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Books > Business & Economics > Finance & accounting > Finance > Public finance > Taxation
This classic book tells the story of the development of Income Tax
from its beginning in 1799 to the present day and relates it to the
social, economic and political history of the period. There have
been studies of Income Tax at various stages in its growth; studies
of finance and taxation in general in which Income Tax has been
closely concerned; studies too of some of the Chancellors of the
Exchequer who have made significant contributions to the Income Tax
system; but this is the first time an attempt has been made to
encompass the whole 160 years or so of its life in one volume. And
a fascinating story it is too when set in perspective. The author
shows how Income Tax was introduced to finance the Napoleonic Wars,
how it was revived by Peel to pay for Free Trade, and how it
underwrote Victorian prosperity and confidence. He then describes
its immense expansion through two World Wars to its present
position as a dominant feature of British finance. This book was
first published in 1966.
International taxation is a major research topic, and for a field
of research at the intersection of so many disciplines there has
been surprisingly little done across disciplinary boundaries. This
book fills the gap by combining teams from business, economics,
information science, law and political science to offer a unique
and innovative approach to the issue of international tax
coordination. All the chapters are written in collaboration between
at least two authors from two different disciplines. This approach
offers a rich and nuanced understanding of the many issues of
international tax coordination. The book collects seven papers,
each one a valuable contribution in itself, beginning with current
problems of international taxation and finishing with potential
solutions. The essays explore current EU legislation, tax avoidance
and tax fraud, as well as double tax agreements, dividend
repatriation and hybrid finance and tax planning. Providing
methodological answers to the question of how to conduct
interdisciplinary research, the book also gives an accessible
introduction into research questions and answers that are important
in related disciplines for scholars in various areas. This book
will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers in the fields
of economics, business, informational science, law and political
science, as well as to professional accountants and tax lawyers.
Over the last several decades, there has been a growing interest
in theoretical, empirical, and experimental work on all aspects of
tax compliance and tax evasion. The essays in this volume summarize
the existing state of knowledge of tax compliance and tax evasion,
present new thinking about this issue, and analyze the empirical
relevance of these new perspectives. The original essays in this
volume represent an attempt to provide a framework on compliance
that moves beyond the economics-of-crime perspective, one that
provides a more complete understanding of individual (and group)
decisions, and one that is more consistent with empirical
evidence.
It is the insights of behavioural economics that provide much of
the bases for these essays and the main theme running through this
book is that the basic model of individual choice must be expanded,
by introducing some aspects of behaviour or motivation considered
explicitly by other social sciences.
What constitutes a good life? For most people, well-being involves
more than a high income or material prosperity alone. Many
non-material aspects, such as health, family life, living
environment, job quality and the meaningful use of time are at
least as important. Together, these factors also influence the
degree to which people are satisfied with their lives, and help to
determine how happy they feel. This book argues that happiness and
life satisfaction do not form a good basis for measuring
well-being, and proposes an alternative method that not only
considers the various aspects of well-being, but also the fact that
people have their own views on what is important in life. Not
limited just to theory, the book also presents a large-scale,
representative survey involving more than 3000 adults from over
2000 Belgian families, which charted the various aspects of the
individual well-being of Belgians. Focusing on the unequal
distribution of these various aspects of well-being within
families, the survey showed that some Belgians are more likely to
suffer from cumulative deprivation in multiple dimensions. Based on
this innovative study, the book describes which people in society
are worst off - and these are not necessarily only people on low
incomes or those who feel unhappy - and proposes that policymakers
prioritise these individuals.
This volume contains a stimulating collection of analytical
studies focusing on taxation in Mozambique. It tells a compelling
story about tax systems in a low income economy increasingly
integrated into the world trading system, but very much dependent
on foreign trade taxes and international development
assistance.
Key issues covered include:
- A better understanding of the historical background of tax
reforms in a representative African economy (Mozambique) along with
an assessment of taxation performance in a comparative
perspective.
