Implement Your Own Applications Using Online GIS An in-depth study detailing the online applications of geographic information systems (GIS), Online GIS and Spatial Metadata, Second Edition outlines how GIS data are published, organized, accessed, searched, maintained, purchased, and processed over the web. This latest work describes how the internet has become a platform for the delivery and integration of geographic information. It highlights the growth that has taken place since the first edition and includes new chapters on popular XML formats used in online GIS, SDI Metadata Portals, Mobile GIS and Location-Based services. It also updates metadata standards and explains how metadata links it all together. Designed To Help Non-Technical Readers Understand Technical Issues The book provides a brief overview of the basic technology of online GIS before introducing the technical methods used to develop and implement GIS on the web. It includes an introduction to the protocols and standards now in use online and provides technical background and real-world examples of scripts, markup, and other elements that make this technology work. Expanding on the previous edition, the book offers a global perspective of online GIS, contains links and references to online resources, and includes future directions, applications, and trends. Reviewing major advances that have occurred over the past decade, this seminal work: Discusses the detail of four XML-based standards now in common use for Online GIS and spatial metadata Outlines the nature of Information Networks, systems in which information is distributed across many different sites Examines the conceptual framework of metadata, by studying the RDF and similar standards for the Web Describes several metadata standards in use around the world for spatial metadata P

Land use and land cover changes associated with increased urbanization have led to landscape and environmental changes throughout the world. Remote Sensing Applications for the Urban Environment places emphasis on the rapid development of worldwide urbanization and its impact on the environment, and reviews the assessment of urban land cover conditions using remote sensing data. The book examines current satellite observation capacities, the use of remote sensing data to characterize urban extent and urban land cover, and the applications of satellite-derived data for urban environment assessments. It also introduces cutting-edge assessment methods and remote sensing techniques for characterizing high-resolution imagery of urban areas in different ecological environments. Focuses on the latest progress in urban remote sensing and technologies used to monitor urban land use and land cover conditions Introduces several methods used to extract urban landscape features using high-resolution imagery Details the methods currently used for assessing urban vegetation, impervious surface, and urban land use and land cover conditions Describes how to use multi-temple satellite images to monitor urban growth around the world An up-to-date reference reflecting the state of the art in both remote sensing and the environmental assessment of urban areas, Remote Sensing Applications for the Urban Environment summarizes current satellite observing capacities and the growing demand for consistent and continuous local, regional, and global observation data by different government agencies throughout the world. This book serves academic faculties, students, researchers, and government decision makers.

New urban applications are emerging for remote sensing, in particular with the use of high-resolution data for measuring, monitoring and analysis. This comes through the use of high spatial resolution imaging, such as for precision mapping of cities; new techniques for population mapping; extracting urban land use features, and evaluating the city energy patterns; and through the use of night-time imagery for determining populations and economic activity, particularly on a global scale. Remotely Sensed Cities helps to redress the balance with remote sensing books, most of which are dedicated to the physical environment. It is designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, along with research scientists and brings together a good deal of topical work applying remote sensing to the understanding of urban features, their behavior and growth.

Although many books have been published on the application of GIS in emergency management and disaster response, this is the first one to bring together a comprehensive discussion of the critical role GIS plays in hospital and healthcare emergency management and disaster response.

Illustrating a wide range of practical applications, GIS in Hospital and Healthcare Emergency Management explores how GIS data is being used to assess need, determine surge capacity, and improve logistics in emergency or disaster scenarios. Leading experts in the field provide authoritative coverage of all areas of emergency management involving GIS and related technologies.

Making this complex subject accessible for professionals who want to improve their preparedness and response capabilities, this complete resource provides numerous examples, case studies, and proven simulation and modeling tools to aid in the development of effective and efficient emergency response plans. It also includes a CD-ROM with a user interface that supplies access to helpful forms, exercises, color versions of the figures in the book, hundreds of valuable resources, as well as a composite bibliography of all references included in the text.

