RAC guidelines, this resource Shows how to identify overpayment areas and associated compliance issues Details a systematic problem-solving process relative to RAC processes Addresses resource requirements including new personnel, such as RAC specialists Includes planning models for developing compliance departments Provides an extensive glossary to make sense of medical billing's alphabet soup of acronyms While the book works well as a stand-alone reference

This book offers the first exploration into the development of social enterprises in the Greater China region, consisting of Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Mainland China. By drawing on the research and experience of over a dozen scholars and practitioners from across the area, it offers a picture of how a strong State can play an important role as a catalyst in developing the social entrepreneurship sector, particularly by legitimizing it. It delves into the role and impact of institutions and policy on the development of social enterprises, and explains how micro and macro factors might interact in influencing social entrepreneurship. Structured in two parts - policy and cases - it reveals the historical development of the Social enterprises sector in the Chinese context and then illustrates this using cases studies. Providing an alternative view of social entrepreneurship by highlighting the importance of context in this new sector, the book questions whether or not social entrepreneurship is preferable to more conventional models of development. Sparking new interest and offering fresh insight into social entrepreneurship in the Greater China region, this book will be useful to students and scholars of Chinese Studies, Business Studies and Sociology.

Traditionally, the study of financial decision making in law enforcement and criminal justice entities has been approached from the perspective of tax revenues and budgeting that focus only on the past and present. Capital investments of cash flow provide future benefits to all organizations, and among courses in business administration, these notions of long-term financial management are critical to a sound understanding of organizational finance. Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations examines capital budgeting techniques from a quantitative perspective that targets the strategic future of revenues within the criminal justice and law enforcement sectors. Explaining capital budgeting concepts through the use of practical examples, this volume discusses: Economics and the use of money as a tool to facilitate the exchange of goods and services Human decision making, impediments to rendering objective decisions, and methods for improving decision objectivity The consequences of making capital budgeting decisions, the concept of risk, and the time value of money The rendering of decisions using the payback time method and the mathematical formula necessary to use it The concept of discounting and decision rules for net present value How to make an internal rate of return financial decision The mathematical formula for the profitability ratio/index method and using it to make financial decisions In all organizations, it is essential that financial decisions are made through informed insight considering all relevant factors. This volume contributes to improvements of the skills that are required to robustly render beneficial, long-term strategic decisions within the law enforcement and criminal justice environment.

This book locates the issue of 'vulnerability' in an international context, within public-sector reform processes, and goes beyond the conceptualization of existing concepts of policing and vulnerability to include multi- and intra-agency working. It uncovers many competing and contradictory conceptualisations of the phenomenon and shows how a variety of agencies in different jurisdictions prioritise and operationalise this escalating 21st-century social problem. Two recurring themes of this edited collection are the ways in which non-state organisations and agencies have become an acknowledged feature of modern service delivery, and how the withdrawal of the state has heralded a perceptive shift from collective or community provision towards the stigmatization of individuals. Increasingly, public service professionals and 'street level bureaucrats' work in collaboration with non-state agents to attempt to ameliorate vulnerability. Chapter contributions were deliberately drawn from combinatory empirical, theoretical, policy and practice fields, and diverse academic and policy/professional authors. Editors and authors deliberately cast their nets widely to provide integrative scholarship, and contributions from international perspectives to confirm the complexity; and how socio/cultural, political and historic antecedents shape the definitions and responses to vulnerability. This collection will appeal to academics, policy makers and practitioners in a wide variety of disciplines, such as public management and leadership, criminology, policing, social policy, social work, and business management, and any others with an interest in or responsibility for dealing with the issue of vulnerability.