- Insights into the practice and implications of tax policy, both
from the perspective of the consumer and the firm level.
- Discussion of the existing institutional set up in which tax
policy and its enforcement operate and analyses of current tax
practices.
- Taxation themes at the border and at domestic level, which are
typical for low-income economies, characterized by a high degree of
reliance on foreign trade taxes.
This volume is meant as a guide for developing country
government officials and professional aid practitioners as well as
academics, researchers and tax policy analysts working in the
development field. It will also be of interest to students of
development with a special interest in public finance issues in
poor countries and how to improve policy-effectiveness, including
tax policy, in a developing country setting.
'This is one of those rare technical books which has an importance
outside its own field' The Daily Telegraph.
'One of the most stimulating post-war books on public finance' The
Guardian.
Part 1 examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in principle and
includes chapters on the following:
* Income, Expenditure and Taxable Capacity
* The Concept of Income in Economic Theory
* Taxation and Savings
* Taxation and risk-bearing
* Taxation and the Incentive to Work
* Company Taxation
* Taxation and Economic Progress
Part 2 examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in practice, asking
whether personal expenditure tax is practicable and putting forward
a proposal for Surtax Reform.
This book provides a theory capable of explaining the patterns
of public expenditures and taxation that occur under representative
government. Economists and political scientists have come to
realize that issues of public policy and public finance cannot be
solved on the naive assumption that these are problems tackled by a
government that exists only to serve the public good. Instead,
government must be understood as one of the major economic
institutions of society, one that behaves like more familiar
economic institutions--the household and the firm--though the
market it confronts is a market for policies rather than for goods
and services. Albert Breton's pathbreaking work remains important
in taking us toward a theory of representative government that
enables an understanding of the observed behavior of political
institutions.
The author's analysis is cast in a relatively simple demand,
supply and demand-supply-equilibrium framework, using the tools of
marginal and stability analysis to explain the forces that
influence and determine the flow of resources as they are allocated
between competing ends in the public sector. The book presents a
model of demand by citizens, who are assumed to be maximizing their
desires for specific public policies and private goods, and a model
of the supply of public policies by politicians and bureaucrats,
who are assumed to be maximizing the probability of their
re-election and the size of their budgets. Breton defines
government policies and the institutional framework for collective
choices in terms that render them amenable to further analysis.
The main accomplishment of Breton's theory is that it provides
the ability to analyze the interaction of individuals and generates
testable propositions about the behavior of these individuals as
well as about the behavior of public expenditures and taxation in
more aggregative terms. In this way the book will be useful to
students of economics, economists, and those interested in economic
theory.
"Albert Breton" is professor emeritus of economics at the
University of Toronto. He was once director of research for The
Social Research Group in Montreal. His articles have been widely
published in major journals and some of his recent books include
"Rational Foundations of Democratic Politics" and "Political
Extremism and Rationality" (with Gianluigi Galeotti, Pierre Salmon,
and Ronald Wintrobe) and "Bijuralism: An Economic Approach" (with
Michael J. Trebilcock).
The contributions to this volume try to overcome the traditional
approach of the judicature of the European Court of Justice
regarding the application of the fundamental freedoms in direct
taxation that is largely built on a non-discrimination test. In
this volume, outstanding authors cover various aspects of the
national and international tax order when European law meets
domestic taxation. This includes testing traditional pillars of
income taxation ability-to-pay, source and residence, abuse of law,
arm s length standard with respect to their place in the emerging
European tax order as well as substantial matters of co-existence
between different tax systems that are not covered by the
non-discrimination approach such as mutual recognition,
cross-border loss compensation or avoidance of double taxation.
The overarching goal is to flesh out the extent to which a
substantive allocation of taxing powers within the European Union
is on its way to a convincing overall framework and to stretch the
discussion beyond discrimination .
This book examines the present status, recent tax reforms and
planned tax policies in some South and East Asia countries since
the 1990s. The evidence is presented in a user friendly manner, but
at the same time uses technically sophisticated methods. The main
countries studied are China, India, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea
and Thailand.