In today s technology driven environment, failure to plan is planning to fail. This accessible resource provides emergency planners, operations managers, and hospital and healthcare administrators with the understanding and the tools needed to create emergency management and disaster preparedness systems that will help hospitals save lives, time, and money when the next emergency strikes.

The remarkable developments in tracking technologies over the past decade have opened up a wealth of possibilities in terms of research into tourist spatial behaviour. To date, most research in the field has been based on data derived from less objective - hence methodologically problematic - sources. This book examines the various technologies available to track pedestrians and motorized vehicles as well as the moral, ethical and legal issues arising from the utilization of data thus obtained. The methodologies outlined in the book could prove revolutionary in terms of tourism research, management and planning.

The Definitive Volume on Cutting-Edge Exploratory Analysis of Massive Spatial and Spatiotemporal Databases

Since the publication of the first edition of Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, new techniques for geographic data warehousing (GDW), spatial data mining, and geovisualization (GVis) have been developed. In addition, there has been a rise in the use of knowledge discovery techniques due to the increasing collection and storage of data on spatiotemporal processes and mobile objects. Incorporating these novel developments, this second edition reflects the current state of the art in the field.

New to the Second Edition

• Updated material on geographic knowledge discovery (GKD), GDW research, map cubes, spatial dependency, spatial clustering methods, clustering techniques for trajectory data, the INGENS 2.0 software, and GVis techniques
• New chapter on data quality issues in GKD
• New chapter that presents a tree-based partition querying methodology for medoid computation in large spatial databases
• New chapter that discusses the use of geographically weighted regression as an exploratory technique
• New chapter that gives an integrated approach to multivariate analysis and geovisualization
• Five new chapters on knowledge discovery from spatiotemporal and mobile objects databases

Geographic data mining and knowledge discovery is a promising young discipline with many challenging research problems. This book shows that this area represents an important direction in the development of a new generation of spatial analysis tools for data-rich environments. Exploring various problems and possible solutions, it will motivate researchers to develop new methods and applications in this emerging field.

This handbook is the first comprehensive overview of the field of satellite remote sensing for archaeology and how it can be applied to ongoing archaeological fieldwork projects across the globe. It provides a survey of the history and development of the field, connecting satellite remote sensing in archaeology to broader developments in remote sensing, archaeological method and theory, cultural resource management, and environmental studies. With a focus on practical uses of satellite remote sensing, Sarah H. Parcak evaluates satellite imagery types and remote sensing analysis techniques specific to the discovery, preservation, and management of archaeological sites.

Case studies from Asia, Central America, and the Middle East are explored, including Xi?an, China; Angkor Wat, Cambodia and Egypt's floodplains. In-field surveying techniques particular to satellite remote sensing are emphasized, providing strategies for recording ancient features on the ground observed from space. The book also discusses broader issues relating to archaeological remote sensing ethics, looting prevention, and archaeological site preservation. New sensing research is included and illustrated with the inclusion of over 160 satellite images of ancient sites.

With a companion website (www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415448789) with further resources and colour images, Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology will provide anyone interested in scientific applications to uncovering past archaeological landscapes a foundation for future research and study.

This book contains a selection of refereed papers presented at the 6 Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment held in Florence, Italy on March 15-18, 1999. Over the last two decades, passive microwave remote sensing has made considerable progress, and has achieved significant results in the study of the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Many years of observations with ground-based and satellite-borne sensors have made an important contribution to improving our knowledge of many geophysical processes of the Earth's environment and of global changes. The evolution in microwave radiometers aboard satellites has increased steadily over recent years. At the same time, many investigations have been carried out both to improve the algorithms for the retrieval of geophysical parameters and to develop new technologies. The book is divided into four main sections: three of these are devoted to the observation of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, and the fourth, to future missions and new technologies. The first section deals with the study of sea and land surfaces, and reports recent advances in remote sensing of ocean wind, sea ice, soil moisture and vegetation biomass, including electromagnetic modelling and the assimilation of radiometric data in models of land surface processes. The following two sections are devoted to the measurement of atmospheric quantities which are of fundamental importance in climatology and meteorology, and, since they influence radio-wave propagation, they also impact on several other fields, including geodesy, navigational satellite and radioastronomy. The last section presents an overview of new technologies and plans for future missions.

