This book highlights the review of articles in theoretical physics by the students of Professor K. Babu Joseph, as a Festschrift for his 80th Birthday. This book is divided into four sections based on the contributions of Babu Joseph and his students. The four sections are Cosmology, High Energy Physics, Mathematical Physics and Non-linear Dynamics and its applications.

This book is a comprehensive account of a large class of models used to describe the observed particles and the restoration of chiral symmetry at high temperatures and densities. This book enables a reader with only an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics and field theory, to understand and master the modern techniques used to study the quark structure of hadrons, solitons and their collective rotations in flavour space. The style is pedagogical and will be extremely useful for doctoral students who would like to learn the techniques used in present day research.

David Bohm is one of the foremost scientific thinkers of today and one of the most distinguished scientists of his generation. His challenge to the conventional understanding of quantum theory has led scientists to reexamine what it is they are going and his ideas have been an inspiration across a wide range of disciplines. Quantum Implications is a collection of original contributions by many of the world' s leading scholars and is dedicated to David Bohm, his work and the issues raised by his ideas. The contributors range across physics, philosophy, biology, art, psychology, and include some of the most distinguished scientists of the day. There is an excellent introduction by the editors, putting Bohm's work in context and setting right some of the misconceptions that have persisted about the work of David Bohm

We have lost one of the giants of the twentieth century physics when Yoichiro Nambu passed away in July, 2015, at the age of 94.Today's Standard Model, though still incomplete in many respects, is the culmination of the most successful theory of the Universe to date, and it is built upon foundations provided by discoveries made by Nambu in the 1960s: the mechanism of spontaneously broken symmetry in Nature (with G Jona-Lasinio) and the hidden new SU(3) symmetry of quarks and gluons (with M-Y Han).In this volume honoring Nambu's memory, World Scientific Publishing presents a unique collection of papers written by his former colleagues, collaborating researchers and former students and associates, not only citing Nambu's great contributions in physics but also many personal and private reminiscences, some never told before. This volume also contains the very last scientific writing by Professor Nambu himself, discussing the development of particle physics.This book is a volume for all who benefited not only from Nambu's contributions toward understanding the Universe but also his warm and kind persona. It is a great addition to the history of contemporary physics.

N atur non facit saltus? This book is devoted to the fundamental problem which arises contin uously in the process of the human investigation of reality: the role of a mathematical apparatus in a description of reality. We pay our main attention to the role of number systems which are used, or may be used, in this process. We shall show that the picture of reality based on the standard (since the works of Galileo and Newton) methods of real analysis is not the unique possible way of presenting reality in a human brain. There exist other pictures of reality where other num ber fields are used as basic elements of a mathematical description. In this book we try to build a p-adic picture of reality based on the fields of p-adic numbers Qp and corresponding analysis (a particular case of so called non-Archimedean analysis). However, this book must not be considered as only a book on p-adic analysis and its applications. We study a much more extended range of problems. Our philosophical and physical ideas can be realized in other mathematical frameworks which are not obliged to be based on p-adic analysis. We shall show that many problems of the description of reality with the aid of real numbers are induced by unlimited applications of the so called Archimedean axiom."

Readers can install Quantum ESPRESSO on Windows 10, macOS, and Linux operating systems. Readers can download all input files of the book and learn each subject without making input files by themselves. Readers can learn the Wannier90 package for obtaining tight-binding parameters for theoretical modeling. Minimum information of density-functional theory and solid-state physics is included. All software except for the operating system is open software that readers can download without any cost.

The present book provides an introduction to quantum optics, the study of optical effects that cannot be explained by classical theory. Its main concern is the theoretical background to the key experiments in quantum optics. More than half of the material in this third edition is new, the material that has appeared in the previous editions already has been updated. The level of the treatment as a whole is appropriate for postgraduate students and research workers, while earlier chapters are also suitable for final-year undergraduates.

The book explores the variety of meanings of contextuality across different disciplines, with the emphasis on quantum physics and on psychology.

How can matter behave both like a particle and a wave? Does a particle exist before we look at it or does the very act of looking bring it into reality? Is there a place where the quantum world ends and our perceivable world begins? Many of science's greatest minds including Thomas Young, Albert Einstein and Richard Feynman have grappled with the questions embodied in the simple yet elusive 'double-slit' experiment in order to understand the fabric of our universe. With his extraordinary gift for making the complicated comprehensible, Anil Ananthaswamy travels around the world and through history, down to the smallest scales of physical reality we have yet fathomed, to reveal the answers.

Quantum systems with many degrees of freedom are inherently difficult to describe and simulate quantitatively. The space of possible states is, in general, exponentially large in the number of degrees of freedom such as the number of particles it contains. Standard digital high-performance computing is generally too weak to capture all the necessary details, such that alternative quantum simulation devices have been proposed as a solution. Artificial neural networks, with their high non-local connectivity between the neuron degrees of freedom, may soon gain importance in simulating static and dynamical behavior of quantum systems. Particularly promising candidates are neuromorphic realizations based on analog electronic circuits which are being developed to capture, e.g., the functioning of biologically relevant networks. In turn, such neuromorphic systems may be used to measure and control real quantum many-body systems online. This thesis lays an important foundation for the realization of quantum simulations by means of neuromorphic hardware, for using quantum physics as an input to classical neural nets and, in turn, for using network results to be fed back to quantum systems. The necessary foundations on both sides, quantum physics and artificial neural networks, are described, providing a valuable reference for researchers from these different communities who need to understand the foundations of both.