It is unique for being the first systematic treatment of the
topic: hitherto, the information available has been widely
dispersed and difficult to access. It should prove to be a natural
companion to two previous books on taxation published by Routledge
and also edited by Luigi Bernardi.
EG Council Tax Handbook is a timely publication. The text is easy
to understand and very comprehensive. This volume helps to define
the council tax in various contexts.
Compliance has become key to our contemporary markets, societies,
and modes of governance across a variety of public and private
domains. While this has stimulated a rich body of empirical and
practical expertise on compliance, thus far, there has been no
comprehensive understanding of what compliance is or how it
influences various fields and sectors. The academic knowledge of
compliance has remained siloed along different disciplinary
domains, regulatory and legal spheres, and mechanisms and
interventions. This handbook bridges these divides to provide the
first one-stop overview of what compliance is, how we can best
study it, and the core mechanisms that shape it. Written by leading
experts, chapters offer perspectives from across law, regulatory
studies, management science, criminology, economics, sociology, and
psychology. This volume is the definitive and comprehensive account
of compliance.
This classic book tells the story of the development of Income Tax
from its beginning in 1799 to the present day and relates it to the
social, economic and political history of the period.
There have been studies of Income Tax at various stages in its
growth; studies of finance and taxation in general in which Income
Tax has been closely concerned; studies too of some of the
Chancellors of the Exchequer who have made significant
contributions to the Income Tax system; but this is the first time
an attempt has been made to encompass the whole 160 years or so of
its life in one volume.
And a fascinating story it is too when set in perspective. The
author shows how Income Tax was introduced to finance the
Napoleonic Wars, how it was revived by Peel to pay for Free Trade,
and how it underwrote Victorian prosperity and confidence. He then
describes its immense expansion through two World Wars to its
present position as a dominant feature of British finance. This
book was first published in 1966.
Building on the work carried out in the 2004 Routledge book, Tax
Systems and Tax Reforms in Europe, an international team of
contributors now turn their attention to the new EU member states.
The book compares conditions in the new and potential EU Member
states to those in the long-standing EU countries. Topics covered
include:
* A Comparative View of Taxation in the EU and in New
Members
* Tax Policy in EU New Members
* Tax Policy in New Members under the Stability Pact
* Tax Administration and the Black Economy.
As well as investigating countries such as the Czech Republic,
Estonia and the Baltics, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia, this
outstanding book contains a foreword by Vito Tanzi and will be a
valuable resource for postgraduates and professionals in the fields
of economics, politics, finance and European studies.
Fiscal policy has always been a primary measure of macroeconomic
control. The fiscal revenue and expenditure can influence the
operation of the whole economic and social activities by changing
the existing GDP distribution pattern, affecting the consumption
and investment of enterprises and people, etc. Within the framework
of macroeconomic analysis, this book reviews the evolution of
China's fiscal policy, and the main changes China's economy has
experienced since 1990s. To begin with, it makes an empirical
research of China's national debts, including their relationship
with macroeconomic regulation and total social demand. Besides, it
examines the economic effect mechanism of national debts issuance.
Then it focuses on the taxation issues, elucidating the sources of
tax revenue growth and the judgments on tax burden. The issue of
tax reduction is also covered, especially its complexity in China.
Lastly, it provides insights into China's fiscal tendency, changes
of macroeconomic policies, and financial operation in the context
of the "New Normal". Scholars and students in economics, finance
and Chinese economic studies will be attracted by this book. Also,
it will appeal to readers interested in modern Chinese economic
history.
This book is about taxes in Canada: who pays what, and who gets
what. Taxes connect us to one another, to the common good, and to
the future. In many respects, then, this is a book about the Canada
we want, about citizenship and the common good, and about the role
of government. The contributors, leading practitioners and scholars
on taxation and public policy in Canada, explore how taxes have
become a political "no-go zone" and how changes in taxation are
changing Canada. They challenge the view that "any tax is a bad
tax" and provide broad directions for fairer and smarter
approaches.