Satellite remote sensing, in particular by radar altimetry, is a crucial technique for observations of the ocean surface and of many aspects of land surfaces, and of paramount importance for climate and environmental studies. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the satellite altimetry techniques and related missions, and reviews the most-up-to date applications to ocean dynamics and sea level. It also discusses related space-based observations of the ocean surface and of the marine geoid, as well as applications of satellite altimetry to the cryosphere and land surface waters; operational oceanography and its applications to navigation, fishing and defense.

This new textbook on remote sensing and digital image processing of natural resources includes numerous practical, problem-solving exercises, applications of sensors and satellite systems using remote sensing data collection resources with emphasis on free and open-source platform R. It explains basic concepts of remote sensing and multidisciplinary applications using R language and R packages, by engaging students in learning theory through hands-on, real-life projects. All chapters are structured with learning objectives, computation, questions, solved exercises, resources and research suggestions. Features 1. Explains the theory of passive and active remote sensing and its applications in water, soil, vegetation, and atmosphere. 2. Covers data analysis in free and open-source (FOSS) R platform, which makes remote sensing accessible to anyone with a computer. 3. Includes case studies from different environments with free software algorithm and R toolset for active learning and learn-by-doing. 4. Provides hands-on exercises at the end of each chapter and encourages readers to understand the potential and the limitations of the environments, remote sensing targets and process. 5. Explores current trends and developments in remote sensing in homework assignments with data to further explore the use of free multispectral remote sensing data, including very high spatial resolution data sources for target recognition with image processing techniques. While the focus of the book is on environmental and agriculture engineering, it can be applied widely to a variety of subjects such as physical, natural, and social sciences. Students in upper-level undergraduate or graduate programs, taking courses in Remote Sensing, Geoprocessing, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geosciences, Environmental Sciences, Electrical Engineering, Biology, and Hydrology will also benefit from the learning objectives in the book. Professionals who use remote sensing and digital processing will also find this text enlightening.

Integrating Scale in Remote Sensing and GIS serves as the most comprehensive documentation of the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place in integrating scale and remote sensing data. This work addresses the invariants of scale, the ability to change scale, measures of the impact of scale, scale as a parameter in process models, and the implementation of multiscale approaches as methods and techniques for integrating multiple kinds of remote sensing data collected at varying spatial, temporal, and radiometric scales. Researchers, instructors, and students alike will benefit from a guide that has been pragmatically divided into four thematic groups: scale issues and multiple scaling; physical scale as applied to natural resources; urban scale; and human health/social scale. Teeming with insights that elucidate the significance of scale as a foundation for geographic analysis, this book is a vital resource to those seriously involved in the field of GIScience.

Driven by the societal needs and improvement in sensor technology and image processing techniques, remote sensing has become an essential geospatial tool for understanding the Earth and managing Human-Earth interactions. Remote Sensing for Sustainability introduces the current state of the art remote sensing knowledge integral for monitoring the world's natural resources and environments, managing exposure to natural disasters and man-made risks, and helping understand the sustainability and productivity of natural ecosystems. Bridging the gap between remote sensing and sustainability science this book examines theories and methods as well as practical applications of sustainable development for cities using remote sensing; focuses on remote sensing methods and techniques for sustainable natural resources with emphasize on forests; answers questions on how and what the remote sensing methods and techniques can do for the sustainability of environmental systems; and examines the issues of energy use and sustainable energy sources using remote sensing technology in countries such as Germany, China, the U.S, drawing on case studies to demonstrate the applicability of remote sensing techniques. This comprehensive guide, which can serve to professors, researchers, and students alike, takes in consideration the United Nations set of sustainable development goals and intends to contribute to the GEO's Strategic Plan by addressing and exemplifying a number of societal benefit areas of remote sensing data sets, methods, and techniques for sustainable development.

