Research in language processing and language impairment has focused extensively on elements of linguistic representation that are accessed and retrieved in comprehension, repetition and production of words and sentences. These studies have provided important information about the effects of characteristics of words (e.g., frequency, imageability) and sentences (e.g., syntactic and semantic argument structure) on language processing. A smaller but nonetheless rapidly growing body of research has been directed to understanding those cognitive processes that mediate access, maintenance and retrieval of those representations. The papers in this book focus on theoretical accounts of the role of short-term memory and working memory in language processing as well as clinical applications that reflect a focus on these mechanisms of cognitive support to language processing. Each paper provides a theoretical perspective on or clinical application of the most current empirical evidence regarding the role of cognitive processes in relation to language processing. Also common to each paper is an acknowledgement of the need for additional theoretical and clinical research in this area. Although in its relative infancy, research addressing relations between language and other cognitive processes is integral for advancing our understanding of the dynamic nature of language impairment in aphasia and also for directly informing its treatment. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Aphasiology.

While keeping the scope and essential thrust of the original book unchanged, this third edition has been updated to reflect the latest technology. For instance, important revisions have been made to a few chapters, while one chapter has been eliminated and replaced with a newer chapter dealing with recent developments in digital and consumer electronics that are relevant to laboratory instrumentation. The authors hope the readers of this text will be more confident with instrumentation and more willing to experiment with it, as well as be able to appreciate the possible ways that electronic instrumentation can be used in their work.
The book was written with the undergraduate in speech and hearing sciences uppermost in mind. Instead of detailed information about individual pieces of instrumentation, a more basic and broad descriptive approach has been used. Throughout, examples have been provided regarding how certain pieces of equipment can be used in the clinic or laboratory. One or more step-by-step exercises are included at the end of certain chapters to help students obtain hands-on experience and equipment flowcharts help reinforce the exercise. Students who complete this book will have a basic understanding of the major pieces of instrumentation in the hearing and speech clinic/laboratory.

This invaluable resource comprises a set of six 'Pip and Bunny' picture books with accompanying professional guide and downloadable online content; all carefully written and illustrated to support language and emotional development through reading. By inspiring conversation and fueling the young reader's imagination the books promote emotional and social literacy. Designed for use within the Early Years setting or at home, each story explores different areas of social and emotional development. The full set includes: Six beautifully illustrated picture books with text and vocabulary for each A handbook designed to guide the parent or practitioner in using the books effectively 'Talking points' relating to the child's own world 'What's the word?' picture pages to be photocopied, downloaded or printed Detailed suggestions as to how to link with other EYFS areas of learning The set is designed to be used in both individual and group settings, and at various stages of a child's development. It will be a valuable resource for teachers, SENCOs, Early Years workers, EOTAs, Educational Psychologists, counsellors and therapists.

Each Scoring Book is a complete set of score sheets for the Comprehensive Aphasia Test bound together in a convenient booklet with intuitive layout for scoring of each sub-test. Front page features a client information sheet for easy filing, whilst a master page allows for recording re-test scores in the same place for easy comparison. Scoring Books are supplied in packs of ten. The Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) is a test for people who have acquired aphasia and can be completed over one or two assessment sessions. The test includes a user manual, a ring-bound cognitive screen and language battery a scoring booklet, and - new to this release - a concise Aphasia Impact Questionnaire which replaces the former Disability Questionnaire. The cognitive section assesses people's abilities across a range of task that can affect rehabilitation. Forming the main body of the test, the language battery provides a profile of performance across all modalities of language production and comprehension. The Aphasia Impact Questionnaire was co-produced with people with aphasia. It is a pictorial Patient Reported Outcome Measure, which produces both qualitative and quantitative information. It supports the person with aphasia to give a subjective rating of how language difficulties identified in the Language Battery affect their daily life, enabling first steps towards goal setting. In addition, the CAT helps the therapist to track changes over the course of recovery and provides a guide to likely outcomes on the basis of an early assessment. It is supported by normative data on people both with and without aphasia, and extensive data on reliability and clinical validity. The CAT allows users to: * Identify underlying impairments * Find where to focus assessments using PALPA and other batteries * Ascertain the practical, psychological, and social impact of aphasia, from the perceptive of the person with aphasia * Create a profile of strengths and weaknesses to guide therapy. Structured around fully up-to-date models of language processing from cognitive neuropsychology this test is an indispensable resource for speech and language therapists and researchers. It provides as much information about people's language ability as possible in a relatively brief test designed to be completed in 90-120 minutes.

