A recent study indicates that 20 million people in the United States have significant sensorineural hearing loss. Approximately 95% of those people have partial losses, with varying degrees of residual hearing. These percentages are similar in other developed countries. What changes in the function of the cochlea or inner ear cause such losses? What does the world sound like to the 19 million people with residual hearing? How should we transform sounds to correct for the hearing loss and maximize restoration of normal hearing? Answers to such questions require detailed models of the way that sounds are processed by the nervous system, both for listeners with normal hearing and for those with sensorineural hearing loss. This book contains chapters describing the work of 25 different research groups. A great deal of research in recent years has been aimed at obtaining a better physiological description of the altered processes that cause sensorineural hearing loss and a better understanding of transformations that occur in the perception of those sounds that are sufficiently intense that they can still be heard. Efforts to understand these changes in function have lead to a better understanding of normal function as well. This research has been based on rigorous mathematical models, computer simulations of mechanical and physiological processes, and signal processing simulations of the altered perceptual experience of listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. This book provides examples of all these approaches to modeling sensorineural hearing loss and a summary of the latest research in the field.

The study of drug effects on behaviour and psychological processes has a long history. Developments in the decade prior to first publication had been based on a more adequate synthesis than hitherto of psychology and pharmacology, and as a result great progress was made in establishing psychopharmacology as an interdisciplinary subject in its own right. Undergraduate courses in departments of psychology and pharmacology were increasingly including some coverage of this material, but there was a paucity of texts suitable at this level at the time. Originally published in 1984, this book was designed to provide broad coverage of psychopharmacology, with the minimum necessary focus on basic pharmacology and with carefully chosen subjects which are still likely to be of interest to psychology undergraduates and in which good empirical work is available for discussion at that level. The emphasis throughout the book is on the needs of psychology students, but the contents will also interest pharmacology students.

Originally published in 1995, this title provides a practical examination of the problems of substance abuse and abuse among persons with chronic mental disorders. Epidemiologic, diagnostic, and treatment issues are examined, as well as the problems of special populations and systems issues. This book will be of interest to practising clinicians in both the mental health and substance abuse treatment sectors.

Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity: Current Status, Consequences and Prevention, Second Edition examines the current childhood obesity epidemic, outlines the consequences of this crisis, and develops strategies to forestall and prevent it. This book provides a thorough investigation of the causes of childhood obesity and, more importantly, offers specific prevention strategies that can be used by medical and mental health professionals, policymakers, community organizers, and individuals. New chapters on BMI and cardiovascular disease, exercise, neurotransmitters, neurocognition, nutrigenomics and combined prevention strategies are included, making this a solid introduction on the childhood obesity crisis. Researchers, practitioners, and advanced students in public health, health policy, and health economics, as well those working in medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, school health, physiology, and neuroscience related to obesity will find this to be a comprehensive resource.

* This is the first book in 30 years to focus specifically on Global Aphasia. it provides: an overview of current evidence base for speech and language therapy in global aphasia. * assessment and therapy ideas specifically tailored to this population including new non-linguistic approaches. * Provides clinical approaches for managing the cognitive difficulties that often co-occur in this population * New ways of assessing functional communication through observation in this hard-to-assess population

Individuals bereaved by the drug- or alcohol-related death of a family member represent a sizeable group worldwide. Families Bereaved by Alcohol or Drugs is the long-awaited result of an important and ambitious research project into the experiences commonly encountered by members of this stigmatized and vulnerable group. Based on focus groups with the practitioners and service personnel who support grieving relatives following the loss of a loved one to alcohol or drugs, as well as interviews with the largest qualitative sample of adults bereaved by substance use that has been reported to date, this much-needed contribution to research on addiction and bereavement identifies four major reasons why grief following this tragic kind of death is particularly difficult. By examining the experiences of a wide range of stakeholders, including practitioners and policymakers in health, social care and the criminal justice system, the research contained within this book underscores the large number of organizations that play a role in the implementation of official procedure following a drug- or alcohol-related death and identifies significant gaps in the system that bereaved individuals must negotiate. Grounded in extensive and rigorous academic research, Families Bereaved by Alcohol or Drugs is essential reading for academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of mental health and addiction, social work and social studies, psychology, family studies and bereavement. The book should also be of interest to anyone with a professional interest in bereavement or substance use.