With the advent of GPS/GNSS satellite navigation systems and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) surveying profession is nowadays facing its transformative stage. Written by a team of surveying experts, Surveyor's Instruments and Technology gives surveying students and practitioners profound understanding of how surveying instruments are designed and operating based on surveying instrument functionality. The book includes the required basic knowledge of accurate measurements of distances and angles from theoretical principles to advanced optical, mechanical, electronic and software components for comparative analysis. Readers are presented with basic elements of UAS systems, practical interpretation techniques, sensor components, and operating platforms. Appropriate for surveying courses at all levels, this guide helps students and practitioners alike to understand what is behind the buttons of surveying instruments of all kinds when considering practical project implementations.

As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have developed and their applications have been extended, the issue of uncertainty has become increasingly recognized. It is highlighted by the need to demystify the inherently complex geographical world to facilitate computerization in GIS, by the inaccuracies that emerge from man-machine interactions in data acquisition, and by error propagation in geoprocessing. Users need to be well aware of the likely impacts of uncertainties in spatial analysis and decision-making. This book discusses theoretical and practical aspects of spatial data processing and uncertainties, and covers a wide range of types of errors and fuzziness and emphasizes description and modeling. High level GIS professionals, researchers and graduate students will find this a constructive book.

Developments in Geographic Information Technology have raised the expectations of users. A static map is no longer enough; there is now demand for a dynamic representation. Time is of great importance when operating on real world geographical phenomena, especially when these are dynamic. Researchers in the field of Temporal Geographical Information Systems (TGIS) have been developing methods of incorporating time into geographical information systems. Spatio-temporal analysis embodies spatial modelling, spatio-temporal modelling and spatial reasoning and data mining. Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analysis contributes to the field of spatio-temporal analysis, presenting innovative ideas and examples that reflect current progress and achievements.

Effective use of today s vast geographic information (GI) resources requires more than just powerful technology for problem solving. It requires science to help us understand the way the world works, and to help us devise effective procedures for making decisions. Three previous editions have established this text as a defining multidisciplinary treatment of the scientific principles that underpin the use of geographic information technologies for problem solving. This extensively revised and updated edition provides a guide to the enduring scientific principles and information systems that support effective use of today s GI. It also provides a primer on essential methods for analysis of GI, and the ways in which effective management of GI informs policy and action.

When we look at some of the most pressing issues in environmental politics today, it is hard to avoid data technologies. Big data, artificial intelligence, and data dashboards all promise "revolutionary" advances in the speed and scale at which governments, corporations, conservationists, and even individuals can respond to environmental challenges. By bringing together scholars from geography, anthropology, science and technology studies, and ecology, The Nature of Data explores how the digital realm is a significant site in which environmental politics are waged. This collection as a whole makes the argument that we cannot fully understand the current conjuncture in critical, global environmental politics without understanding the role of data platforms, devices, standards, and institutions. In particular, The Nature of Data addresses the contested practices of making and maintaining data infrastructure, the imaginaries produced by data infrastructures, the relations between state and civil society that data infrastructure reworks, and the conditions under which technology can further socio-ecological justice instead of re-entrenching state and capitalist power. This innovative volume presents some of the first research in this new but rapidly growing subfield that addresses the role of data infrastructures in critical environmental politics.

Expert perspectives on SDI theory and practice The spatial data infrastructure (SDI) concept continues to evolve and become an increasingly important element of the infrastructure that supports economic development, environmental management, and social stability. Because of its dynamic and complex nature, however, it remains a fuzzy concept to many, and depending on their needs and circumstances, practitioners, researchers, and governments adopt different views of it. Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures: from Concept to Reality makes a timely contribution to the theory and practice of SDIs and breaks new ground in improving understanding of their relevance and value. It provides expert overviews of policies, concepts, standards, and practices associated with the design, implementation, and operation of SDIs. It introduces the concept of an SDI Hierarchy based on Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning, sets out the similarities and differences between SDIs operating within and between different jurisdictions, and identifies factors key to the success of SDI initiatives. Built on key contributions to the International Symposium on Spatial Data Infrastructure held in Melbourne in November 2001, this book is the first of its kind to provide address both the theoretical and practical aspects of developing appropriate SDIs. It offers unique, detailed discussions on the challenges and direction of future SDI development and thus provides an outstanding resource for those involved in building and maintaining SDIs and for GIS professionals and students.