The third edition of Cognitive Communication Disorders remains a vital resource for graduate courses that address cognitively based communication disorders. Students, instructors, and clinicians will benefit from the text's comprehensive discussion of cognitive processes and deficits, including attention, memory, executive functions, right hemisphere brain damage, dementia, combat-related mild traumatic brain injury, and traumatic brain injury and the impact that deficits in these cognitive domains may have on language and communication. New to the Third Edition A new chapter covering Primary Progressive Aphasia An expanded chapter on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) addressing concussion related communication disorders Updated and expanded information on assessment of disordered cognitive processes Case studies to illustrate principles of clinical management of cognitive communication disorders. Access to a PluralPlus Companion Website with PowerPoint lecture slides for each chapter Through contributions from a renowned group of contributors, this text provides a comprehensive review of theoretical and applied research on cognitive communication disorders. The renowned contributors include Margaret Lehman Blake, Carole R. Roth, Fofi Constantinidou, Heather Dial, Maya Henry, Jessica Brown, Kathryn Hardin, Nidhi Mahendra, Mary H. Purdy, Sarah E. Wallace, and Sarah N. Villard.

Tele-AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Through Telepractice is the first comprehensive resource guide to Tele-AAC. Tele-AAC is the use of telepractice specifically for providing services to individuals using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This text establishes Tele-AAC as a new service delivery model and promotes safe, efficacious, evidence-based, and ethical telepractice for patients who need AAC devices. The goal is to provide readers with fundamental information about policy and service delivery of AAC services via telepractice to enable clinical practice. The text details the specific technical components unique to Tele-AAC service delivery, and how the technology, personnel, and service delivery practices may vary across settings and populations. It offers didactic and case-based content for speech-language pathologists across all levels, from introductory to advanced. Chapters are included that clarify and define the term Tele-AAC, highlight the procedures used while providing assessment and intervention via Tele-AAC, identify ethical and cultural considerations while providing Tele-AAC, and demonstrate its application in a variety of settings. The content has been enriched by the input and knowledge offered by leaders from both telepractice and AAC disciplines, and offers readers the right combination of foundational information and principles to help form a base of understanding for practitioners engaging in Tele-AAC. The field of Tele-AAC is evolving and will transform as the technology changes and advances. This text provides a threshold of understanding from which the field and practitioners can grow.

Speech and language impairment can have a huge impact on cognitive development. Identifying what is going wrong and what effective intervention looks like can be daunting. Short of retraining you as a speech and language therapist, this thorough guide will give you everything you need to change that. An essential resource, the book contains a wide variety of online resources, including phonological and sound awareness documents, assessment tools, and recording forms that can be downloaded straight to your device, providing excellent materials and activities to use in the classroom. Written by speech and language therapists and designed exclusively for Early Years practitioners, this book provides a complete overview of how children acquire language and what language impairments look like at this age. You will find both strategic and practical advice on how to manage and encourage the development of speech and language skills. Creating the optimum communication environment for every child in your setting is an important part of what the book offers. Equally, practitioners are supported to be able to recognise the features of specific language difficulties such as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and feel confident to intervene when children are struggling.

This book is one of a series whose primary aim is to inform the professional speech and language clinicians and their colleagues in the caring professions. The starting point for this series was a systematic review of those topics in human communication which are essential to the development of effective treatment programmes and effective clinicians. This collection of essays is designed to present the speech student and language clinician with an integrated introduction to contemporary thought and practice in the science of speech and language pathology and intervention. It aims to provide a broad coverage of the basic issues in the field written by specialized authors from both sides of the Atlantic.

Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders, Second Edition is a comprehensive textbook primarily designed for undergraduate neural bases or graduate neuroscience courses in communication sciences and disorders programs (CSD). The text can also be used as an accessible go-to reference for speech-language pathology and audiology clinical professionals practicing in medical and rehab settings. Written with an engaging and conversational style, the author uses humor and analogies to explain concepts that are often challenging for students. Complemented by more than 400 visually rich and beautifully drawn full-color illustrations, the book emphasizes brain and behavior relationships while also ensuring coverage of essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in an integrative fashion. With a comprehensive background in the principles, processes, and structures underlying the workings of the human nervous system, students and practitioners alike, will be able to better understand and apply brain-behavior relationships to make appropriate clinical assessments and treatment decisions.