"Tax Is Not a Four-Letter Word" provides new information on how
taxation, and our thinking about it, has evolved. The contributors
present data that set out what we get for what we pay and what we
lose when we pay less. They seek to capture how citizens came to
think of tax cuts as the "last free lunch" and propose ways to
generate a public discussion on the subject despite the political
reluctance.
This is a book that will be of interest to students of public
policy and public affairs, economics, and political science and to
anyone interested in challenging the conventional wisdom that
ever-lower taxes and smaller government are the answers to what
ails us.
Contents: Acknowledgements Preface Introduction List of Sections Diverse Taxing Terms and Strategies Al-musadara system (Moslem Near East) Corporate 'Inversion' (United States) Firma burghi (Great Britain) Rural Patronage (Roman Empire) Tax Avoidance Tax Evasion Tax Farming Underground Economy (frequently referred to as 'the black Market') Ancient World c. 2350 BC - Urukagina's Reform (Babylonia/Sumer) 2000 BC - Kiddinutu (Assyria) 431 BC - Delian League Revolt (Greece) c. 338 BC - Khabbash Revolt (Egypt) c. 360 or 361 BC - Rebellion against Tachos (Egypt) 240-237 BC - Mercenary War (Carthage, North Africa) 220 BC - Rhodes/Byzantium War (Near East) c. 220 BC ff. - Tax Farming Controversy (Palestine, Egyptian Kingdom) c. 200 BC - Sitologi Protests (Egypt, third century BC) 191 BC ff. - Li-t'ien (China) 141 BC ff. - Tax Remission (China) 113 BC - Black Market Complaint (Egypt) 81 BC - Discourses on Salt and Iron (China) 67 BC - Hyrcanus Opposition (Judaea) 44 BC - Opposition to Triumvirs' Taxes (Roman Empire) 43 BC - Asian Tax Resistance (Roman Empire) 26-24 BC - Thebaid Revolts (Egypt, Roman Empire) AD 6 - Senate Tax Opposition (Roman Empire) AD 9 ff. - Wang Mang's Reforms (China) AD 17-24 - Tacfarinas's Revolt (North Africa, Roman Empire) AD 21 - Treveri and Aedui Rebellion (Gaul, Roman Empire) AD 28 - Frisian Rebellion (Roman Germany) AD 30 ff. - Land Tax Riots (China) AD 36 - Cietae Rebellion (Cappadocia) c. AD 39 - Roman Tax Protest (Rome) AD 55 - Egyptian Practors' Appeal (Egypt, Roman Empire) AD 58 - Nero's Tax Reform (Rome) AD 60 - Iceni Revolt (Britain) AD 66-70 - Judaea Revolt (Judaea, Roman Empire) AD 68 - Gaul Revolt (Gaul province, Roman Empire) AD 71 - Temple-Tax Resistance (Judaea and Egypt, AD 71 and ff.) AD 116 - Commanderies Tax Revolt (China) AD 212 - Constitutio Antoniniana (Egypt) AD 238 - Carthage Rebellion (Roman Empire) AD 284-305 - Agri deserti (Roman Empire) AD 297 - Egyptian Revolt (Roman Empire) AD 306 - Roman Revolution, or Maxentius's Revolt (Rome, Roman Empire) AD 284-305 ff.