This book is a broad-based text intended to help the growing student body interested in constructing and applying methods of effective field theory to solve problems in their research. It begins with a review of using symmetries to identify the relevant degrees of freedom in a problem, and then presents a variety of methods that can be used to construct various effective theories. A detailed discussion of canonical applications of effective field theory techniques with increasing complexity is given, including Fermi's weak interaction, heavy-quark effective theory, and soft-collinear effective theory. Applications of these techniques to study physics beyond the standard model, dark matter, and quantum and classical gravity are explored. Although most examples come from questions in high-energy physics, many of the methods can also be applied in condensed-matter settings. Appendices include various factoids from group theory and other topics that are used throughout the text, in an attempt to make the book self-contained.

This book aims to provide a quick pedagogical introduction to path integrals. It contains original material that never before has appeared in a book, for example the path integrals for the Wigner functions and for Classical Mechanics. This application to Classical Mechanics connects different fields like Hamiltonian mechanics and differential geometry, so the book is suitable for students and researchers from various disciplines.

This book aims to provide a quick pedagogical introduction to path integrals. It contains original material that never before has appeared in a book, for example the path integrals for the Wigner functions and for Classical Mechanics. This application to Classical Mechanics connects different fields like Hamiltonian mechanics and differential geometry, so the book is suitable for students and researchers from various disciplines.

This book discusses the main concepts of the Standard Model of elementary particles in a compact and straightforward way. The theoretical results are derived using the physical phenomena as a starting point. This inductive approach allows a deep understanding of the methods used for solving problems in this field. This second, revised edition is expanded with biographical notes contextualizing the main results in quantum field theory.

This book presents a complementary perspective to Schroedinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field, one that does not appear in any text on quantum mechanics. The perspective, derived from Schroedinger theory, is that of the individual electron in the sea of electrons via its temporal and stationary-state equations of motion - the 'Quantal Newtonian' Second and First Laws. The Laws are in terms of 'classical' fields experienced by each electron, the sources of the fields being quantum-mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. Each electron experiences the external field, and internal fields representative of properties of the system, and a field descriptive of its response. The energies are obtained in terms of the fields. The 'Quantal Newtonian' Laws lead to physical insights, and new properties of the electronic system are revealed. New mathematical understandings of Schroedinger theory emerge which show the equation to be intrinsically self-consistent. Another complimentary perspective to Schroedinger theory is its manifestation as a local effective potential theory described via Quantal Density Functional theory. This description too is in terms of 'classical' fields and quantal sources. The theory provides a rigorous physical explanation of the mapping from the interacting system to the local potential theory equivalent. The complementary perspective to stationary ground state Schroedinger theory founded in the theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn, their extension to the presence of a magnetic field and to the temporal domain - Modern Density Functional Theory -- is also described. The new perspectives are elucidated by application to analytically solvable interacting systems. These solutions and other relevant wave function properties are derived.

The control of open quantum systems and their associated quantum thermodynamic properties is a topic of growing importance in modern quantum physics and quantum chemistry research. This unique and self-contained book presents a unifying perspective of such open quantum systems, first describing the fundamental theory behind these formidably complex systems, before introducing the models and techniques that are employed to control their quantum thermodynamics processes. A detailed discussion of real quantum devices is also covered, including quantum heat engines and quantum refrigerators. The theory of open quantum systems is developed pedagogically, from first principles, and the book is accessible to graduate students and researchers working in atomic physics, quantum information, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry.

We extend to gravitation our previous study of a quantum wave for all particles and antiparticles of each generation (electron + neutrino + u and d quarks for instance). This wave equation is form invariant under Cl3*, then relativistic invariant. It is gauge invariant under the gauge group of the standard model, with a mass term: this was impossible before, and the consequence was an impossibility to link gauge interactions and gravitation.

Quantum mechanics is one of the most brilliant, stimulating, elegant and exciting theories of twentieth century. It has not only explained a wide range of phenomena but has brought revolutionary changes in the conceptual foundations of physics and continues to shape the modern world. As quantum mechanics involves the introduction of a new conceptual framework, the new ideas are explicitly mentioned and explained in detail in this book and wherever possible the various aspects of original thinking of eminent physicists are reflected. The emphasis is on helping students comprehend the significance of the underlying principles and understand the ways the new concepts were introduced. Including many worked examples and problems this book will be an invaluable resource for students in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering needing a clear and rigorous introduction to quantum mechanics.