A renowned team of experts presents a thorough introduction to aural rehabilitation across the lifespan. Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation provides a cohesive introduction to the basics of audiologic rehabilitation in an easy-to-read style that resonates with undergraduate students. Highly regarded as experts in the field, the authors introduce the fundamentals, present the important methods and procedures, and include two case study chapters that address the rehabilitation needs of both children and adults. They examine the changing state of audiology through coverage of important contemporary issues such as professional documents, evidence-based practice, multicultural issues, and advances in computer and web-based rehabilitation activities. Based on a proven model framed within the concepts of the World Health Organization, this book helps students prepare to provide high-quality, state-of-the-art services to clients of any age. The Seventh Edition features an enhanced focus on cochlear implants in Chapter 3 and revised discussions of vestibular and tinnitus treatments. New chapter learning outcomes, supplementary learning activities, references, and recommended websites keep readers focused and engaged with the material.

Here's How to Treat Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Third Edition offers clinicians and students of speech-language pathology (SLP) a comprehensive look at the assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). This book helps guide the SLP on which assessment tasks will provide the information needed to make a confident diagnosis of CAS at different stages of development, as well as best practices for treatment of CAS. The authors take a deep dive into application of evidence-based treatment strategies for children with CAS, and move beyond theoretical ideas to provide recommendations of specific activities to facilitate improved speech praxis in children across age groups, making this book extremely informative and practical. This latest edition maintains the original intention of the prior editions - to provide clinicians and students with a holistic look at the complex needs of children with CAS and to offer practical ideas for evaluation and treatment. The amount of new research over the past several years has been substantial. Fortunately for the readers, Here's How to Treat Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Third Edition summarizes the most current research regarding the nature of CAS, best practices in evaluation, and effective treatment strategies to give clinicians greater confidence in working with children with this complex speech disorder.

This book contains contributions from eminent clinicians and researchers in the field of language impairment, and crosses the bridge between children and adults. It reflects the developments that have taken place in Speech and Language Therapy over the past 10 years and focuses on issues in SLT that have recently come into ascendancy. These include: personal and social consequences of language disability, and how to measure these; the evidence base for speech and language therapy interventions; language processing and the interplay between language and cognition; and the degree to which impairments in one affect the other. There is a growing concern about the needs of adolescents who have language difficulties - a group who, by their age, development and experience straddle the child/adult divide. It extends the themes by looking at future implications and sets out the challenges ahead for the speech and language therapy profession.

Stuttering and Cluttering provides a clear, accessible and wide-ranging overview of both the theoretical and clinical aspects of two disorders of fluency: stuttering and cluttering. This edition remains loyal to the idea that stuttering and cluttering can best be understood by first considering various overarching frameworks which can then be expanded upon, and provides a clear position from which to disentangle the often complex interrelationships of these frameworks. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which mainly deals with theory and aetiology, while the second focuses on clinical aspects of assessment, diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides frequent references across Parts I and II to help link the various areas of investigation together. This revised edition of Stuttering and Cluttering reflects the major changes in thinking regarding both theory and therapy that have taken place since the publication of the first edition. As well as those who stutter and clutter, the book will be invaluable for speech language therapy/speech language pathology students, practicing clinicians, psychologists and linguists around the world.

Introduction to Language Development, Third Edition offers a highly accessible overview to the complexities of language development. The textbook is designed for use in language acquisition courses in undergraduate and graduate speech-language pathology programs to facilitate both teaching and learning. Complex terminology and theories are explained through definitions and examples to ensure that students are able to easily grasp the content. Within the third edition of this text, students are presented with language factors-syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology, and pragmatics-as well as the cognitive abilities that underlie language development. Multilingual and multicultural differences are explored throughout.

