Do modern programming languages, IDEs, and libraries make coding easy? Maybe, but coding is not design. Large-scale or expensive apps clearly require evaluation of design choices. Still, software design directly impacts code reuse and longevity even for small-scale apps with limited overhead. This text evaluates and contrasts common object-oriented designs. A given problem may have many solutions. A developer may employ different design techniques - composition, inheritance, dependency injection, delegation, etc. - to solve a particular problem. A skilled developer can determine the costs and benefits of different design responses, even amid competing concerns. A responsible developer documents design choices as a contract with the client, delineating external and internal responsibilities. To promote effective software design, this book examines contractual, object-oriented designs for immediate and sustained use as well as code reuse. The intent of identifying design variants is to recognize and manage conflicting goals such as short versus long-term utility, stability versus flexibility, and storage versus computation. Many examples are given to evaluate and contrast different solutions and to compare C# and C++ effects. No one has a crystal ball; however, deliberate design promotes software longevity. With the prominence of legacy OO code, a clear understanding of different object-oriented designs is essential. Design questions abound. Is code reuse better with inheritance or composition? Should composition rely on complete encapsulation? Design choices impact flexibility, efficiency, stability, longevity, and reuse, yet compilers do not enforce design and syntax does not necessarily illustrate design. Through deliberate design, or redesign when refactoring, developers construct sustainable, efficient code.

Nonfunctional Requirements in Mobile Application Development is an empirical study that investigates how nonfunctional requirements--as compared with functional requirements--are treated by the software engineers during mobile application development. The book empirically analyzes the contribution of nonfunctional requirements to project parameters such as cost, time, and quality. Such parameters are of prime interest as they determine the survival of organizations in highly dynamic environments. The impact of nonfunctional requirements on project success is analyzed through surveys and case studies, both individually and relative to each other. Sources for data collection include industry, academia, and literature. The book also empirically studies the impact of nonfunctional requirements on the overall business success of both the software development firm and the software procuring firm. Project success is examined to determine if it leads to business success. The book provides rich empirical evidence to place nonfunctional requirements on par with functional requirements to achieve business success in highly competitive markets. This work enhances the body of knowledge through multiple empirical research methods including surveys, case studies, and experimentation to study software engineers' focus on nonfunctional requirements at both project and business levels. The book can guide both computer scientists and business managers in devising theoretical and technical solutions for software release planning to achieve business success.

Software Design: Creating Solutions for Ill-Structured Problems, Third Edition provides a balanced view of the many and varied software design practices used by practitioners. The book provides a general overview of software design within the context of software development and as a means of addressing ill-structured problems. The third edition has been expanded and reorganised to focus on the structure and process aspects of software design, including architectural issues, as well as design notations and models. It also describes a variety of different ways of creating design solutions such as plan-driven development, agile approaches, patterns, product lines, and other forms. Features *Includes an overview and review of representation forms used for modelling design solutions *Provides a concise review of design practices and how these relate to ideas about software architecture *Uses an evidence-informed basis for discussing design concepts and when their use is appropriate This book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses on software engineering and software design, as well as for software engineers. Author David Budgen is a professor emeritus of software engineering at Durham University. His research interests include evidence-based software engineering (EBSE), software design, and healthcare informatics.

This book presents a comprehensive coverage of the five fundamental yet intertwined pillars paving the road towards the future of connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The connectivity pillar covers all the latest advancements and various technologies on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications/networking and vehicular cloud computing, with special emphasis on their role towards vehicle autonomy and smart cities applications. On the other hand, the autonomy track focuses on the different efforts to improve vehicle spatiotemporal perception of its surroundings using multiple sensors and different perception technologies. Since most of CAVs are expected to run on electric power, studies on their electrification technologies, satisfaction of their charging demands, interactions with the grid, and the reliance of these components on their connectivity and autonomy, is the third pillar that this book covers. On the smart services side, the book highlights the game-changing roles CAV will play in future mobility services and intelligent transportation systems. The book also details the ground-breaking directions exploiting CAVs in broad spectrum of smart cities applications. Example of such revolutionary applications are autonomous mobility on-demand services with integration to public transit, smart homes, and buildings. The fifth and final pillar involves the illustration of security mechanisms, innovative business models, market opportunities, and societal/economic impacts resulting from the soon-to-be-deployed CAVs. This book contains an archival collection of top quality, cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research on connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The book is an authoritative reference for smart city decision makers, automotive manufacturers, utility operators, smart-mobility service providers, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, vehicle charging providers, university professors, researchers, and students who would like to learn more about the advances in CAEVs connectivity, autonomy, electrification, security, and integration into smart cities and intelligent transportation systems.

