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Books > Language & Literature > Language & linguistics > Semantics (meaning)
This volume brings together papers on a wide spectrum of topics
within the broad area of language acquisition, stressing the
interconnections between applied and theoretical linguistics, as
well as language research methodology. These contributions in honor
of Professor Jan Majer have been grouped in two sections: language
learning, and discourse and communication. The former discusses
issues varying from aspects of first, second, and third language
acquisition, individual learner differences (i.e. gender,
attitudes, learning strategies), and second language research
methodology to the analysis of features of learner spoken language,
the role of feedback in foreign language instruction, and the
position of culture in EFL textbooks. The second part of the volume
offers a theoretical counterbalance to the applied nature of the
first one. Here, the contributions touch upon spoken and written
language analysis, language awareness, and aspects of the English
language; also, selected issues of language philosophy are
discussed. The wide range of topics covered in the publication,
authored by specialists in their respective areas, reflects
Professor Majer's academic interests and corresponds to the complex
nature of the general field the volume aims to portray.
This Handbook is a comprehensive volume outlining the foremost
issues regarding research and teaching of second language speaking,
examining such diverse topics as cognitive processing,
articulation, knowledge of pragmatics, instruction in
sub-components of speaking (e.g., grammar, pronunciation, and
vocabulary) and the attrition of the first language. Outstanding
academics have contributed chapters to provide an integrated and
inclusive perspective on oral language skills. Specialized contexts
for speaking are also explored (e.g., English as a Lingua Franca,
workplace, and interpreting). The Routledge Handbook of Second
Language Acquisition and Speaking will be an indispensable resource
for students and scholars in applied linguistics, cognitive
psychology, linguistics, and education.
Study abroad is often seen as a crucial dimension of language
learning -- developing communicative proficiency, language
awareness, and intercultural competence. The author provides an
overview and assessment of research on language learning in study
abroad settings, reviewing the advantages and constraints of
perspectives adopted in this research.
This book contributes to the growth of interest in task-based
language learning and teaching that has been seen in recent years.
It brings together research that focuses on various aspects and
effects of pedagogic task design and presents work that uses tasks
to examine oral interaction, written production, vocabulary and
reading, lexical innovation and pragmatics in different formal
language learning contexts and in different languages (English as a
second/foreign language, French/German/Italian/Spanish as foreign
languages). It also provides guidelines for task classification,
sequencing and design. The book is addressed to both professionals
and students interested in second language acquisition research. It
will also be of use to professionals involved in language pedagogy
and curriculum design.
Bringing together scholars from a broad range of theoretical
perspectives, The Language of Argumentation offers a unique
overview of research at the crossroads of linguistics and theories
of argumentation. In addition to theoretical and methodological
reflections by leading scholars in their fields, the book contains
studies of the relationship between language and argumentation from
two different viewpoints. While some chapters take a specific
argumentative move as their point of departure and investigate the
ways in which it is linguistically manifested in discourse, other
chapters start off from a linguistic construction, trying to
determine its argumentative function and rhetorical potential. The
Language of Argumentation documents the currently prominent
research on stylistic aspects of argumentation and illustrates how
the study of argumentation benefits from insights from linguistic
models, ranging from theoretical pragmatics, politeness theory and
metaphor studies to models of discourse coherence and construction
grammar.
Lexicographica. Series Maior features monographs and edited volumes
on the topics of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Works from the
broader domain of lexicology are also included, provided they
strengthen the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of
lexicography and meta-lexicography. The almost 150 books published
in the series since its founding in 1984 clearly reflect the main
themes and developments of the field. The publications focus on
aspects of lexicography such as micro- and macrostructure,
typology, history of the discipline, and application-oriented
lexicographical documentation.
This book offers an examination of Cicero's speech, the "Pro
Balbo," which was delivered during a momentous period of Roman
history, in defence of a highly influential political advisor of
Caesar who was charged under the "lex Papia" for an illegal grant
of citizenship. The first detailed study of the speech, this study
analyzes the work according to the ancient rhetorical categories:
types of arguments ("inventio": ethos, pathos and logos), the
arrangement of these arguments ("dispositio"), and the use of style
("elocutio"). Kimberly Barber takes a thorough look at Cicero's
technique, providing an understanding of the speech and
illuminating the rhetorical issues raised by its legal context.