Children with developmental disabilities inhabit a gray zone: they live and learn under normal conditions in some aspects of their lives, while their "inconvenient brains" present a range of challenges in other school and life contexts. Dr. Martha Bridge Denckla provides parents and educators with general knowledge, research findings, and practical recommendations about a variety of these developmental conditions, including dyslexia, dyscalculia, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, problems with motor coordination, and executive dysfunction. Inspired by her efforts to explain these conditions to parents over 45 years of clinical practice, she provides a science-based understanding of the issues in an accessible format. She uses the science of cognitive and behavioral neurology to help readers understand how the interrelationships of brain, environment, and behavior produce these developmental disorders, and to provide a basis for parenting and education programs based upon understanding how variations in brain development should guide plans for what is taught when to whom. Such developmentally appropriate, evidence-based, differentiated instruction within general education can diminish the demand for separate special education, and will thus serve all kinds of brains, whether "typical" or "inconvenient."

Women Who Drink addresses the growing public health crisis of alcohol use, overuse, and abuse among American women. Although women drink less alcohol than do men, the gender gap is rapidly closing. The question is, what aspects of women's lives have changed such that they drink more alcohol? Author Susan D. Stewart has interviewed over 600 women of all ethnicities and income levels to provide answers to that question. This book also explores the effects of alcohol use by women on their marriage, family, and work, and concludes with a groundbreaking chapter on the future implications if the percentages of women drinking continue to increase.

This] volume provides a unique and advantageous perspective to the trainees and practitioners in the adolescent substance abuse field. It offers a sophisticated perspective on addiction treatment techniques developed in recent years, with a sensitivity to the social and developmental needs of the adolescent.' Marc Galanter, from the Foreword.

Originally published in 1991, the recent developments in the study of phonological disorders in children had led to a fruitful interaction between speech pathology and phonology. It is one aspect of the application of linguistic theory to the study of speech and language disorders which had opened up a new field, clinical linguistics. This book brings together the concerns of the linguist and the speech pathologist; the essays chosen share the quality of not discussing theory or therapy without addressing the implications one has for the other. By concentrating on recent work the editor hoped to stimulate further discussion in this important and fast growing area of research.

For many centuries scientists and philosophers have endeavoured to solve the baffling problem of human language. Originally published in 1949, Dr Stein had been fascinated by this problem and collected an enormous amount of data from past and present ages which, when viewed together, shed light upon the origin, evolution and meaning of human speech. He adheres to the broad concept that the development of the individual is a brief recapitulation of the evolution of the race, and has attempted to apply this principle to the solution of the problem of language. For this purpose, he has delved into the realms of prehistory, history, comparative philology, anatomy, physiology and psychology and has made conjectures from his data as to the prehistoric patterns of human speech. Where direct evidence is lacking he has resorted boldly to analogy and fantasy. The result is an intriguing mosaic which should prove interesting to all those concerned with the promotion of human relations which are, to a great extent, dependent on communication through speech. The work is crowned by the fact that his assumptions were being verified by the promising results obtained in the treatment of speech disorders based upon them at the time.

Originally published in 1987, this book presented new ideas on the treatment of stuttering, by leading authorities within Britain at the time. There are chapters on children and adolescents, as well as on adults. In each chapter the author describes the therapeutic approach, how it fits into general views on the nature of stuttering, the clients for which it is appropriate, and possible methods of evaluation. The book is aimed at speech therapists and psychologists and provided an important up-date of the subject for practitioners.

Originally published in 1963, this title was an attempt to provide a new basis for the discipline of Speech Therapy. This was the first work to be published in England relating speech pathology to the wider study of human communication. It also contains results of original research into the problems of Dyslalia and Stammering. Several chapters are devoted to accounts of diagnostic measures and aids.

In the years prior to publication 'cures' for stuttering seemed to appear constantly, but many were of limited value, were poorly evaluated and gave only a temporary alleviation that was not transferred to daily life. More responsible clinicians produced publications expounding one particular approach to therapy but less was available giving a balanced overview which was of practical help to therapists. Originally published in 1983, this book aimed to provide such an overview, with a focus on practical intervention rather than on theory. The need for careful assessment is particularly stressed and also the need for flexibility in the choice of treatment for any one client. Changes in fluency are looked at in relation to the effects they might have on the person's life as a whole and factors involved in the maintenance of this change are discussed. In addition, adjuncts to speech therapy, such as drugs, hypnosis and various forms of masking are evaluated. Issues of the training of therapists are raised and suggestions made as to the nature of the therapeutic relationship when working with people who stutter.