Content-Based Image Classification: Efficient Machine Learning Using Robust Feature Extraction Techniques is a comprehensive guide to research with invaluable image data. Social Science Research Network has revealed that 65% of people are visual learners. Research data provided by Hyerle (2000) has clearly shown 90% of information in the human brain is visual. Thus, it is no wonder that visual information processing in the brain is 60,000 times faster than text-based information (3M Corporation, 2001). Recently, we have witnessed a significant surge in conversing with images due to the popularity of social networking platforms. The other reason for embracing usage of image data is the mass availability of high-resolution cellphone cameras. Wide usage of image data in diversified application areas including medical science, media, sports, remote sensing, and so on, has spurred the need for further research in optimizing archival, maintenance, and retrieval of appropriate image content to leverage data-driven decision-making. This book demonstrates several techniques of image processing to represent image data in a desired format for information identification. It discusses the application of machine learning and deep learning for identifying and categorizing appropriate image data helpful in designing automated decision support systems. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Image feature extraction with novel handcrafted techniques (traditional feature extraction) Image feature extraction with automated techniques (representation learning with CNNs) Significance of fusion-based approaches in enhancing classification accuracy MATLAB (R) codes for implementing the techniques Use of the Open Access data mining tool WEKA for multiple tasks The book is intended for budding researchers, technocrats, engineering students, and machine learning/deep learning enthusiasts who are willing to start their computer vision journey with content-based image recognition. The readers will get a clear picture of the essentials for transforming the image data into valuable means for insight generation. Readers will learn coding techniques necessary to propose novel mechanisms and disruptive approaches. The WEKA guide provided is beneficial for those uncomfortable coding for machine learning algorithms. The WEKA tool assists the learner in implementing machine learning algorithms with the click of a button. Thus, this book will be a stepping-stone for your machine learning journey. Please visit the author's website for any further guidance at https://www.rikdas.com/

This book supports readers in the development of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilot training simulator by exploiting open-source or free gaming software and emphasizing the importance of using established and widely-available game design techniques to provide engaging scenarios for ROV training developers and trainees. There is no such book to guide the users to create an open-source virtual simulator for pilot training in the marine and offshore industry. This book can be used as a reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students, engineers, researchers, and lecturers in VR simulation using UnityTM as the leading software. Some of the key features of the book include: * Step-by-step procedures in development ROV pilot training simulator * Use of open-source software UnityTM that is freely available to all readers * The codes used in the book are self-sufficient as there are no codes hidden from readers

The book addresses the need to investigate new approaches to lower energy requirement in multiple application areas and serves as a guide into emerging circuit technologies. It explores revolutionary device concepts, sensors, and associated circuits and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation. The book responds to the need to develop disruptive new system architecutres, circuit microarchitectures, and attendant device and interconnect technology aimed at achieving the highest level of computational energy efficiency for general purpose computing systems. Features Discusses unique technologies and material only available in specialized journal and conferences Covers emerging applications areas, such as ultra low power communications, emerging bio-electronics, and operation in extreme environments Explores broad circuit operation, ex. analog, RF, memory, and digital circuits Contains practical applications in the engineering field, as well as graduate studies Written by international experts from both academia and industry