Most business readers have heard of the Lean principles developed for factories a set of tools and ideas that have enabled companies to dramatically boost quality by reducing waste and errors producing more while using less. Yet until now, few have recognized how relevant these powerful ideas are to individuals and their daily work. Every person at a desk, drafting table, workstation, or operating table must (like a factory) deal with the challenge of reducing the waste that creeps into their work. The same Lean principles that have improved efficiencies on the factory floor can be just as powerful in fact, far more so in helping individuals boost personal performance. Winner of a 2013 Shingo Research and Professional Publication Award!A Factory of One: Applying Lean Principles to Banish Waste and Improve Your Personal Performance describes how you can foster a new mindset and improve your performance by applying Lean methods to your work. It translates powerful Lean tools such as visual management, flow, pull, 5S, and kaizen to your daily work, revealing how they can help to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and link you ever more closely to customer value. This practice will help you develop better self-awareness, more disciplined problem-solving skills, and the ability to self-correct errors. This book not only provides the tools, but also teaches you how to find the root causes underlying your inefficiencies so you can eliminate them permanently. It will enable you to immediately improve personal productivity while developing the skills needed for continuous improvement. It includes real-world examples that illustrate how these principles have been successfully applied across a range of industries. Providing the perfect mix of what-to-do with why-to-do it, the text details a step-by-step approach to applying Lean principles to your work. Listen to what Daniel Markovitz has to say about his ne

Americans are bombarded with statistical data each and every day, and healthcare professionals are no exception. All segments of healthcare rely on data provided by insurance companies, consultants, research firms, and the federal government to help them make a host of decisions regarding the delivery of medical services. But while these health professionals rely on data, do they really make the best use of the information? Not if they fail to understand whether the assumptions behind the formulas generating the numbers make sense. Not if they don t understand that the world of healthcare is flooded with inaccurate, misleading, and even dangerous statistics. Statistical Analysis for Decision Makers in Healthcare: Understanding and Evaluating Critical Information in a Competitive Market, Second Edition explains the fundamental concepts of statistics, as well as their common uses and misuses. Without jargon or mathematical formulas, nationally renowned healthcare expert and author, Jeff Bauer, presents a clear verbal and visual explanation of what statistics really do. He provides a practical discussion of scientific methods and data to show why statistics should never be allowed to compensate for bad science or bad data. Relying on real-world examples, Dr. Bauer stresses a conceptual understanding that empowers readers to apply a scientifically rigorous approach to the evaluation of data. With the tools he supplies, you will learn how to dismantle statistical evidence that goes against common sense. Easy to understand, practical, and even entertaining, this is the book you wish you had when you took statistics in college and the one you are now glad to have to defend yourself against the abundance of bad studies and misinformation that might otherwise corrupt your decisions.

How do people cope with having "caused" a terrible accident? How do they cope when they survive and have to live with the consequences ever after? We tend to blame and forget professionals who cause incidents and accidents, but they are victims too. They are second victims whose experiences of an incident or adverse event can be as traumatic as that of the first victims. Yet information on second victimhood and its relationship to safety, about what is known and what organizations might need to do, is difficult to find. Thoroughly exploring an emerging topic with great relevance to safety culture, Second Victim: Error, Guilt, Trauma, and Resilience examines the lived experience of second victims. It goes through what we know about trauma, guilt, forgiveness, and injustice and how these might be felt by the second victim. The author discusses how to conduct investigations of incidents that do not alienate second victims or make them feel even worse. It explores the importance support and resilience and where the responsibilities for creating it may lie. Drawing on his unique background as psychologist, airline pilot, and safety specialist, and his own experiences with helping second victims from a variety of backgrounds, Sidney Dekker has written a powerful, moving account of the experience of the second victim. It forms compelling reading for practitioners, risk managers, human resources managers, safety experts, mental health workers, regulators, the judiciary, and many other professionals. Dekker provides a strong theoretical background to promote understanding of the situation of the second victim and solid practical advice about how to deal with trauma that continues after an event leading to preventable harm or even avoidable death of a patient, consumer, or colleague. Listen to Sidney Dekker speak about his book

This book covers the application of the OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Actions) method. The methods make up a system dedicated to the analysis and management of the risk of biomechanical overload of the upper limbs. The book focuses on the OCRA checklist which presents various models from the most simplified, to the most complex. It describes methods, criteria, procedures and tools on how to perform such an assessment, in line with international standards. The book provides you with the correct methods and tools for prevention of upper limb work related musculoskeletal disorders no matter what the working environment is or what the international standards dictates.