- Agri deserti (Roman Empire) Early Middle Ages, AD 365-1199 365-66 - Revolt of Procopius (Roman Empire) 372 - Rebellion of Firmus (North Africa, Roman Empire) 374-375 - Mauretanian Rebellion (Africa, Western Roman Empire) 375 - Pannonian Tax Resistance (Pannonia, Roman Empire) 376 - Fritigern's Rebellion (Thrace, Eastern Roman Empire) 387 - Antioch Rebellion (Eastern Roman Empire) c. 400 - Gallic Traders' Tax Avoidance (Gaul, Roman Empire) c. 400 ff. - Bagaudae Revolts (Gaul) 450 - Valentinian III's Constitution (Rome, Roman Empire) 458-459 - Refusal to Pay Tribute (Byzantium, formerly Eastern Roman Empire) c. 460 ff. - Buddhist Clergy Growth (China) c. 464-465 - Bibianus's Mission (Gaul) 502 - Refusal to Pay Tribute (Byzantine Empire) c. 528 - Tarsus Protests (Eastern Roman Empire) 532 - Nika Revolt (Byzantium) 540 - Lazica Revolt (Lazica, now Jordan) c. 544 - Injuriosus's Protest (Kingdom of the Franks) 548 - Stoning of Parthenius (Kingdom of the Franks) 578 - Limoges Riot (Kingdom of the Franks) c. 582 ff. - Falsification of Records (China) 589 - Bishop Gregory's Tax Resistance (Kingdom of the Franks) 645 - Alexandria Uprising (Egypt) 665 - Gennadius's Tax Rejection (Egypt, Byzantine Empire) 687 - Ling-nan Rising (China) 711 ff. - Suppressing Buddhist Tax Evasion (China) 721 ff. - Re-registration Opposition (China) 722 - Papal Tax Rejection (Italy, Byzantine Empire) 727 - Cosmas's Revolt (Greece, Byzantine Empire) 820-823 - Thomas the Slav Revolt (Byzantium) 821 ff. - Tea Tax Evasion (China) 874 ff. - Banditry (China) 882 - Limonta Peasants Protest (Italy) Early 900s - Bedouin Revolt (Iraq) 913 and ff. - Bulgarian War (Byzantine Empire) 917 - Basra Riot (Iraq) 934 - Slav Tribute Rebellion (Byzantine Empire) 969 - Fostat Revolt (Egypt) 991 - Danegeld Resistance (Britain) 994 - Church Council (France) 1003 - Church Tax Opposition (Byzantine Empire) 1040 - Bulgarian Revolt (Byzantine Empire) c. 1042 ff. - Military Dismantling (Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire) c. 1057 - Lady Godiva's Ride (England) 1188 - Saladin Tithe Protest (France) 1197 - German Tax Opposition (Byzantine Empire) 1198 ff. - Tithe Controversy (Poland) Late Middle Ages, 1200-1500 1207 ff. - Tithe Conflict (Poland) 1215 - Magna Carta (England) 1222 - Golden Bull Exemption (Hungary) 1224 - Abbott of Battle vs. William (England) 1237 - Aids Resistance (England) 1241- Mintey Resistance (England) 1248 ff. - Tithe Opposition (Poland) 1270 - Parlement Decree of 1270 (France) 1280 - Fralse (Sweden) 1282 - Sicilian Vespers Revolt (Sicily) 1285 ff. - Anatolian Rebellions (Asia Minor, Byzantium) 1289 - Tax Resistance (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1296 - Cistercian Order Tax Uprising (France) 1297 - Maltolt Opposition (England) 1297 ff. - Papal Tax Opposition (Italy) 1300 - Charles of Valois Aid Protest (France) 1303 - Althing Remonstrance (Iceland) 1304 - Flanders Peasant War (France) 1304 - Bithynia Tax Revolt (Byzantine Empire) 1308 - Marriage Aid Protest of 1308 (France) 1314 - Burgundy, League of (France) 1314 - Nobles Revolt of 1314 (France) 1321 - Thrace Tax Exemption (Byzantine Empire) 1323 - Populares (France) c. 1330 - Fordwich Attack (England) 1332-1334 - Peasants Revolt (India) 1334 - Parlement Decree of 1334 (France) 1337 - Languedoc Arriere-ban Protest (France) 1338-1339 - Protest Poems and Songs (England) 1339 - Norman Estates Tax Charter (France) 1340-1342 - Lincolnshire Inquiries (England) 1341 - Rejection of Estimo (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1341 - La Puy Salt Tax Protest (France) 1343 - Crisis of 1343 (France) 1343 - Brienne's Downfall (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1346 - Estates of Languedoil (France) 1348 - Normandy Riots (France) 1350s - Boendur Revolt (Iceland) 1351 - Rouen Rising (France) 1351-1368 - Lower Yangtze Rebellions (China) 1354 - Rienzo's Demise (Italy) 1356 - Navarrese Tax Opposition (France) 1358 - Jacquerie (France) 1360-70 - Venice Salt Makers Tax Opposition (Italy) 1363 - Ransom Protest (Scotland) 1369 - Acquitaine Revolt (France) 1378 - Languedoc Uprising (France) 1379 - Ghent Revolt (Flanders) 1381 - Aides Uprisings (France) 1381 - Wat Tyler's Rebellion (Great Britain) 1388 - Remensas' Protests (Spain) 1391 - Barcelona Riots (Spain) 1393 - Eyjafjord Tax Resistance (Iceland) 1400 ff. - Cuetaxtla Protest (Mexico) 1413 - Estates-General Reforms (France) 1425 - Catasta Debate (Florence, Italy) 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion (England) 1461 - Rheims Tax Revolt (France) 1462 - Remenca Serfs Rising (Spain) 1465 - 'War for the Public Weal' (War of the League of the Public Weal) (France) 1480 - Muscovy Tribute Resistance (Russia) 1484 - Tours States-General (France) 1489 - Yorkshire Rebellion (England) 1497 - Cornish Risings of 1497 (Cornish Rebellion) (England) Renaissance to Enlightenment, 1500-1700 1502 ff.- Bundschuh (Germany/Switzerland) 1514 - Agen Revolt (France) 1514 - 'Poor Conrad' Rebellion (Arme Konrad) (Germany) 1520-21 - Great Revolt in Castile (Spain) 1524-25 - Peasants' Revolt (Peasants' War, Bauernkrieg) (Germany/Austria) 1525 - Amicable Grant Resistance (England) 1529ff. - Tithe Payers' Strike (France) 1536-37 - Pilgrimage of Grace (England) 1537 - Montelimar Exemption Protest (France) 1536 ff. - Ghent Revolt (Flanders, Belgium, Holy Roman Empire) 1540s - Telemark Uprising (Norway) 1542 - Gabelle Revolt (France) 1542 - Nils Dacke Rising (Sweden) 1543 - Export Duty Resistance (Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire) 1543 - 1545-Cortes Tax Refusals (Spain) 1548 - Guyenne Revolt (France) 1549 - Western Rebellion (England) 1563-1564 - Tax Farming Complaints (Ottoman Empire) 1564 - Parlement Tax Act (France) 1567ff. - Revolt of the Netherlands (Spanish Habsburg Empire) 1567 ff. - Reichenstein Rising (Austria) 1570s - Trondelag Uprising (Norway) 1572 - Census Opposition (Cyprus, Ottoman Empire) 1573 - Tithe Opposition (Sweden) 1573 - Croat Rising (Hungary, Austrian Monarchy) 1573-1577 - Castile Tax Resistance (Spain) 1576 - Cahier de doleance (France) 1578 - Anti-tax League (France) 1580 - Carnival in Romans (France) 1582 ff. - Haute-Uzege Revolt (France) 1586 - Gautiers Revolt (France) 1589 ff - Millones Protests (Spain) 1590s - Campaneres (France) 1591-1594 - Rappenkrieg (Switzerland) 1592 - Tunja Sales Tax Revolts (Colombia) 1594 ff. - Peasants' Revolt (Austria) 1593-95 - Vivarais Uprising (France) 1594 - Michael's Revolt (Romania, Ottoman Empire) 1595 - Third Estate Appeal (France) 1595-1597 - Peasant Risings (Austria) 1596 - Finland Rising (Sweden) 1596-1610 - Celali Revolts (Ottoman Empire) 1597 - Tax Rebellions (China) 1597 - Pancarte Resistance (France) 1597-Peasants Revolt (Hungary, Austrian Monarchy) 