This book is a self-contained, practical introduction how to use FeatureIDE for modeling and implementing variable systems. In particular, readers learn how to analyze domains using feature models, specify requirements in form of configurations, and how to generate code based on conditional compilation and feature-oriented programming. Given the interactive style of the book, readers can directly try out the open-source development environment. All code examples are available in the standard distribution on GitHub and can immediately been used for individual modifications. Each part of the book is presented as a step-by-step tutorial and additionally illustrated using an ongoing example of elevator control software written in Java. Written by the core development team of FeatureIDE, this book is suitable for students using a tool for deepening the theoretical foundations of variability modeling and implementation, and as a reference for practitioners needing a stable and scalable tool for industrial applications. FeatureIDE is the most used open-source tool for feature modeling and has been continuously improved since 2004. The success of FeatureIDE is due to being a vehicle for cutting-edge product-line research by still providing an easy-to-use and seamless integration into Eclipse.

Developing secure software requires the integration of numerous methods and tools into the development process, and software design is based on shared expert knowledge, claims, and opinions. Empirical methods, including data analytics, allow extracting knowledge and insights from the data that organizations collect from their processes and tools, and from the opinions of the experts who practice these processes and methods. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of empirical research methods, and demonstrates how these methods can be used to hone a secure software development lifecycle based on empirical data and published best practices.

Published in 1993. Software reuse has been shown to achieve improvements in productivity, quality and timeliness of software. The collection of papers in this book were given at a seminar organized by UNICOM and the British Computer Society Software Reuse Specialist Group. They address the reasons why software reuse can maximize an organization's return from past expenditure and ensure a good future expenditure. Increasing the automation of software development requires access to explicit knowledge about processes and products involved. The chapters examine the relationship between reuse and other aspects of software engineering, including management techniques and structures, CASE, methodologies and object orientation. In addition, the papers aim to provide a structures insight into new techniques which will become available through the 1990s. This text is suitable for software managers and directors, software engineers, software professionals, academics, and other involved in software engineering research.

This textbook presents a systematic methodology for program development by using design recipes, i.e. a series of steps, each with a specific outcome, that takes a problem solver from a problem statement to a working and tested programmed solution. It introduces the reader to generative recursion, heuristic searching, accumulative recursion, tail recursion, iteration, mutation, loops, program correctness, and vectors. It uses video game development to make the content fun while at the same time teaching problem-solving techniques. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents introductory material on basic problem solving and program design. It starts by reviewing the basic steps of a design recipe using structural recursion on a list. It then proceeds to review code refactoring-a common technique used to refine programs when a better or more elegant way is found to solve a problem-and introduces the reader to randomness. Next, Part II explores a new type of recursion called generative recursion. It navigates the reader through examples involving fractal image generation, efficient sorting, and efficient searching techniques such as binary, depth-first, and breadth-first search. Part III then explores a new type of recursion called accumulative (or accumulator) recursion. Examples used include finding a path in a graph, improving insertion sorting, and list-folding operations. Finally, Part IV explores mutation. To aid the reader in properly sequencing mutations it presents Hoare Logic and program correctness. In addition, it introduces vectors, vector processing, in-place operations, and circular data. Throughout the whole book complexity analysis and empirical experimentation is used to evaluate solutions. This textbook targets undergraduates at all levels as well as graduate students wishing to learn about program design. It details advanced types of recursion, a disciplined approach to the use of mutation, and illustrates the design process by developing a video game exploiting iterative refinement.