This book deals with a hospital's struggle to secure and maintain financial stability. In the story, the leadership team of a fictional hospital adopts the tools and principles associated with the Toyota Production System or Lean. The story takes the reader through leadership's arduous journey from rejecting the methodology to embracing it, to successful implementation. This book is important because many of our nation's hospitals are besieged with financial difficulties with declining reimbursement and the public is losing confidence in our hospital's ability to provide quality care without error. Lean can provide relief from these issues but only if it is properly implemented.

The healthcare industry is in a state of accelerated transition. The proliferation of data and its assimilation, access, use, and security are ever-increasing challenges. Finding ways to operationalize business and clinical data management in the face of government and market mandates is enough to keep most chief officers up at night! Leveraging Data in Healthcare: Best Practices for Controlling, Analyzing, and Using Data argues that the key to survival for any healthcare organization in today's data-saturated market is to fundamentally redefine the roles of chief information executives CIOs, CFOs, CMIOs, CTOs, CNIOs, CTOs and CDOs from suppliers of data to drivers of data intelligence. This book presents best practices for controlling, analyzing, and using data. The elements of preparing an actionable data strategy are exemplified on subjects such as revenue integrity, revenue management, and patient engagement. Further, the book illustrates how to operationalize the electronic integration of health and financial data within patient financial services, information management services, and patient engagement activities. An integrated environment will activate a data-driven intelligent decision support infrastructure. The increasing impact of consumer engagement will continue to affect the organization's bottom line. Success in this new world will need collaboration among the chiefs, users, and data creators.

This book gives healthcare leaders a practical guide to implementing the 4 key components of lean daily management system - 1. LDM boards; 2. Leadership rounds 3. Leader daily disciplines and 4. Lean projects. Although lean is not new to healthcare, effective LDM is just now taking hold with the best lean healthcare organizations in the U.S. and Canada. Leaders are realizing that sustaining their lean projects over time has proven to be a challenge without first addressing the organizations management system/model. LDM gives leaders a straightforward approach to do just that as well as improve their ability to spread and deploy lean to other areas of the organization and tie back to strategy.

Improving the quality of healthcare, while increasing accessibility and lowering costs, is a complex dilemma facing rural communities around the world. The Center for Rural Pennsylvania believed that telehealth, the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical healthcare was a viable solution so it recently provided grants to conduct a thorough investigation into the factors involved.Telehealth in Rural Hospitals: Lessons Learned from Pennsylvania reports the outcome of this year-long investigation. Illustrating telehealth implementations in rural settings, it supplies an overview of telehealth as well as an assessment of its economic impact.The book skillfully intertwines the research and academic aspects of telehealth with helpful insights from the author. One of the most important discoveries made by the author and her team of researchers is that all too often money is wasted by implementing telehealth for services that don't impact many people. This book shares valuable insights on using telehealth for integrative health practices that could improve the health of a greater portion of the population.This book illustrates how telehealth can, indeed, be the healthcare savior that some people believe it will be, but only under the right circumstances. It details exactly what those circumstances are so that everyone, including clinicians, patients, government entities, and vendors, can steer toward the best future path.The author identifies the obstacles preventing wider implementation of telehealth and explains how recent federal legislation will affect telehealth implementation in rural communities. She also points out the folly of developing electronic health records before federal data standards are put into place.The book concludes by detailing best practices and lessons learned for implementing a telehealth program in any state. It also outl