Now in its second edition, Speech and Language Therapy: the decision-making process when working with children reveals how recent research and changes in health and education services have affected the decision-making process in the assessment and management of children with speech and language problems.

With individual chapters written by experts in their field, this book:

• Illustrates how the decisions made by practitioners may vary within different work settings
• Shows how these decisions may need to be adapted when working with specific client groups
• Explores how such decisions are part of effective evidence-based practice
• Offers an overview of the skills required by the developing professional
• Provides insight into working as a newly qualified therapist in the current job market.

Rigorously underpinned with current research and revised legislation, this is an important textbook for speech and language therapy students, potential students and specialist teachers in training. Speech and Language Therapy: the decision-making process when working with children will also be relevant to newly qualified therapists, therapists returning to the profession, specialist teachers and Special Educational Needs Coordinators.

Originally published in 1942, this title was recognised as setting new standards in the scientific approach to speech problems. Much speech therapy in the past had been unsatisfactory because of its emphasis upon the purely mechanical aspects of the condition, while at the same time the purely psychological approach was not sufficient to lead to satisfactory and radical treatment either. In this title the author combines the two approaches and by setting out the basic pathology of the various conditions, he throws new light upon them. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.

This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology.

Dysphagia is a complex condition that can have significant social, developmental and psychological effects. Alongside the physiology and pathophysiology of the condition, dysphagia can rob patients of the most basic pleasures, such as eating and drinking, causing ongoing difficulties for individuals in social situations throughout the lifespan. As an acknowledged component of evidence-based practice, the humble case report encourages clinical reflection and may be the spark that generates new thinking and motivation for future research. Clinical Cases in Dysphagia provides an opportunity to gain insight into the unique and varied presentation and management of dysphagia across a range of different conditions. With chapters provided by expert clinicians and based on clinical examples 'from the trenches', the reader may gain insights into their own practice patterns, refining their clinical problem solving and valuing the education that is offered to each of us by our patients. With additional online resources to support the case-based approach, the book emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care and reflects everyday clinical practice, making it a must-read for clinicians and students.

This book aims at presenting biologists and clinicians with a compact description of the physiological manifestations of sleep that are significant from the viewpoint of the principle of homeostasis. In the jargon of the physiological literature, the word "homeostasis", introduced by W.B. Cannon (1926), refers to the existence of a constant state of extracellular body fluids with regard to their physical and chemical properties. Since normal cell function depends on the constancy of such fluids, in multicellular animals there are many regulatory mechanisms under the control of the central nervous system that act to maintain the constancy of the internal environment.The experimental study of homeostasis in wakefulness already revealed the nature and complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Many of these regulatory mechanisms trigger compensatory changes according to the principle of negative feedback. In contrast, the control of homeostasis across sleep states is still an issue under debate concerning its physiological persistence and significance. The author's aim is to find the specific mechanistic proofs of the actual consistency or inconsistency of the principle in different states of sleep. In this respect, there are several interacting physiological functions that ought to be examined across the sleep states. The selection of the most significant experimental data is carried out with a view to present a simple but not simplistic approach to the issue.The book brings forth the evidence that the systemic homeostatic regulation of many physiological variables underlying cellular life is not active in a particular state of the ultradian sleep cycle in mammals. It also shows the theoretical and functional importance of the principle of homeostasis, as a criterion of the systemic characterisation of the integrative control of physiological functions by the central nervous system during sleep in mammals.

Originally published in 1980, recent research had produced new insights into how, at the biochemical level, alcohol and other drugs of abuse can impair metabolic and neuropsychiatric functions. Epidemiological studies were also demonstrating that even moderate drinking or drug abuse can produce significant brain damage. This book draws together the latest biochemical, physiological and clinical research on these topics at the time. The initial chapters discuss how alcohol can interfere with various functions: the adaptability of metabolic processes as governed by the ability of the liver to synthesise new enzymes, cell membrane transport, nervous transmission and the transport of nutrients into the brain. It is suggested that opiates, and possibly alcohol, may affect the endorphin system by blocking the uptake of specific amino acids. The second half of the book reports clinical investigations using biochemical studies, psychological tests, EEG investigations and Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) scanning. It gives the first report of a long-term study by Lishman and co-workers using an improved tomography technique to assess brain damage in alcoholics. These studies give convincing evidence that heavy drinking, even at socially-acceptable levels, can cause serious brain damage in vulnerable people.