Optical Remote Sensing is one of the main technologies used in sea surface monitoring. Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics investigates and demonstrates capabilities of optical remote sensing technology for enhanced observations and detection of ocean environments. It provides extensive knowledge of physical principles and capabilities of optical observations of the oceans at high spatial resolution, 1-4m, and on the observations of surface wave hydrodynamic processes. It also describes the implementation of spectral-statistical and fusion algorithms for analyses of multispectral optical databases and establishes physics-based criteria for detection of complex wave phenomena and hydrodynamic disturbances including assessment and management of optical databases. This book explains the physical principles of high-resolution optical imagery of the ocean surface, discusses for the first time the capabilities of observing hydrodynamic processes and events, and emphasizes the integration of optical measurements and enhanced data analysis. It also covers both the assessment and the interpretation of dynamic multispectral optical databases and includes applications for advanced studies and nonacoustic detection. This book is an invaluable resource for researches, industry professionals, engineers, and students working on cross-disciplinary problems in ocean hydrodynamics, optical remote sensing of the ocean and sea surface remote sensing. Readers in the fields of geosciences and remote sensing, applied physics, oceanography, satellite observation technology, and optical engineering will learn the theory and practice of optical interactions with the ocean.

Terrain modelling has been a well recognised topic for many years in the geo-sciences and it has found wide application, especially since the introduction of GIS.;Digital Terrain Modelling: Principles and Methodology is the only up-to-date book covering this range of topics. It provides comprehensive coverage of the field, starting from terrain analysis (using terrain descriptors), data sampling strategy, data acquisition technology, data quality control, theory and methodology for surface modelling, algorithms for triangulation formations, interpolation methods, models for the prediction of DTM accuracy, management of DTM data, multi-scale representation, contouring and other extraction of other features, as well as various applications.;The book treats the topic at a medium level of technical detail and is suitable for use as an MSc-level GIS textbook or for GIS researchers and professionals. Li; Zhilin Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Zhu; Qing Hong Kong Polytechnic Unv.,Gold; Chris The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,

Planning This book stems from a Research Project financed by the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) which has been carried out in the period 1999-2002. The Project, entitled Knowledge Engineering in Planning Process was aimed at developing Artificial Intelligent technologies in analysis, project and evaluation in territorial planning. This approach, which has recently been defined Geocomputation in the scientific literature, constitutes an emerging paradigm in territorial sciences. The final research results were presented in a workshop which took place in Milan in November 2001. In addition to the parties of the project, the meeting hosted speakers internationally well known as the cutting edge of researchers in the field. Among them: Mike Batty (Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA)-UCL- London), Dino Borri (Polytechnic of Bari), Chris Webster (Cardiff University), Kai Nagel (Computer Science Institut- Zurich), Katerina Hlavackova-Schindler (Vienna University of Economic and Business Administration), Lena Sanders - CNRS, Paris, Paul Torrence CASA-UCL London. The book collects the proceedings of this concluding workshop.

Contents:
PART ONE
Chapter 1
1. Introduction
2. Expert Systems: what about space?
3. Geographical Information Systems: more than display tools?
4. GIS problems and potential
5. Impact Assessment: ripe for automation?
6. The IA process
7. Environmental Statements
8. Integration: the way ahead?
REFERENCES

Chapter 2
1. Introduction
2. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
2.1.The classical period
2.2.The romantic period
2.3.The modern period
2. Expert systems: structure and design
3. The promise of Expert Systems?
4. From Expert Systems to Decision Support Systems
5. Conclusions: expert systems are dead, long live expert systems?
REFERENCES