This book focuses on a specialized branch of the vast domain of software engineering: component-based software engineering (CBSE). Component-Based Software Engineering: Methods and Metrics enhances the basic understanding of components by defining categories, characteristics, repository, interaction, complexity, and composition. It divides the research domain of CBSE into three major sub-domains: (1) reusability issues, (2) interaction and integration issues, and (3) testing and reliability issues. This book covers the state-of-the-art literature survey of at least 20 years in the domain of reusability, interaction and integration complexities, and testing and reliability issues of component-based software engineering. The aim of this book is not only to review and analyze the previous works conducted by eminent researchers, academicians, and organizations in the context of CBSE, but also suggests innovative, efficient, and better solutions. A rigorous and critical survey of traditional and advanced paradigms of software engineering is provided in the book. Features: In-interactions and Out-Interactions both are covered to assess the complexity. In the context of CBSE both white-box and black-box testing methods and their metrics are described. This work covers reliability estimation using reusability which is an innovative method. Case studies and real-life software examples are used to explore the problems and their solutions. Students, research scholars, software developers, and software designers or individuals interested in software engineering, especially in component-based software engineering, can refer to this book to understand the concepts from scratch. These measures and metrics can be used to estimate the software before the actual coding commences.

The International Conference on Communications, Management, and Information Technology (ICCMIT'16) provides a discussion forum for scientists, engineers, educators and students about the latest discoveries and realizations in the foundations, theory, models and applications of systems inspired on nature, using computational intelligence methodologies, as well as in emerging areas related to the three tracks of the conference: Communication Engineering, Knowledge, and Information Technology. The best 25 papers to be included in the book will be carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions, then revised and expanded to provide deeper insight into trends shaping future ICT.

This book is the follow-up of the Boost Volume I book and it has been written for software developers who use Boost C++ libraries to create flexible applications. We discuss approximately 20 advanced libraries that can be classified into the following major categories: Mathematics: special functions, statistical distributions, interval arithmetic and matrix algebra. Special data structures: date and time, circular buffer, UUID, dynamic bitsets, pool memory. TCP and UDP portable network programming using the software interface. Interprocess communication and shared memory programming models. Three chapters on graphs, graph algorithms and their implementation in Boost. The focus is hands-on and each library is discussed in detail and numerous working examples are given to get the reader up to speed as soon as possible. Each library is described in a step-by-step fashion and you can use the corresponding code as a basis for more advanced applications. These libraries are the ideal basis for new applications. We shall use them in Volume III of the current series when we discuss applications to engineering, science and computational finance. About the Authors Robert Demming is software designer, developer and trainer and he has been involved with software projects in the areas of optical technology, process control, CAD and order processing systems since 1993. He has a BSc degree in technical computerscience from Amsterdam Hogeschool. Daniel J. Duffy is founder of Datasim Education BV and has been working with C++ and its applications since 1989 and with software development since 1979. He is designer, algorithm builder and trainer. He has a PhD in numerical analysis from Trinity College, Dublin. One of the projects that he is involved in is applying the Boost libraries to computational finance."

Anyone Can Code: The Art and Science of Logical Creativity introduces computer programming as a way of problem-solving through logical thinking. It uses the notion of modularization as a central lens through which we can make sense of many software concepts. This book takes the reader through fundamental concepts in programming by illustrating them in three different and distinct languages: C/C++, Python, and Javascript. Key features: Focuses on problem-solving and algorithmic thinking instead of programming functions, syntax, and libraries; Includes engaging examples, including video games and visual effects; Provides exercises and reflective questions. This book gives beginner and intermediate learners a strong understanding of what they are doing so that they can do it better and with any other tool or language that they may end up using later.

Every enterprise architect faces similar problems when designing and governing the enterprise architecture of a medium to large enterprise. Design patterns are a well-established concept in software engineering, used to define universally applicable solution schemes. By applying this approach to enterprise architectures, recurring problems in the design and implementation of enterprise architectures can be solved over all layers, from the business layer to the application and data layer down to the technology layer. Inversini and Perroud describe patterns at the level of enterprise architecture, which they refer to as Enterprise Architecture Patterns. These patterns are motivated by recurring problems originating from both the business and the underlying application, or from data and technology architectures of an enterprise such as identity and access management or integration needs. The Enterprise Architecture Patterns help in planning the technological and organizational landscape of an enterprise and its information technology, and are easily embedded into frameworks such as TOGAF, Zachman or FEA. This book is aimed at enterprise architects, software architects, project leaders, business consultants and everyone concerned with questions of IT and enterprise architecture and provides them with a comprehensive catalogue of ready-to-use patterns as well as an extensive theoretical framework to define their own new patterns.