This book is part of a series of titles that are a spin-off of the Shingo Prize-winning book Leveraging Lean in Healthcare: Transforming Your Enterprise into a High Quality Patient Care Delivery System. Each book in the series focuses on a specific aspect of healthcare that has demonstrated significant process and quality improvements after a Lean implementation.The result of implementing Lean in the surgical suite is a powerful and proven mix that enables members of cross-functional teams to improve their processes, efficiency, and financial performance. Leveraging Lean in Surgical Services: Creating a Cost Effective, Standardized, High Quality, Patient-Focused Operation provides a functional understanding of Lean processes and quality improvement techniques for the surgical department. This book is an ideal guide for healthcare executives, leaders, process improvement team members, and inquisitive frontline workers who want to implement and leverage Lean in the surgical suite. Supplying detailed descriptions of Lean tools and methodologies, it identifies powerful solutions specific to the needs of surgical services.The first section provides an overview of Lean concepts, tools, methodologies, and applications. The second section focuses on the application of Lean in the surgical services environment. Presenting numerous examples, stories, case studies, and lessons learned, it examines the normal operation of each area in the surgical suite and highlights the areas where typical problems occur.Next, the book walks readers through various Lean initiatives and demonstrates how Lean tools and concepts have been used to achieve lasting improvements to processes and quality of care. It also introduces actionable blueprints that readers can duplicate or modify for use in their own institutions.Illustrating leadership's role in achieving departmental goals, this book will provide you with a well-rounded understandin

This book is part of a series of titles that are a spin-off of the Shingo Prize-winning book Leveraging Lean in Healthcare: Transforming Your Enterprise into a High Quality Patient Care Delivery System. Each book in the series focuses on a specific aspect of healthcare including emergency departments, medical laboratories, outpatient clinics, ancillary services, and surgical services that has demonstrated significant process and quality improvements after a Lean implementation. Because ambulatory care settings play a significant role in the healthcare delivery system, it is important to understand how Lean concepts and tools can be used to deliver high-quality, cost-effective care. Leveraging Lean in Outpatient Clinics: Creating a Cost Effective, Standardized, High Quality, Patient-Focused Operation provides a functional understanding of Lean processes and quality improvement techniques in an outpatient clinic environment.This book is an ideal guide for healthcare executives, leaders, process improvement team members, and inquisitive frontline workers who want to implement and leverage Lean in outpatient clinical settings. Supplying detailed descriptions of Lean tools and methodologies, it identifies powerful Lean solutions specific to the needs of outpatient facilities.The first section provides an overview of Lean concepts, tools, methodologies, and applications. The second section focuses on the application of Lean in the outpatient clinic environment. It presents illustrative examples of Lean deployments in primary care, GI, and preadmission testing clinics. The examples provide broad content which can be readily transferable to other outpatient clinic settings.Illustrating leadership's role in achieving departmental goals, this book will provide you with a well-rounded understanding of how Lean can be applied to achieve significant improvements throughout the complete continuum of care.

In today's healthcare economy, with reduced reimbursement and closer scrutiny of quality patient care, the concepts and terminology of Lean management are becoming invaluable to nurses, clinicians, administrators, and other healthcare staff involved in improvement. Conversely, a basic grasp of common healthcare terms is essential for process improvement specialists who aren't necessary fluent in healthcare terminology.The Lean Healthcare Dictionary: An Illustrated Guide to Using the Language of Lean Management in Healthcare is designed to bridge the gap between Lean practitioners and healthcare professionals. This comprehensive dictionary defines essential Lean and healthcare terms to help create a common language for anyone involved in Lean healthcare improvement activities. Providing quick reference to the language of Lean management in healthcare, the dictionary includes diagrams and charts that illustrate concepts and aid in understanding. Each entry in Part I provides a succinct description of a Lean term as used in a healthcare setting. Healthcare terms and acronyms that commonly arise in the course of Lean transformations are defined in Part II.The content of this dictionary is firmly rooted in the hands-on experience of Rona Consulting Group, whose principals have designed and led groundbreaking applications of Lean management in emergency rooms, operating rooms, labs, hospitals, and major medical centers.