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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social issues > Social impact of disasters
In an age of uncertainty about how climate change may affect the
global food supply, industrial agribusiness promises to keep the
world fed. Through the use of factory "farms," genetic engineering,
and the widespread application of chemicals, they put their trust
in technology and ask consumers to put our trust in them. However,
a look behind the curtain reveals practices that put our soil,
water, and health at risk. What are the alternatives? And can they
too feed the world?
The rapidly growing alternative food system is made up of people
reclaiming their connections to their food and their health. A
forty-year veteran of this movement, Mark Winne introduces us to
innovative "local doers" leading the charge to bring nutritious,
sustainable, and affordable food to all. Heeding Emerson's call to
embrace that great American virtue of self-reliance, these leaders
in communities all across the country are defying the authority of
the food conglomerates and taking matters into their own hands.
They are turning urban wastelands into farms, creating local dairy
collectives, preserving farmland, and refusing to use genetically
modified seed. They are not only bringing food education to
children in elementary schools, but also offering cooking classes
to adults in diabetes-prone neighborhoods--and taking the message
to college campuses as well. Such efforts promote food democracy
and empower communities to create local food-policy councils, build
a neighborhood grocery store in the midst of a food desert, or
demand healthier school lunches for their kids. Winne's hope is
that all of these programs, scaled up and adopted more widely, will
ultimately allow the alternative food system to dethrone the
industrial.
" "
"Food Rebels, Guerrilla Gardeners, and Smart-Cookin' Mamas
"challenges us to go beyond eating local to become part of a larger
solution, demanding a system that sustains body and soul.
From earthquakes to tornados, elected officials' responses to
natural disasters can leave an indelible mark on their political
careers. In the midst of the 1992 primary season, Hurricane Andrew
overwhelmed South Florida, requiring local, state, and federal
emergency responses. The work of many politicians in the storm's
immediate aftermath led to a curious "incumbency advantage" in the
general election a few weeks later, raising the question of just
how much the disaster provided opportunities to effectively
"campaign without campaigning." David Twigg uses newspaper stories,
scholarly articles, and first person interviews to explore the
impact of Hurricane Andrew on local and state political incumbents,
revealing how elected officials adjusted their strategies and
activities in the wake of the disaster. Not only did Andrew give
them a legitimate and necessary opportunity to enhance their
constituency service and associate themselves with the flow of
external assistance, but it also allowed them to achieve
significant personal visibility and media coverage while appearing
to be non-political or above "normal" politics. This engrossing
case study clearly demonstrates why natural disasters often
privilege incumbents. Twigg not only sifts through the post-Andrew
election results in Florida, but he also points out the possible
effects of other past (and future) disaster events on political
campaigns in this fascinating and prescient book.
The articles in the volume contribute to a relatively new domain of
scholarly research - the ecological anthropology, focusing
especially on contemporary crises and disasters from different
background: natural, social, technological, etc. Based upon
expanded field work, in some cases - from a terrain difficult to
access, the authors investigate a variety of disasters' situations
in two contemporary societies of the developing world - China in
Southeast Asia, and Bulgaria in the Southeast European Balkans. The
forms of disasters researched, include: epidemics and
health-threads (SARS, AIDS, Bird Flu, rat disease, small pox,
typhoid fever, etc.); ecologically related disasters
(bio-disasters), social catastrophic events (transition in
political regime, and towards reforming and opening, also towards a
market economy), natural crises (arid areas, snow-falls,
rain-falls, draughts). Attention is paid to a full scale disasters'
life-cycle from the creation and evaluation of a
risk-vulnerability, individual and social reaction and coping
strategies, up to the relief management. The articles investigate
the interrelationships between cultural, demographic, political,
economic, and environmental domains related to the disasters -
e.g., the social context of the crisis. It is the authors'
understanding that this context defines the preparedness,
mobilization, and prevention of disasters for each discrete group
of people or society. The volume applies a broad ethnological
approach to the field of disasters' study, which interprets them
comparatively, contextualy, and in cross-cultural perspective. It
is conceived as a first volume of a series investigation papers of
a joint research team on this topic.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies regardless of service
delivery model have sought guidance on how to better integrate
their emergency preparedness and response activities into similar
processes occurring at the local, regional, State, tribal and
Federal levels. The primary purpose of this project is to begin the
process of providing that guidance as it relates to mass care
incident deployment. The World Bank reported in 2005 that on
aggregate, the reported number of natural disasters worldwide has
been rapidly increasing, from fewer than 100 in 1975 to more than
400 in 2005. Terrorism, pandemic surge, and natural disasters have
had a major impact on the science of planning for and responding to
mass care incidents and remain a significant threat to the
homeland. From the attacks of September 11th, 2001, the subsequent
use of anthrax as a biological weapon, to the more recent surge
concerns following the outbreak of H1N1 influenza, EMS have a real
and immediate need for integration with the emergency management
process, and to coordinate efforts with partners across the
spectrum of the response community. The barriers identified from
the literature review and interviews with national EMS leadership
include: lack of access to emergency preparedness grant funding;
underrepresentation on local, regional, and State level planning
committees; and lack of systematic mandatory inclusion of all EMS
provider types in State, regional, and local emergency plans. In
December 2004, New York University's Center for Catastrophe
Preparedness and Response held a national roundtable that included
experts from major organizations representing the EMS system as a
whole. The report from that meeting concluded that: "EMS providers,
such as fire departments and hospital-based, commercial, and air
ambulance services, ensure that patients receive the medical care
they need during a terrorist attack. While EMS personnel, including
Emergency Medical Technicians and paramedics, represent roughly
one-third of traditional first responders (which also include law
enforcement and fire service personnel), the EMS system receives
only four percent of first responder funding. If EMS personnel are
not prepared for a terrorist attack, their ability to provide
medical care and transport to victims of an attack will be
compromised. There will be an inadequate medical first response."
In 2007, the Institute of Medicine in its landmark report Emergency
Medical Services at the Crossroads issued a recommendation that
stated: "The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the
Department of Homeland Security and the States should elevate
emergency and trauma care to a position of parity with other public
safety entities in disaster planning and operations." Since the
time of these reports Federal progress to address these issues has
included the creation of the Office of Health Affairs (OHA) within
the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the creation of the
Emergency Care Coordination Center (ECCC) within HHS, and the
creation of the Federal Interagency Committee on EMS (FICEMS)
Preparedness Committee. In an effort to increase the level of
preparedness among EMS agencies, the National Emergency Medical
Services Management Association (NEMSMA) approached the DHS and OHA
to engage them in a partnership that would provide a greater
understanding of the shortfalls in EMS emergency preparedness and
provide resources to fill those gaps. The primary objective of this
project is to understand model policies and practices across a
spectrum of disciplines and provider types that will lead to a
better prepared EMS deployment to mass care incidents. This project
should serve as a foundation for further development of EMS
specific policies and templates that improve EMS readiness to
manage the full spectrum of hazards that face their communities.
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