This book constitutes a timely contribution to the existing
literature by presenting a relatively comprehensive,
neurobiological account of certain aspects of second language
acquisition. It represents the collaborative efforts of members of
the Neurobiology of Language Research Group in the Applied
Linguistics and TESL Department at UCLA. Members of the group are
trained in neurobiology and then use this knowledge to develop
biological accounts of various aspects of applied linguistics.
The volume avoids the corticocentric bias that characterizes many
brain-language publications--both cortical and subcortical
structures receive their appropriate attention. In addition, it
demonstrates that enough is presently known about the brain to
inform our conceptualizations of how humans acquire second
languages, thus, it provides a refreshingly novel, highly
integrative contribution to the (second) language acquisition
literature.
The goal of the research program was based on the need to drawmore
links between the neurobiological mechanisms and second language
acquisition. As such, the book promotes a neurobiology of language
that starts with the brain and moves to behavior. The fundamental
insights presented should guide second language acquisition
researchers for years to come.
In many ways, this edited volume can be read as a showcase for
the state of affairs in SLA research. It exemplifies what makes
current SLA work so energetic and vibrant, topically and
methodologically innovative, insightful in its results, and
intellectually and episteologically expansive in its implications
and significance beyond second language acquisition. - Applied
Linguistics This text brings together the work of scholars
attempting to extend Vygotsky's theory to second language research.
The papers included, are organized according to three of the major
topics of interest in Vygotskian research: zone of proximal
development, inner and private speech, and activity theory. All of
the papers report on the results of empirical research carried on
in these three areas. Readers will recognize the potential
sociocultural theory and research has for developing a fuller
understanding of L2 learning and use.
This book explores debaters' professional identity construction
through implicit negation in televised debates from an
interpersonal pragmatic perspective. It reveals the linguistic
strategies used to indirectly negate the identity of others, and
highlights three pairs of professional identity constructed through
implicit negation: (1) expert vs. non-expert identity, (2) outsider
vs. insider identity, (3) authentic vs. false identity.
Furthermore, it proposes the Inter-relationality Principle,
self-through-other identity and other-through-self identity, which
contribute to Bucholtz and Hall's theory of identity construction.
Lastly, the book discusses the relations between professional
identity construction through implicit negation and im/politeness,
and builds a model of professional identity construction through
implicit negation based on interpersonal pragmatics. By focusing on
the interpersonal pragmatics of professional identity construction,
the book advances the interpersonal pragmatic study of identity
construction, im/politeness and implicit negation. As such, it is a
valuable resource for a broad readership, including graduate
students, and scholars who are interested in professional identity
construction, implicit negation and im/politeness research.
"Structural Ambiguity in English" is a major new scholarly work
that provides an innovative and accessible linguistic description
of those features of the language that can be exploited to generate
structural ambiguities.
Most ambiguity scholarship is concerned with "disambiguation"--the
process of making what is ambiguous clear. This book takes the
opposite approach as it focuses on describing the features in the
English language that may contribute towards the creation of
structural ambiguities, which form the core of some of the best
word-plays found in advertising, comedy and marketing.
Oaks utilizes a systematic and comprehensive inventory approach
that identifies individual elements in the language and their
distinctive behaviors that can be manipulated in the deliberate
creation of structural ambiguities. In doing so he also provides
authentic examples to illustrate the concepts he presents.
This book will appeal to researchers and academics interested in
the structure of the English language, usage, pragmatics,
communication, natural language processing, editing, and humor
studies as well as those in marketing, advertising, or humor
writing.
Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a
reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality
theoretic pragmatics. The book includes a general introduction that
overviews the foundations of this new research paradigm. The book
is intended to satisfy the needs of students and professional
researchers interested in pragmatics and optimality theory, and
will be of particular interest to those exploring the interfaces of
formal pragmatics with grammar, semantics, philosophy of language,
information theory and cognitive psychology.