Note: This is the bound book only and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with a bound book, use ISBN 0134509684. Early Language Intervention by Robert Owens is a comprehensive text on assessment and intervention with both verbal and nonverbal communication of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Informative and authoritative, it offers practical guidelines for functional methods that highlight language use within the daily routines of the home and classroom. Designed as an undergraduate-level text for communication disorders students, it covers assessment an intervention of both verbal and nonverbal communication, including augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), with young children who need support in learning to communicate. Also included are valuable resources, tables, and materials particularly useful for clinicians in practice. Improve mastery and retention with the Enhanced Pearson eText* The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content. The Enhanced Pearson eText is: Engaging. The new interactive, multimedia learning features were developed by the authors and other subject-matter experts to deepen and enrich the learning experience. Convenient. Enjoy instant online access from your computer or download the Pearson eText App to read on or offline on your iPad (R) and Android (R) tablet.* Affordable. Experience the advantages of the Enhanced Pearson eText along with all the benefits of print for 40% to 50% less than a print bound book. *The Enhanced eText features are only available in the Pearson eText format. They are not available in third-party eTexts or downloads. *The Pearson eText App is available on Google Play and in the App Store. It requires Android OS 3.1-4, a 7" or 10" tablet, or iPad iOS 5.0 or later.

Hearing Science Fundamentals, Second Edition maintains the straightforward style of the previous edition, introducing the basic concepts in hearing science in an easy-to-understand format. With a wide variety of student-friendly features and instructor resources, this comprehensive textbook facilitates the absorption of technical material by both undergraduate and graduate students. The text is divided into four clear sections to cover everything from the physics of sound to the anatomy and physiology of the auditory pathway and beyond. The textbook begins by delving into the basics of acoustics and digital signal processing (DSP). In the next section, readers will find full coverage of the basic anatomy and physiology of the auditory mechanism. The third section contains eight chapters on psychoacoustics and how sound is perceived via the auditory pathways. The book wraps up with a brand-new section devoted to pathologies of the auditory mechanisms. New to the Second Edition New coauthor, Jeremy J. Donai, AuD, PhD, brings his extensive clinical and research experience to the concepts discussed Nine new chapters, including: Review of Speech Acoustics (Chapter 2) Digital Signal Processing (Chapter 3) Binaural Processing (Chapter 8) Temporal Processing (Chapter 10) Signal Detection Theory (Chapter 13) Auditory Perception and Hearing Impairment (Chapter 14) Clinical Notes intended to bridge the gap from classroom to hearing clinic have been added throughout the text Vocabulary Checks throughout all the chapters Evidence-based information incorporated throughout the text Updated Recommended Readings list Ancillary materials accessible on a PluralPlus companion website: a sample syllabus, test bank, and PowerPoint lecture slides for instructors, and practice quizzes, word-building and anatomy-labelling exercises, audio examples, and overview lecture videos for students

Dyslexia is a reading disability in which speed and accuracy in word decoding is impaired. It is usually accompanied by spelling and/or arithmetic difficulties. This book discusses the perspectives, challenges and treatment options available for dyslexia. Chapter One reviews dyslexia from its definition and neurobiological basis to the neurophysiology and central auditory processes. Chapter Two examines how dyslexia affects perception of academic performance in elementary school pupils and how it affects their sociometric position in the classroom. Chapter Three reviews dyslexia from an educological perspective. Chapter Four investigates the views of parents of pupils with dyslexia concerning their collaboration with teachers. Chapter Five describes and compares the response of parents and teachers of Brazilian and Italian Dyslexics students about learning skills. Chapter Six outlines the key findings from the Dyslexia and Multilingualism project (Mortimore et al, 2012) focusing on the challenges and lessons learnt from a research project on a literacy intervention for vulnerable learners with English as an additional language in English primary schools. It also focuses on issues relating to screening processes and assessments used for identifying SpLD/dyslexia within complex multilingual schools. Chapter Seven investigates whether Brazilian students with developmental dyslexia could be classified according with subtypes. Chapter Eight discusses new assessment trends and challenges for the future of dyslexia. Chapter Nine examines complexities and challenges of selecting participants for dyslexia studies. Chapter Ten discusses the use of childrens literature as a resource tool to help such children address their psychosocial-emotional needs. Chapter Eleven discusses diagnostic interventions by operationalising the definition of dyslexia. Chapter Twelve describes the development of the neuropsychological rehabilitation program in executive functions for students with dyslexia. Chapter Thirteen examines the integration of proprioceptive signals, postural control and dyslexia. Chapter Fourteen provides a few remarks on magnocellular responses and brief stimuli. The final chapter provides a synthesis of research concerning the socio-emotional dimension of Dyslexia in adulthood.