Written for a broad audience of medical and behavioral healthcare professionals, The Definitive Guide to Addiction Interventions: A Collective Strategy introduces clinicians to best practices in addiction interventions and bridges the gap between the theory and practice of successful intervention. Synthesizing decades of fieldwork, Louise Stanger explores the framework for successful invitations to change, what they look like in action, and how to adjust approach by population, and Lee Weber serves as editor. The authors summarize and compare intervention models in use today and explain the use of family mapping and individual portraiture as clinical tools. The text also teaches clinicians to troubleshoot common situations as they help move clients toward positive life decisions. Practical, ready-to-use clinical tools follow the text in downloadable worksheet form.

This is an insightful and essential new volume for academics and professionals interested in the lived experience of those who struggle with disordered eating. Embodiment and Eating Disorders situates the complicated - and increasingly prevalent - topic of disordered eating at the crossroads of many academic disciplines, articulating a notion of embodied selfhood that rejects the separation of mind and body and calls for a feminist, existential, and sociopolitically aware approach to eating disorder treatment. Experts from a variety of backgrounds and specializations examine theories of embodiment, current empirical research, and practical examples and strategies for prevention and treatment.

Comprehensive in scope and meticulously researched, Handbook of Obesity Prevention analyzes the intricate causes of this public health crisis, and sets out concrete, multilevel strategies for meeting it head-on. This innovative handbook starts by clearly defining obesity in clinical, epidemiologic, and financial terms. From there, expert contributors provide insights on current issues, methods, and controversies in the field, focusing on new opportunities for prevention, successful interventions and initiatives, and guidelines for planning and implementing programs and evaluating results. This systematic approach to large-scale social and policy change gives all parties involveda "from individual practitioners to multinational corporationsa "the tools to set and attain realistic goals based on solid evidence and best practice in public health.

A sample of topics covered:

• The individual: risk factors and prevention across the lifespan, specific populations (pregnant women, ethnic and regional groups).
• Levers for change in schools and workplaces.
• Prevention in health care systems: roles and resources.
• Community settings: role of the physical environment.
• "De-marketing" obesity: food industries and the media.
• Grassroots action: consumers and communities.
• The global obesity epidemic: rapid developments, potential solutions.
• From obesity prevention to health promotion: the future of the field.

Its level of detail and wide range of topics make the Handbook of Obesity Prevention a bedrock sourcebook, overview, reference, orteaching text. Read by topic or cover to cover, here is accurate, up-to-date information for professionals and students in all areas of public health.

This book provides an up to date review on antimicrobials dosing in obese patients, including practice recommendations for clinical use. The book is written by a group of doctors and pharmacists working in infectious diseases practice and research. The introductory chapter outlines the important physiological changes in obesity including factors affecting the dosing of antimicrobials in obese patients. The introductory chapter is followed by ten chapters covering the major classes of antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals. Each chapter briefly discusses the pharmacokinetics changes related to obesity and a summary of the relevant up-to-date literature. Specific dosing recommendations are provided for each class supplemented by real-life examples as clinical cases that are included as an appendix to the book. The book is a useful resource for clinicians, students and researchers needing up-to-date information on antimicrobial dosing in obese patients. Doctors, pharmacists, nurses working in hospital settings, and students of health courses (medical, pharmacy and nursing students) will find this book particularly useful.

Intended as a practical approach to helping children who have spoken language difficulties because of general language delay or specific language impairment, this book contains ideas and activity sheets as well as structured guidance. Areas of language difficulty are identified, activities are suggested to meet these language needs and all this is supported by a developmental framework.
This book also provides advice on classroom management and grouping, in addition to a bank of individual targets for IEPs which are linked to the activities and strategies suggested within the book.
Suitable for non-specialists and specialists alike, many professionals find this book to be an invaluable resource, including mainstream teachers, teaching assistants, speech and language therapists working in schools, SENCOs, nursery nurses and special school teachers.