Chapter 3
1. Introduction
2. Impact Assessment and Environmental Management
3. The role of GIS
4. GIS for Impact Assessment
4.1. GIS mapping for Impact Assessment
4.2. GIS linked to external models for IA
4.3. Using GIS' own functionality for IA
4.4. Multi-purpose GIS systems
5. Conclusions
REFERENCES

Chapter 4
1. Introduction
2. GIS for environmental mapping and management
3. GIS linked to external models for environmental management
3.1.Water modelling
3.2.GIS and other environmental modelling
3.3.GIS for model design and development
3.4.GIS and other modelling approaches
4. Using GIS' own functionality for environmental management
4.1.Pre-programmed GIS applications
5. General-purpose environmental management systems
6. Conclusions
REFERENCES

Chapter 5
1. Introduction
2. Expert Systems without GIS for Environmental Assessment
2.1.Expert Systems without GIS for Impact Assessment
2.2.Expert Systems without GIS for environmental management
3. Expert Systems with GIS
3.1.GIS and Expert Systems: methodological issues
3.1.1.Methodological issues: visualisation
3.1.2.Methodological issues: classification
3.2.GIS and Expert Systems in the Regional Research Laboratories
3.2.1.The RRLs Research Agenda
3.2.2.RRL-related work and publications
3.3.3.GIS and AI in the RRLs: conclusions
3.3.ES and GIS for Impact Assessment
3.4.ES and GIS for Environmental Management
4. Decision Support Systems (and ES) with GIS
4.1.GIS and DSS for Impact Assessment
4.2.GIS and DSS for Environmental Management
5. Conclusions
REFERENCES

PART TWO
Chapter 6
1. Introduction
2. The logic of Project Screening
3. The SCREEN Expert System at Oxford Brookes University
4. Scoping
5. The SCOPE Expert System at Oxford Brookes University
6. Adding GIS to the SCREEN-SCOPE suite at Oxford Brookes
6.1.Procedures linking ES and GIS
6.2.Evaluating the GIS links
7. Conclusions
REFERENCES

Chapter 7
1. Intrduction
2. Air Pollution
2.1.Project design and location
2.2.Baseline assessment
2.3.Impact prediction and assessment
2.3.1.Variations in the modelling approach
2.3.2.Model output and accuracy
2.4.Mitigation measures
3. Noise
3.1.Project design
3.2.Noise baseline assessment
3.3.Noise-impact prediction
3.3.1.Construction noise
3.3.2.Traffic noise
3.3.3.Vibration
3.3.4.Re-radiated noise
3.4.Mitigation
4. Conclusions: expert systems for air-pollution and noise impact assessment
REFERENCES

Chapter 8
1. Introduction
2. Terrestrial Ecology
2.1.Project characteristics and potential impacts
2.2.Area characterisation and ecological baseline
2.3.Quality assessment
2.4.Impact assessment
2.5.Mitigation
3. Landscape impact assessment
3.1.Project characteristics
3.2.Area of study
3.3.Preliminary landscape quality assessment
3.4.Field study and baseline assessment
3.5.Impact assessment
3.6.Mitigation
4. Conclusions: the limits of expert systems
REFERENCES

Chapter 9
1. Introduction
2. Socio-economic impacts
2.1.Understanding the project
2.2.Understanding the baseline
2.3.Economic impact prediction
2.3.1.The multiplicand
2.3.2.The multiplier
2.3.2.1.Location Quotients
2.4.Social impact prediction
2.5.Impact significance
2.6.Mitigation
3. Traffic impacts
3.1.The development project
3.2.Baseline study
3.3.Traffic generation
3.4.Impact assessment
3.4.1.Loop-back
3.5.Mitigation
4. Conclusions: expert systems and models, problems and choices
REFERENCES