This invaluable book provides a broad and comprehensive introduction to the fascinating and beautiful subject of timeless approaches in physics, focusing the attention in particular on significant models developed recently by the author. It presents relevant and novel perspectives in 21st century theoretical physics as regards the arena of physical processes and its geometry (both in special relativity, quantum mechanics, the quantum gravity domain and about the quantum vacuum). The timeless approach may be used as a source of reference by researchers in theoretical physics and at the same time it is also suitable for graduate students in physics who wish to have an extend view of some of the classic and fundamental models in the subject.

Unified Field Mechanics, the topic of the 9th international symposium honoring noted French mathematical physicist Jean-Pierre Vigier cannot be considered highly speculative as a myopic critic might surmise. The 8th Vigier Symposium proceedings 'The Physics of Reality' should in fact be touted as a companion volume because of its dramatic theoretical Field Mechanics in additional dimensionality. Many still consider the Planck-scale zero-point field stochastic quantum foam as the 'basement of reality'. This could only be considered true under the limitations of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory. As we enter the next regime of Unified Field Mechanics we now know that the energy-dependent Einstein-Minkowski manifold called spacetime has a finite radius beyond which a large-scale multiverse beckons. So far a battery of 14 experiments has been designed to falsify the model. When the 1st is successfully performed, a revolution in Natural Science will occur! This volume strengthens and expands the theoretical and experimental basis for that immanent new age.

Using Cartan's differential 1-forms theory, and assuming that the motion variables depend on Euclidean invariants, certain dynamics of the material point and systems of material points are developed. Within such a frame, the Newtonian force as mass inertial interaction at the intragalactic scale, and the Hubble-type repulsive interaction at intergalactic distances, are developed.The wave-corpuscle duality implies movements on curves of constant informational energy, which implies both quantizations and dynamics of velocity limits.Analysis of motion of a charged particle in a combined field which is electromagnetic and with constant magnetism implies fractal trajectories. Mechanics of material points in a fractalic space is constructed, and various applications - fractal atom, potential well, free particle, etc. - are discussed.

Quantum-state estimation is an important field in quantum information theory that deals with the characterization of states of affairs for quantum sources. This book begins with background formalism in estimation theory to establish the necessary prerequisites. This basic understanding allows us to explore popular likelihood- and entropy-related estimation schemes that are suitable for an introductory survey on the subject. Discussions on practical aspects of quantum-state estimation ensue, with emphasis on the evaluation of tomographic performances for estimation schemes, experimental realizations of quantum measurements and detection of single-mode multi-photon sources. Finally, the concepts of phase-space distribution functions, which compatibly describe these multi-photon sources, are introduced to bridge the gap between discrete and continuous quantum degrees of freedom.This book is intended to serve as an instructive and self-contained medium for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students to grasp the basics of quantum-state estimation. Any reader with a solid foundation in quantum mechanics, linear algebra and calculus would be able to follow the book comfortably.

Quantum-state estimation is an important field in quantum information theory that deals with the characterization of states of affairs for quantum sources. This book begins with background formalism in estimation theory to establish the necessary prerequisites. This basic understanding allows us to explore popular likelihood- and entropy-related estimation schemes that are suitable for an introductory survey on the subject. Discussions on practical aspects of quantum-state estimation ensue, with emphasis on the evaluation of tomographic performances for estimation schemes, experimental realizations of quantum measurements and detection of single-mode multi-photon sources. Finally, the concepts of phase-space distribution functions, which compatibly describe these multi-photon sources, are introduced to bridge the gap between discrete and continuous quantum degrees of freedom.This book is intended to serve as an instructive and self-contained medium for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students to grasp the basics of quantum-state estimation. Any reader with a solid foundation in quantum mechanics, linear algebra and calculus would be able to follow the book comfortably.

Our understanding of the physical world was revolutionized in the twentieth century - the era of 'modern physics'. Three texts presenting the foundations and frontiers of modern physics have been published by the second author. Many problems are included in these books. The current authors have published solutions manuals for two of the texts Introduction to Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations and Topics in Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations.The present book provides solutions to the over 180 problems in the remaining text Advanced Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations. This is the most challenging material, ranging over advanced quantum mechanics, angular momentum, scattering theory, lagrangian field theory, symmetries, Feynman rules, quantum electrodynamics (QED), higher-order processes, path-integrals, and canonical transformations for quantum systems; several appendices supply important details.This solutions manual completes the modern physics series, whose goal is to provide a path through the principal areas of theoretical physics of the twentieth century in sufficient detail so that students can obtain an understanding and an elementary working knowledge of the field. While obtaining familiarity with what has gone before would seem to be a daunting task, these volumes should help the dedicated student to find that job less challenging, and even enjoyable.

Published in 1934, this monograph was one of the first introductory accounts of the principles which form the physical basis of the Quantum Theory, considered as a branch of mathematics. The exposition is restricted to a discussion of general principles and does not attempt detailed application to the wide domain of atomic physics, although a number of special problems are considered in elucidation of the principles. The necessary fundamental mathematical methods - the theory of linear operators and of matrics - are developed in the first chapter so this could introduce anyone to the new theory. This is an interesting snapshot of scientific history.