Get the tools you need to evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients with neurogenic communication disorders! Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders, 8th Edition provides a solid foundation in the neurology of communication, as well as the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, assessment, and management of commonly encountered neurogenic communication disorders in adults. A concise, evidence-based approach shows how to measure and treat abnormalities such as aphasia, dysarthria, right-hemisphere syndrome, and traumatic brain injury syndrome. This edition is updated with new coverage of laboratory tests, blast-related injuries to the head, and medications for dementia. Created by neurogenic communication disorders educator Robert H. Brookshire and continued by Malcolm R. McNeil, this bestselling text will enhance your skills in the rehabilitation of clients with neurogenic communication disorders. A clear, concise approach makes complex material easy to follow and understand. Clinical vignettes show how to apply principles to practice and illustrate how patients are evaluated and treated. Thought questions at the end of each chapter are based on realistic scenarios and challenge you to assess your understanding, think critically, and apply information to clinical situations. Suggested answers are included in the appendix. Clinically relevant sidebars include related facts, information, and tips for recall or therapy. More than 200 photographs and images include anatomic illustrations, scans using various brain imaging techniques, and examples of assessment tests. Evidence-based practice is reinforced by the use of scientific, evidence-based rationales to support the effectiveness of treatment approaches. Student-friendly features enhance learning with chapter outlines, critical thinking exercises, medical protocols, sample paperwork, patient transcripts, commonly used medical abbreviations, and a glossary with definitions of key vocabulary. General Concepts summary points highlight the most important material in each chapter. NEW content on closed-head injuries as a consequence of blast injury is included in the Traumatic Brain Injury chapter, addressing a pathophysiology often found in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. UPDATED content includes new information on medications for treatment of persons with dementia, the latest laboratory tests for neurologic assessment, and the most current cognitive rehabilitation approaches. NEW! More Thought questions in each chapter help you apply concepts to clinical situations. Additional content on evidence-based practice includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses relating to the efficacy and effectiveness of specific treatment approaches. Additional graphics, clinical photographs, and tables depict key information and concepts.

For nearly 20 years, Survey of Audiology: Fundamentals for Audiologists and Health Professionals has provided both the breadth of an introductory survey of audiology and the depth of a detailed textbook. Inside, Drs. David DeBonis and Constance Donohue have combined their years of work in clinical settings and their experience teaching audiology into a textbook intended to give students all the knowledge they'll need in the most accessible and comprehensible format. In this Third Edition, updates have been made to include the latest information on the most current topics in audiology, including cognition and hearing loss, pharmacology, central auditory processing disorders, wireless technology, hearing aid accessibility, tinnitus, genetics and biotechnology, and noise exposure. New and updated inside the Third Edition: Ethical considerations for audiologists Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) Auditory processing disorders Tinnitus Evidence-based genetic counseling The latest hearing aid technology How to critically review evidence in literature and studies With its extensive glossary, numerous case examples, chapter abstracts, learning objectives, and questions for discussion, Survey of Audiology is designed to support learning and reinforce key points in every way. The text also works to integrate the humanistic aspects of audiology with the scientific ones into holistic discussions of assessment and intervention. Through this approach, students will learn to always remember that there is a person behind each set of symptoms. Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional material to be used for teaching in the classroom, such as PowerPoints and an instructor's manual which includes test questions, sample course syllabi, and suggestions for classroom activities. While aspiring audiologists will appreciate the depth of Survey of Audiology: Fundamentals for Audiologists and Health Professionals, Third Edition, students of speech-language pathology and other health professions looking for a crash course in audiology will benefit from its readability and wide scope.