In this second edition of Steve Fuller's original work Philosophy,
Rhetoric, and the End of Knowledge: A New Beginning for Science and
Technology Studies, James Collier joins Fuller in developing an
updated and accessible version of Fuller's classic volume. The new
edition shifts focus slightly to balance the discussions of theory
and practice, and the writing style is oriented to advanced
students. It addresses the contemporary problems of knowledge to
develop the basis for a more publicly accountable science. The
resources of social epistemology are deployed to provide a positive
agenda of research, teaching, and political action designed to
bring out the best in both the ancient discipline of rhetoric and
the emerging field of science and technology studies (STS). The
authors reclaim and integrate STS and rhetoric to explore the
problems of knowledge as a social process--problems of increasing
public interest that extend beyond traditional disciplinary
resources. In so doing, the differences among disciplines must be
questioned (the exercise of STS) and the disciplinary boundaries
must be renegotiated (the exercise of rhetoric). This book
innovatively integrates a sophisticated theoretical approach to the
social processes of creating knowledge with a developing
pedagogical apparatus. The thought questions at the end of each
chapter, the postscript, and the appendix allow the reader to
actively engage the text in order to discuss and apply its
theoretical insights. Creating new standards for interdisciplinary
scholarship and communication, the authors bring numerous
disciplines into conversation in formulating a new kind of rhetoric
geared toward greater democratic participation in the
knowledge-making process. This volume is intended for students and
scholars in rhetoric of science, science studies, philosophy, and
communication, and will be of interest in English, sociology, and
knowledge management arenas as well.
Contents: Volume I : Foundational Issues Part A. Truth and Denotation 1. Gottlob Frege, 'On Sense and Reference', translated by Max Black, The Philosophical Review, 57, 1948, pp.207-230. (Originally published as 'Sinn und Bedeutung', in Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Philosophische Kritik, 100, 1892, pp. 25-50) 2. Bertrand Russell, 'On Denoting', Mind, 14, 1905, pp. 479-493 3. Peter F. Strawson, 'On Referring', Mind, 59, 1950, pp. 320-344 4. Rudolph Carnap, 'Extensions and Intensions', in Meaning and Necessity, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947), pp. 23-32 Part B. Semantics and Grammar 5. Jerrold Katz and Paul Postal, 'The Semantic Component', in An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions, (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1964), pp. 12-29 6. Richard Montague, 'Universal Grammar', Theoria, 36, 1970, pp. 373-398 7. David Lewis, 'General Semantics', Synthese, 22, 1970, pp. 18-67 8. Noam Chomsky, 'Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Semantic Interpretation', in Danny Steinberg and Leon Jakobovits, eds., Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 183-216 9. George Lakoff, 'On Generative Semantics', in Danny Steinberg and Leon Jakobovits, eds., Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 232-252 10. Richard Montague, 'The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English', in Jaako Hintikka, J. Moravcsik, and Patrick Suppes, eds., Approaches to Natural Languages Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics, (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1973), pp. 221-247 11. Barbara Partee, 'Some Transformational Extensions of Montague Grammar', Journal of Philosophical Logic, 2, 1973, pp. 509-534 12. Robert May, 'Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation', in Logical Form: Its Structure and Derivation, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), pp. 1-30 13. Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal, 'Knowledge of Meaning and Theories of Truth', in Knowledge of Meaning, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), pp. 25-42 14. Carlos Otero, 'Language, meaning and interpretation: Chomsky against the philosophers', 2002, pp. 1-26. (An adapted excerpt of a paper that is to appear elsewhere.) Volume II: Generalized Quantifiers and Scope 15. Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper, 'Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language', Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 1981, pp.159-219 16. William Ladusaw, 'Semantic Constraints on the English Partitive Construction', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 1, (Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1982), pp. 231-242 17. Johan Van Benthem, 'Determiners and Logic', Linguistics and Philosophy, 6, 1983, pp. 437-464 18. Franciska De Jong and Henk Verkuyl, 'Generalized Quantifiers: The Properness of their Strength', in Johan van Benthem, and Alice ter Meulen, eds., Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 21-43 19. Dag Westerståhl, 'Determiners and Context Sets', in Johan van Benthem, and Alice ter Meulen, eds., Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 45-71 20. Barbara Partee, 'Noun Phrase Interpretation and Type Shifting Principles', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Dick de Jongh, and Martin Stockhof, eds., Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of Generalized Quantifiers, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987), pp. 115?143 21. Johan Van Benthem, 'Polyadic