This unique text/reference provides a comprehensive review of distributed simulation (DS) from the perspective of Model Driven Engineering (MDE), illustrating how MDE affects the overall lifecycle of the simulation development process. Numerous practical case studies are included to demonstrate the utility and applicability of the methodology, many of which are developed from tools available to download from the public domain. Topics and features: Provides a thorough introduction to the fundamental concepts, principles and processes of modeling and simulation, MDE and high-level architecture Describes a road map for building a DS system in accordance with the MDE perspective, and a technical framework for the development of conceptual models Presents a focus on federate (simulation environment) architectures, detailing a practical approach to the design of federations (i.e., simulation member design) Discusses the main activities related to scenario management in DS, and explores the process of MDE-based implementation, integration and testing Reviews approaches to simulation evolution and modernization, including architecture-driven modernization for simulation modernization Examines the potential synergies between the agent, DS, and MDE methodologies, suggesting avenues for future research at the intersection of these three fields Distributed Simulation - A Model Driven Engineering Approach is an important resource for all researchers and practitioners involved in modeling and simulation, and software engineering, who may be interested in adopting MDE principles when developing complex DS systems.

The first edition of Exercises in Programming Style was honored as an ACM Notable Book and praised as "The best programming book of the decade." This new edition retains the same presentation but has been upgraded to Python 3, and there is a new section on neural network styles. Using a simple computational task (term frequency) to illustrate different programming styles, Exercises in Programming Style helps readers understand the various ways of writing programs and designing systems. It is designed to be used in conjunction with code provided on an online repository. The book complements and explains the raw code in a way that is accessible to anyone who regularly practices the art of programming. The book can also be used in advanced programming courses in computer science and software engineering programs. The book contains 40 different styles for writing the term frequency task. The styles are grouped into ten categories: historical, basic, function composition, objects and object interactions, reflection and metaprogramming, adversity, data-centric, concurrency, interactivity, and neural networks. The author states the constraints in each style and explains the example programs. Each chapter first presents the constraints of the style, next shows an example program, and then gives a detailed explanation of the code. Most chapters also have sections focusing on the use of the style in systems design as well as sections describing the historical context in which the programming style emerged.

Handbook of Neuroevolution Through Erlang presents both the theory behind, and the methodology of, developing a neuroevolutionary-based computational intelligence system using Erlang. With a foreword written by Joe Armstrong, this handbook offers an extensive tutorial for creating a state of the art Topology and Weight Evolving Artificial Neural Network (TWEANN) platform. In a step-by-step format, the reader is guided from a single simulated neuron to a complete system. By following these steps, the reader will be able to use novel technology to build a TWEANN system, which can be applied to Artificial Life simulation, and Forex trading. Because of Erlang's architecture, it perfectly matches that of evolutionary and neurocomptational systems. As a programming language, it is a concurrent, message passing paradigm which allows the developers to make full use of the multi-core & multi-cpu systems. Handbook of Neuroevolution Through Erlang explains how to leverage Erlang's features in the field of machine learning, and the system's real world applications, ranging from algorithmic financial trading to artificial life and robotics.

This volume offers a systematic approach to creating and positioning reusable software components and products. The Domain Analysis methodology described in the book shows how to use commonality and variability analysis in studying the market, co-ordinating with competitors, engineering new products, and minimizing risks. Software engineers and network designers should learn how to analyze and define a "space of variability" on which new products can be based and positioned. Additionally, the book helps readers to understand how software products compare, how to market software reuse products, how to co-ordinate release of a product to profit from a competitor's release and pool groups of users, and how to maximize long-term marketing plans for your product. Real-world case studies illustrate applications of the methodologies described in the book, including "Sherlock", a method that binds domain analysis to market analysis and planning.