Chapter 10
1. Introduction
2. The project
3. Hydrogeology: the baseline
3.1.Hydrogeological impacts
3.2.Hydrogeological mitigation and monitoring
4. Water quantity and quality: the baseline
4.1.Water quantity impacts
4.2.Water quality impacts
4.3.Water use impacts
4.4.Water impact mitigation
5. Freshwater ecology impact assessment: the baseline
5.1.Freshwater ecology impacts and mitigation
6. Coastal water ecology impact assessment: the baseline
6.1.Coastal water ecology impacts and mitigation
7. Conclusions: impact sequences
REFERENCES

Chapter 11
1. Meta-assessment: reviewing Environmental Statements
2. The building blocks of the assessment
3. Evaluation
3.1.Scoring individual aspects
3.2.Overall evaluation
4. Conclusions: expert systems for highly structured quantity-quality conversions
REFERENCES

Chapter 12
1. Expert Systems for Impact Assessment
2. Conclusions: the limits of Expert Systems and GIS
2.1.GIS and IA in retrospect
2.2.Expert Systems and IA in retrospect
3. Conclusions
REFERENCES

Economists, geographers and surveyors are beginning to recognise the powerful tool which a Geographical Information System (GIS) offers in effective property management. It provides a means of managing land and property information digitally and in a geographical context, and allows for rapid access to information and a means of analysing that information in a geographical context.
GIS in Land and Property Management shows how to use GIS, both in principle and in practice. It introduces digital mapping and GIS, along with a brief history of the development of GIS and LIS, all with an emphasis on property. In presenting the spectrum of GIS applications in property management it gives a number of case studies from a variety of market sectors, and it analyses the issues to provide guidance and a number of recommendations for the implementation of GIS. At the same time common themes and issues are drawn out to present a coherent message for students and practitioners.
The book is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students on land management, built environment, economics and geography courses, and for property professionals, in both public and private sectors, looking to GIS as a property management decision aid.

Economists, geographers and surveyors are beginning to recognise the powerful tool which a Geographical Information System (GIS) offers in effective property management. It provides a means of managing land and property information digitally and in a geographical context, and allows for rapid access to information and a means of analysing that information in a geographical context.
GIS in Land and Property Management shows how to use GIS, both in principle and in practice. It introduces digital mapping and GIS, along with a brief history of the development of GIS and LIS, all with an emphasis on property. In presenting the spectrum of GIS applications in property management it gives a number of case studies from a variety of market sectors, and it analyses the issues to provide guidance and a number of recommendations for the implementation of GIS. At the same time common themes and issues are drawn out to present a coherent message for students and practitioners.
The book is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students on land management, built environment, economics and geography courses, and for property professionals, in both public and private sectors, looking to GIS as a property management decision aid.

Sixty years after its birth, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) evolved as a key player of earth observation, and it is continually upgraded by enhanced hardware functionality and improved overall performance in response to user requirements. The basic information gained by SAR includes the backscattering coefficient of targets, their phases (the truncated distance between SAR and its targets), and their polarization dependence. The spatiotemporal combination of the multiple data operated on the satellite or aircraft significantly increases its sensitivity to detect changes on earth, including temporal variations of the planet in amplitude and the interferometric change for monitoring disasters; deformations caused by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and landslides; environmental changes; ship detection; and so on. Earth-orbiting satellites with the appropriate sensors can detect environmental changes because of their large spatial coverage and availability. Imaging from Spaceborne and Airborne SARs, Calibration, and Applications provides A-to-Z information regarding SAR researches through 15 chapters that focus on the JAXA L-band SAR, including hardware description, principles of SAR imaging, theoretical description of SAR imaging and error, ScanSAR imaging, polarimetric calibration, inflight antenna pattern, SAR geometry and ortho rectification, SAR calibration, defocusing for moving targets, large-scale SAR imaging and mosaic, interferometric SAR processing, irregularities, application, and forest estimation. Sample data are created by using L-band SAR, JERS-1, PALSAR, PALSAR-2, and Pi-SAR-L2. This book is based on the author's experience as a principal researcher at JAXA with responsibilities for L-band SAR operation and researches. It reveals the inside of SAR processing and application researches performed at JAXA, which makes this book a valuable reference for a wide range of SAR researchers, professionals, and students.