Quantifiers', Linguistics and Philosophy, 12, 1989, pp. 437-464 22. Edward Keenan, 'Semantic Case Theory', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Martin Stokhof, and Frank Veltman, eds., Proceedings of the Sixth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1987), pp. 109-132 23. Gila Sher, 'Ways of Branching Quantifiers', Linguistics and Philosophy, 14, 1990, pp. 393-422 24. Donka Farkas, 'Quantifier Scope and Syntactic Islands', in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society (CLS), 7, 1981, pp. 59-66 25. Fengh-Hsi Liu, 'Scope Dependency' in Scope and Specificity, (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998), pp. 9-15 26. Dorit Ben-Shalom, 'Object Wide Scope and Semantic Trees', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 3, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1993), pp. 19?37 27. Anna Szabolcsi, 'Strategies for Scope Taking', in Ways of Scope Taking, (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997), pp. 109-154 Volume III : Noun Phrase Classes Part A. Indefiniteness and Definiteness 28. David Lewis>, 'Adverbs of Quantification', in Edward Keenan, ed., Formal Semantics of Natural Language, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 3-15 29. Lauri Karttunen, 'Discourse Referents', in James McCawley, ed., Syntax and Semantics, 7, (New York: Academic Press, 1976), pp. 363-385 30. Gary Milsark, 'Towards an Explanation of Certain Peculiarities in the Existential Construction in English', Linguistic Analysis, 3, 1977, pp. 1-29 31. Janet Fodor and Ivan Sag, 'Referential and Quantificational Indefinites', Linguistics and Philosophy, 5, 1982, pp. 355-398 32. Irene Heim, 'File Change Semantics and the Familiarity Theory of Definiteness', in Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use and Interpretation of Language, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1983), pp. 164-189 33. Edward Keenan, A Semantic Definition of 'Indefinite NP', in Eric Reuland and Alice ter Meulen, eds., The Representation of (In)definiteness, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), pp. 286-317 34. Alessandro Zucchi, 'Existential Sentences and Predication', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 601-621 35. Mürvet Enç, 'The Semantics of Specificity', Linguistic Inquiry, 22, 1991, pp. 1-25 36. Molly Diesing, 'Deriving Logical Representations: A Proposal', in Indefinites, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992), pp. 1-11 37. Veerle Van Geenhoven, 'Semantic Incorporation: A Uniform Semantics for West Greenlandic Noun Incorporation and West Germanic Bare Plural Configurations' in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society(CLS), 31, 1995, pp. 171-186 38. Yoad Winter, 'Semantic Universals and Choice Function Theory', in Francis Corblin, Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin, and Jean-Marie Marandin, eds., Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax and Semantics, (The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics, 1999), pp. 59-73 Part B. Plurals and Mass Nouns 39. Greg Carlson, 'A Unified Analysis of the English Bare Plural', Linguistics and Philosophy, 1, 1977, pp. 413-456 40. Remko Scha, 'Distributive, Collective and Cumulative Quantification', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Theo Janssen, and Martin Stokhof, eds., Formal Methods in the Study of Language. Proceedings of the Third Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: Matematisch Centrum, 1981), pp. 483-512. 41. Godehard Link, 'The Logical Analysis of Plural and Mass Terms: A Lattice-Theoretical Approach', in Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use and Interpretation of Language, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1983), pp. 302-323 42. Brendan Gillon, 'The Readings of Plural Noun Phrases in English', Linguistics and Philosophy, 10, 1987, pp. 199-219 43. Peter Lasersohn, 'On the Readings of Plural Noun Phrases', Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 1989, pp. 130-134 44. Roger Schwarzschild, 'Against Groups', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 475-494 45. Almerindo Ojeda, 'On Conceptional Neuterality', in Linguistic Individuals, (Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1991), pp. 161-183 46. Gennaro Chierchia, 'Partitives, Reference to Kinds and Semantic Variation', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 4, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1997), pp. 73-98 Volume IV : The Semantics of Predicates and Inflection Part A. Events, Aspect, and Thematic Roles 47. Zeno Vendler, 'Verbs and Times', The Philosophical Review, 56, 1957, pp. 143-160 48. Terence Parsons, 'Underlying Events in the Logical Analysis of English', in Ernest LePore, ed., Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985), pp. 235-267 49. Emmon Bach, 'The Algebra of Events', Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 1986, pp. 5-16 50. Henk Verkuyl, 'Aspectual Asymmetry and Quantification', in Veronika Ehrich and Heinz Vater, eds., temporalsemantik, (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1988), pp. 220-259 51. James Pustejovsky, 'The Geometry of Events', in Carol Tenny, ed., Studies in Generative Approaches to Aspect. MIT Lexicon Project Working Papers 24, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, Center for Cognitive Science, 1988), pp. 19-39 52. Greg Carlson, 'Thematic Roles and their Role in Linguistic Theory', Linguistics, 22, 1984, pp. 259-279 53. Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin, 'What to Do with Theta-Roles', in Wendy Wilkins, ed., Syntax and Semantics 21, Thematic Relations, (New York: Academic Press, 1988), pp. 7-36 54. David Dowty, 'Thematic Proto?Roles and Argument Selection', Language, 67, 1991, § 4-8, pp. 560-582 Part B. Tense and Modality 55. Hans Reichenbach, 'The Tenses of Verbs', in Elements of Symbolic Logic, (New York: The MacMillan Co., 1947), pp. 287-298 56. David Dowty, 'The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal Structure of Discourse: Semantics or Pragmatics?', Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 1986, pp. 37-62 57. Mürvet Enç, 'Anchoring Conditions for Tense', Linguistic Inquiry, 18, 1987, pp. 633-657 58. Dorit Abusch, 'Sequence of Tense, Intensionality and Scope', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 7, 1988, pp. 1-14 59. Mark Moens and Mark Steedman, 'Temporal Ontology in Natural Language', in Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 1987, Stanford University, pp. 1-7 60. Dorit Abusch, 'The Present under Past as De Re Interpretation', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 10, 1991, pp. 1-12 61. Toshiyuki Ogihara, 'Adverbs of Quantification and Sequence of Tense Phenomena', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 4, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1994), pp. 251-267 62. Henriëtte De Swart, 'Quantification over Time', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA.: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 311-336 63. Angelika Kratzer, 'The Notional Category of Modality', in Hans-Jürgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, eds., Words, Worlds and Context, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1981), pp. 38-74 64. Donka Farkas, 'On the Semantics of Subjunctive Complements', in Paul Hirschbueler and Konrad Koerner, eds., Romance Languages and Modern Linguistic Theory, (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992), pp. 69-104 65. Paul Portner, 'Modal Discourse Referents and the Semantics of the Mood Phrase', in University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics, 3, 1995, pp. 224-255 Volume V: Operators and Sentence Types Part A. Adjectives, Degrees, and Comparatives 66. Hans Kamp, 'Two Theories about Adjectives', in Edward Keenan, ed., Formal Semantics of Natural Language, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp.123-155 67. Max J. Cresswell, 'The Semantics of Degree', in Barbara Partee, ed., Montague Grammar, (New York: Academic Press, 1976), pp. 261-292 68. Jean-Yves Lerner and Manfred Pinkal, 'Comparatives and Nested Quantification', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 329-345 69. Christopher Kennedy, 'Comparison and Polar Opposition', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 5, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1997), pp. 240-257 Part B. Negation and Negative Polarity Items 70. Gilles Fauconnier, 'Polarity and the Scale Principle', in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 11, 1975, pp.188-199 71. Jack Hoeksema, 'Monotonicity Phenomena in Natural Language', Linguistic Analysis, 16, 1986, pp.25-40 72. Nirit Kadmon and Fred Landman, 'Polarity Sensitive Any and Free Choice Any', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 227-252 73. Frans Zwarts, 'Nonveridical Contexts', Linguistic Analysis, 25, 1995, pp. 286-312 74. William Ladusaw, 'Configurational Expression of Negation', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA.: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 203-223 Part C. Questions 75. Lauri Karttunen, 'Syntax and Semantics of Questions', Linguistics and Philosophy, 1, 1977, pp. 3-44 76. James Higginbotham and Robert May, 'Questions, Quantifiers and Crossing', The Linguistic Review, 1, 1981, pp. 41-79 77. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof, 'On the Semantics of Questions and the Pragmatics of Answers', in Fred Landman and Frank Veltman, eds., Varieties of Formal Semantics, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 143-170 78. Stephen Berman, 'Towards the Semantics of Open Sentences: Wh Phrases and Indefinites', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 53-77 79. Utpal Lahiri, 'Questions, Answers and Selection', in Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society(NELS), 21, 1991, pp. 233-246 80. Jonathan Ginzburg, 'A Quasi-Naive Semantics for Interrogatives and its Implications', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 197-212 81. Veneeta Dayal, 'Two Types of Universal Terms in Questions', in Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society(NELS), 22, 1992, pp. 443-457 82. James Higginbotham, 'Interrogatives', in Ken Hale and Samuel J. Keyser, eds., The View from Building 20, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993), pp. 195-227 83. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach, 'Interrogatives and Polyadic Quantification', in Nelia Scott, ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Questions, (Liverpool: University of Liverpool, 1999), pp. 1-14 Volume VI: Discourse and Dynamics Part A. Topic and Focus 84. Barbara Partee, 'Topic, Focus and Quantification', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory(SALT), 1, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1991), pp. 159-187 85. Manfred Krifka, 'A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Foci', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory(SALT), 1, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1991), pp. 127-158 86. Sjaak De Mey, 'Generalized Quantifier Theory and the Semantics of Focus', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 269-279 87. Daniel Büring, 'Topic', in Peter Bosch and Rob van der Sandt, eds., Focus. Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational Perspectives, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 142-165 Part B. Pronouns and Anaphora 88. Peter Geach, 'Pronominal Reference: Relative Pronouns', in Reference and Generality, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1962), pp. 108-132 89. Gareth Evans, 'Pronouns', Linguistic Inquiry, 11, 1980, pp. 337-362 90. Hans Kamp, 'A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Theo Janssen, and Martin Stokhof, eds., Formal Methods in the Study of Language. Proceedings of the Third Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: Matematisch Centrum, 1981), pp. 1-41 91. Craige Roberts, 'Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora in Discourse', Linguistics and Philosophy,12, 1989, pp. 683-722 92. Paul Dekker, 'Existential Disclosure', Linguistics and Philosophy, 16, 1993, pp. 561-587 93. Gennaro Chierchia, 'Dynamic Binding', in Dynamics of Meaning, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), pp. 62-84 94. Jeroen Groenendijk, Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman, 'Coreference and Contextually Restricted Quantification', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 5, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1995), pp. 112-129 95. Chris Barker, 'A Presuppositional Account of Proportional Ambiguity', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 3, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1993), pp. 1-18 Part C. The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface 96. Robert Stalnaker, 'Assertion', in Peter Cole, ed., Syntax and Semantics, 9, (New York, Academic Press, 1978), pp. 315-332 97. David Lewis, 'Scorekeeping in a Language Game', in Rainer Bäuerle, Urs Egli, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Semantics from Different Points of View, (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1979), pp. 172-187 98. Enric Vallduvi, 'A Theory of Informatics', in The Informational Component, PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1990, (Ann Arbor, MI: Garland Publishing Co., 1992), pp. 201-218 99. Kai Von Fintel, 'The Context-Dependency of Quantifiers', in Restrictions on Quantifier Domains, PhD diss., University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1995, pp. 27-36 100. Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson, 'Natural-Language Content: A Proof-Theoretic Perspective. A Preliminary Report', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 173-195 101. Nicholas Asher, 'Mathematical Treatments of Discourse Contexts', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Tenth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1995), pp. 21-40
Plurality, Conjunction and Events presents a novel theory of plural
and conjoined phrases, in an event-based semantic framework. It
begins by reviewing options for treating the alternation between
`collective' and `distributive' readings of sentences containing
plural or conjoined noun phrases, including analyses from both the
modern and the premodern literature. It is argued that plural and
conjoined noun phrases are unambiguously group-denoting, and that
the collective/distributive distinction therefore must be located
in the predicates with which these noun phrases combine. More
specifically, predicates must have a hidden argument place for
events; the collective/distributive distinction may then be
represented in the part/whole structure of these events. This
allows a natural treatment of `collectivizing' adverbial
expressions, and of `pluractional' affixes; it also allows a
unified semantics for conjunction, in which conjoined sentences and
predicates denote groups of events, much like conjoined noun
phrases denote groups of individuals.
Concepts of Meaning includes contributions from well-known
philosophers of language and semanticists. It is a useful
collection for students in philosophy of language, semantics and
epistemology. This work discusses new research in semantics, theory
of truth, philosophy of language and theory of communication from a
trans-disciplinary perspective.
An integrated theory of linguistic behavior should provide a
framework to make behavior intelligible. This work addresses issues
such as sentence meaning, utterance meaning, speaker's intention
and reference, linguistic context, circumstances and background
theories. Readers will learn that interpretation is a result of a
complex pattern.
This book contributes to the growth of interest in task-based
language learning and teaching that has been seen in recent years.
It brings together research that focuses on various aspects and
effects of pedagogic task design and presents work that uses tasks
to examine oral interaction, written production, vocabulary and
reading, lexical innovation and pragmatics in different formal
language learning contexts and in different languages (English as a
second/foreign language, French/German/Italian/Spanish as foreign
languages). It also provides guidelines for task classification,
sequencing and design. The book is addressed to both professionals
and students interested in second language acquisition research. It
will also be of use to professionals involved in language pedagogy
and curriculum design.