In recent decades, the number of satellites being built and launched into Earth's orbit has grown immensely, alongside the field of space engineering itself. This book offers an in-depth guide to engineers and professionals seeking to understand the technologies behind Low Earth Orbit satellites. With access to special spreadsheets that provide the key equations and relationships needed for mastering spacecraft design, this book gives the growing crop of space engineers and professionals the tools and resources they need to prepare their own LEO satellite designs, which is especially useful for designers of small satellites such as those launched by universities. Each chapter breaks down the various mathematics and principles underlying current spacecraft software and hardware designs.

Provides a comprehensive overview and introduction to the concepts, methodologies, analysis, design and applications of metasynthetic computing and engineering. The author: * Presents an overview of complex systems, especially open complex giant systems such as the Internet, complex behavioural and social problems, and actionable knowledge discovery and delivery in the big data era. * Discusses ubiquitous intelligence in complex systems, including human intelligence, domain intelligence, social intelligence, network intelligence, data intelligence and machine intelligence, and their synergy through metasynthetic engineering. * Explains the concept and methodology of human-centred, human-machine-cooperated qualitative-to-quantitative metasynthesis for understanding and managing open complex giant systems, and its computing approach: metasynthetic computing. * Introduces techniques and tools for analysing and designing problem-solving systems for open complex problems and systems. Metasynthetic Computing and Engineering uses the systematology methodology in addressing system complexities in open complex giant systems, for which it may not only be effective to apply reductionism or holism. The book aims to encourage and inspire discussions, design, implementation and reflection of effective methodologies and tools for computing and engineering open complex systems and problems. Researchers, research students and practitioners in complex systems, artificial intelligence, data science, computer science, and even system science, cognitive science, behaviour science, and social science, will find this book invaluable.

Many enterprises are moving their applications and IT services to the cloud. Better risk management results in fewer operational surprises and failures, greater stakeholder confidence and reduced regulatory concerns; proactive risk management maximizes the likelihood that an enterprise's objectives will be achieved, thereby enabling organizational success. This work methodically considers the risks and opportunities that an enterprise taking their applications or services onto the cloud must consider to obtain the cost reductions and service velocity improvements they desire without suffering the consequences of unacceptable user service quality.

Businesses today are faced with a highly competitive market and fast-changing technologies. In order to meet demanding customers' needs, they rely on high quality software. A new field of study, soft computing techniques, is needed to estimate the efforts invested in component-based software. Component-Based Systems: Estimating Efforts Using Soft Computing Techniques is an important resource that uses computer-based models for estimating efforts of software. It provides an overview of component-based software engineering, while addressing uncertainty involved in effort estimation and expert opinions. This book will also instruct the reader how to develop mathematical models. This book is an excellent source of information for students and researchers to learn soft computing models, their applications in software management, and will help software developers, managers, and those in the industry to apply soft computing techniques to estimate efforts.

"I highly recommend Mr. Hobbs' book." - Stephen Thomas, PE, Founder and Editor of FunctionalSafetyEngineer.com Safety-critical devices, whether medical, automotive, or industrial, are increasingly dependent on the correct operation of sophisticated software. Many standards have appeared in the last decade on how such systems should be designed and built. Developers, who previously only had to know how to program devices for their industry, must now understand remarkably esoteric development practices and be prepared to justify their work to external auditors. Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems discusses the development of safety-critical systems under the following standards: IEC 61508; ISO 26262; EN 50128; and IEC 62304. It details the advantages and disadvantages of many architectural and design practices recommended in the standards, ranging from replication and diversification, through anomaly detection to the so-called "safety bag" systems. Reviewing the use of open-source components in safety-critical systems, this book has evolved from a course text used by QNX Software Systems for a training module on building embedded software for safety-critical devices, including medical devices, railway systems, industrial systems, and driver assistance devices in cars. Although the book describes open-source tools for the most part, it also provides enough information for you to seek out commercial vendors if that's the route you decide to pursue. All of the techniques described in this book may be further explored through hundreds of learned articles. In order to provide you with a way in, the author supplies references he has found helpful as a working software developer. Most of these references are available to download for free.