As with the actual practices of speech-language pathologists and audiologists, clinical education and supervision practices work best when they are grounded not only in concept and theory but also in research. Designed to act as a complete guide to both the theory and the research, The Clinical Education and Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology provides the most up-to-date information on these crucial topics. Following in the footsteps of their mentor, Jean Anderson, Drs. Elizabeth McCrea and Judith Brasseur have taken on the task of assembling important current research and best practices in clinical education and supervision into one comprehensive resource. With their prestigious team of contributing authors, this text represents the culmination of decades of study and real-world best practices. The Clinical Education and Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology covers clinical education and supervision across five unique constituent groups: clinical educators of graduate students, preceptors of audiology externs, mentors of clinical fellows, supervisors of support personnel, and supervisors of professionals transitioning between work settings. It also includes the latest information on certification and accreditation requirements for preparation in supervision. Topics include - Foundations: Anderson's Continuum of Supervision - Components of the Process - Expectations for Supervision - Practical Research in Supervision - Literature from other Disciplines - Obtaining Feedback About the Supervisory Process - The Ethics of Clinical Education and Supervision - Supervisor Self-Study and Accountability - Interprofessional Education and Practice in Clinical Education and Supervision Chapter appendices add numerous ancillary materials, allowing readers to easily adopt the most successful processes and strategies the research has revealed. Sample scripts of supervisory conferences, self-assessment tools, action plan tools, and analysis systems can all be found inside. The Clinical Education and Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology is intended as a primary resource for anyone in those professions in any setting who is engaged in the process of clinical education and supervision. With this text as their guide, clinical educators and supervisors will be able to ground their practices in the vast compiled research and study contained within.

Despite an increasing awareness of Developmental Language Disorder, there are very few tools available to help people understand and live with a diagnosis of DLD. DLD and Me is a functional, engaging resource for children and young people with DLD and the professionals and families that work with them. The book consists of an easy-to-follow, 12-week programme designed to help children and young people understand their strengths, what makes them different, what DLD is and how they can support their own communication in everyday life. Key features include: clearly worded session plans for therapists or education staff to follow; engaging visual resources to accompany the session plans, each available to photocopy and download; home sheets to keep families involved and informed; information sheets and training plans for parents and education staff; outcome measures to evaluate progress. This invaluable tool has been designed to be used by Speech and Language Therapists, teachers and other professionals or parents working with children and young people with DLD.

Communicating Trauma explores the various aspects of language and communication and how their development can be affected by childhood trauma and overwhelm. Multiple case-study vignettes describe how different kinds of childhood trauma can manifest in children's ability to relate, attend, learn, and communicate. These examples offer ways to understand, respond, and support children who are communicating overwhelm. In this book, psychotherapists, speech-language pathologists, social workers, educators, occupational and physical therapists, medical personnel, foster parents, adoption agencies, and other child professionals and caregivers will find information and practical direction for improving connection and behavior, reducing miscommunication, and giving a voice to those who are often our most challenging children.

The use of language is a fundamental component of much of our day-to-day life. Language often co-occurs with other activities with which it must be coordinated. This raises the question of whether the cognitive processes involved in planning spoken utterances and in understanding them are autonomous or whether they are affected by, and perhaps affect, non-linguistic cognitive processes, with which they might share processing resources. This question is the central concern of Automaticity and Control in Language Processing. The chapters address key issues concerning the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic processes, including: How can the degree of automaticity of a component be defined? Which linguistic processes are truly automatic, and which require processing capacity? Through which mechanisms can control processes affect linguistic performance? How might these mechanisms be represented in the brain? How do limitations in working memory and executive control capacity affect linguistic performance and language re-learning in persons with brain damage? This important collection from leading international researchers will be of great interest to researchers and students in the area.

Written for speech therapists and doctors, this book gives a precise, practical summary of anthroposophical therapeutic speech. Speech formation, or creative speech, is based on the ancient art of recitation and drama, and was revived and fundamentally redeveloped by Rudolf and Marie Steiner in the early 1920s. The therapeutic work is based on speech exercises and indications on how to use them, which were given by Rudolf Steiner.

Though working with people with learning difficulties has become an increasingly important speciality for the speech therapist, much of the rationale for this work has yet to be established. Practitioners are still evaluating their role in working with the learning disabled, and are trying to develop appropriate models of assessment and intervention.

This book is intended to aid speech therapists in this task by providing ideas based on an ideology in keeping with the current trends in services to people with learning difficulties. After critically examining existing methods, the authors draw on their combined experience in linguistics and ethnography to provide a rationale and operational guidelines to deal with assessment, intervention, establishing criteria for entry to and exit from therapy, developing shared perspectives and manipulating the environment in order to facilitate communications in context.

The concluding part of the book looks at service provision in health, education, social services and private establishments, suggesting ways in which speech therapists may best utilize their skills and time in these settings.