This is the first study of the typological change of English from a
synthetic towards an analytic language that focuses exclusively on
the lexical domain of the language. It presents an innovative
approach to linguistic typology by focusing on the different
encoding techniques used in the lexicon, providing a theoretical
framework for the description of structural types (synthetic,
analytic) and encoding techniques (fusional, isolating,
agglutinative, incorporating) found in the lexicon of a language.
It is argued that, in the case of English, the change from
syntheticity to analyticity did not only affect its inflectional
system and the encoding of grammatical information, but also the
derivational component. Based on a cognitive approach to
derivation, the book provides empirical evidence for a considerable
decline in the use of synthetic structures and a trend towards
higher degrees of analyticity in a specific lexical domain of
English, the formation of nouns by means of derivation. The full
extent of this change surfaced during the transition from Old
English to early Middle English, but it was later partly reversed
though influence from French. The typological shift was thus the
result of a global structural reorganization of the language that
resulted in a fundamental change of the structure of words. The
book also presents a comprehensive account of the historical
development of nominal derivation from the beginnings of Old
English until the end of the early Middle English period. Based on
empirical data from written sources the study documents the
frequency of use of all Germanic-based derivational morphemes for
nominalizations over different subperiods and discusses their
origin as well as important changes of their semantic and
morphological properties.
Bringing together leading and emerging scholars in Systemic
Functional Linguistics, this book explores the contributions made
to SFL theory by James Robert Martin. A leading light in the field
for 40 years, this book reviews, explores and develops the
theoretical agendas set out in his momentous body of work. Focussed
around the four themes of systemic functional theory, linguistic
typology, educational linguistics and (positive) discourse
analysis, chapters debate and develop the key concepts of Martin's
work. Engaging with cutting edge theoretical debates in areas such
as discourse-semantics, register and genre and affiliation,
Discourses of Hope and Reconciliation examines Martin's lasting
impact on the field, developing his momentous contributions to
point the way to exciting future research directions in SFL.
In a systematic presentation of Johnson's views on language,
Johnson on Language: An Introduction addresses the problems
inherent in the formation of style, as Johnson saw them, but also
contains a detailed discussion of his opinions concerning the
proper responsibilities of the lexicographer. The wide-ranging
discussion takes in the linguistic controversies of classical
antiquity, the resumption and elaboration of various classical
ideas in the Renaissance period, and the way in which Johnson's own
ideas have been shaped by his reading of important documents of
these eras.
Brummett explores the ways people use three key terms-reality,
representation, and simulation-as rhetorical devices with political
and social effect. Human perception, language, and aesthetics
experiences are the bases for the fluidity among these terms. Each
term's rhetoric is illustrated in an analysis of texts in popular
culture: William Gibson's novels, the usenet group rec.motorcycles,
and the film Groundhog Day. Brummett explores the ways people use
three key terms-reality, representation, and simulation-as
rhetorical devices with political and social effect. People write
and speak as if there were such things as reality, representation,
and simulation. People treat the terms as if they were clearly
referential and as if those referents were clearly distinct. But
what kind of political, social work do people do when they write
and speak in those terms? What kind of claim is being made, or
accusation leveled when such a term is used? How do the dimensions
and parameters of meaning facilitated by each term work in the
management and distribution of power? These are questions of
rhetoric, the manipulation of signs and symbols for influence and
effect. Brummett illustates the rhetoric of reality in a critical
analysis of William Gibson's science fiction novels. The rhetoric
of representation is shown in discusions on the usenet group
rec.motorcyles. The rhetoric of simulation is explained through the
film Groundhog Day. Of particular interest to scholars, students,
and researchers involved with rhetoric and popular culture, media,
communication, and technology, and the literature of science and
science fiction.
Lexicography is a growing academic specialization, with both a practical and a theoretical branch, numerous perspectives, and interdisciplinary significance. This collection draws together the most important and influential work in the field of lexicography. As well as a new general introduction contextualizing the main themes, each section will be preceded by a smaller introduction by the editor, guiding the reader through the selection of pieces made, and drawing together the thematic threads of the individual pieces. Completed with an extensive index, this collection provides a comprehensive reference point for those working in the field.
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