1598-1613-Time of Troubles (Russia) 1603-1608 - 'The Great Flight' (Ottoman Empire) 1606-1607 - Bolotnikov Rebellion (Russia) 1610 - Great Contract (Great Britain) 1620 ff. - Stock-and-Land Tax Conflict (Sweden) 1622 - Little Toll (Sweden) 1624 - Poitiers Riot (France) 1626 - Peasants Uprising (Austria) 1626 ff. - Catalonia Rebellion (Spanish Kingdom) 1628 - Petition of Right (Great Britain) 1630 - Lanturelu Rising (France) 1630 - Cascaveoux Revolt (France) 1631-1632 - Vizcaya Revolt (Spain) 1634-39 - Ship Writs Protest (Great Britain) 1635 - Agen Rising (France) 1635-43 - Saintonge/Angoumois Rebellions (France) 1636-1637 - Croquants Revolt (France) 1637 - Evora Riots (Portugal) 1638 ff. - Pardiac Revolts (France) 1639-43 - Va-nu-Pieds Revolt (France) 1640s - Excise Riots (England) 1643 - Excise and New Impost Protests (Great Britain) 1643 - Tax Risings (France) 1645 - Montpellier Revolt (France) 1645 - Cordoba Tax Resistance (Spain) 1647 - Palermo Revolt (Sicily, Spanish Kingdom) 1647-1648 - Naples Revolt (Italy, Spanish Kingdom) 1648 - Customs Protest (Ottoman Empire) 1648 - Moscow Uprising (Russia) 1648-1653 - Fronde of the Parlement (France) 1653 - Swiss Peasant War (Switzerland) 1659 ff. - Indigo Tax Evasion (Guatemala) 1662 - Kolomenskoe Protest (Russia) 1662 - Lustucru War (France) 1663 - Chalosse Rising (France) 1670 - Aubenas Revolt (France) 1670s - Peasant Revolt (France) 1675 - Bonnets Rouge Revolt (France) 1676 - Bacon's Rebellion (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1683 - Repartimiento Protest (Guatemala) 1689 - Hearth Tax (Hearth-Money) Repeal (Great Britain) Eighteenth Century 1700 - Camisard Revolt (France) 1703 - Rakoczi's Insurrection (Hungary, Austrian Empire) 1707-08 - Lower Don Rebellion (Russia) 1712 - Mosquito Coast Rebellion (Central America) 1713 - Tax Rejection (Sweden) 1717 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1726-1727 - Sanchu ikki (Japan) 1729 - Piche Settlement (Guatemala) 1733 - Excise Bill Riots (Great Britain) 1736 - Gin Act Protests (Great Britain) 1736 - Porteous Riots (Great Britain) 1739 - Iwaki Daira Rising (Japan) 1749 - Aizu Rising (Japan) 1749-1751 - Vingtieme Opposition (France) 1752 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1761 - Canek Revolt (Yucatan) 1761-1763 - Ueda Horeki Rising (Japan) 1762 ff. - War of the Strilars (Norway) 1763 - Cider Act Protests (Great Britain) 1763 ff. - Bourbon Fiscal Reform Resistance (Guatemala) 1764-1765 - Tenma Sodo (Japan) 1764-75 - American Revolution (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1765 - Strilekrigen (Norway) 1765 - Rebellion of the Barrios (Ecuador) 1765 - Stamp Act Crisis and Stamp Act Congress (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1765-71 - Regulators (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1767 - Guanajuato Riot (Mexico) 1767 - Silesia Revolt (Austrian Monarchy) 1770 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1773 - Palermo Revolt (Sicily, Italy) 1773-1774 - Boston Tea Party (Massachusetts Colony, Great Britain) 1773-75 - Pugachev Revolt (Russia) 1774 - Cochabamba Customs House Riot (Bolivia) 1775 - Peasants Rebellion (Bohemia, Austrian Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire) 1776 - Koyasan Revolt (Japan) 1780 - Arequipa Rebellion (Peru) 1780 - Katarista Rebellion (Bolivia) 1780 - La Paz Uprising (Bolivia) 1780-81 - Tupac Amaru Revolution (Peru) 1781 - Comunero Rebellion (Colombia) 1781 - Silk Tax Rising (Japan) 1782 - Carriage Tax Revolt (Sicily) 1783 ff. - Pennsylvania Whiskey Excise Protests (United States) 1784 - Nobles' Tax Opposition (Austrian Empire) 1784 - Horia and Closca Revolt (Transylvania, Austrian Monarchy) 1786 - Shays's Rebellion (United States) 1786-1787 - Tenmei Rising (Japan) 1786-1787 - Lofthuus's Revolt (Norway) 1788-89 - Minas Gerais Conspiracy (Brazil) 1789-1802 - French Revolution (France) 1790 - Decree Repeal Uprising (Austria) 1790 - Saxony Peasants' Revolt (Electorate of Saxony, Germany) 1790 - Fishermen's Revolt (Japan) 1793 ff. - White Lotus Rebellion (China) 1794 - Whiskey Rebellion (United States) 1794 - Pazvantoglu Rebellion (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1795 - Denbigh Protest (Wales) 1799 - Fries Rebellion (United States) Nineteenth Century 1800 - St. Clears Tax Riot (Wales, Great Britain) 1802 - Parliament's Expunging Tax Roles (Great Britain) 1802-07 - Zempoala Tax Resistance (Mexico) 1806 - Llannon Riot (Wales, Great Britain) 1810 - Nobles' Tax Rebellion (Sicily) 1810 ff. - Nobles' Tax Reform Opposition (Prussia) 1811-1812 - Takeda Rising (Japan) 1814 - Echigo Rising (Japan) 1828 - Nobles' Tax Opposition (Russia) 1815-20 - Totonicapan Anti-tribute Uprising (Guatemala) 1816 - Commons Abolition of the Income Tax (Great Britain) 1822 - Cachoeira Uprising (Brazil) 1825 - Tumenggung Mohamad Revolt (Indonesia) 1826 - Homs Revolt (Syria) 1826 ff. - Hama Protest (Syria) 1831 - Damascus Revolt (Syria) 1831-1840 - Ferde Tax Opposition (Syria and Palestine) 1831-32 - Carmarthen Riots (Wales) 1833 - 'Awayid Abolition (Syria) 1834 - Fellah Revolt (Palestine, Ottoman Empire) 1835-1837 - Peasant Risings (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1838 - Carrera Revolt (Guatemala) 1838 - Anti-Corn-Law League (Great Britain) 1839-42 - Rebecca Riots (Wales) 1840s ff. - Tax Resistance Movements (China) 1841 - Druze Tax Resistance (Syria) 1841 - Anatolian Tax Resistance (Turkey, Ottoman Empire) 1842 - Ch'ung-yang Uprising (China) 1842 - Zhaowen County Uprising (China) 1845 - Tjikandi Affair (Indonesia) 1847 ff. - Battle of the Malt Tax (Great Britain) 1847-50 - Sierra Gorda Rebellion (Mexico) 1848 - Revolution of 1848 (Sicily) 1850 - Aleppo Revolt (Syria) 1850 - Peasant Rising (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1851 - Census Rebellion (Brazil) 1851 - Grape Growers Strike (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1853 - Nambu Rising (Japan) 1853 - Qingpu Resistance (China) 1854 - 'Alawis Revolt (Syria) 1855-1856 - Bedel Opposition (Syria) 1860 ff. - Shantung Tax Resistance (China) 1860 - Damascus Riots (Syria) 1860s - Zemstvo Tax Protest (Russia) 1866 - 1867-Kaisei Rising (Japan) 1871 - Match Girls (Great Britain) 1872 - Land and Labour League (Great Britain) 1874-1875 - Peasants Revolt (Herzegovina, Ottoman Empire) 1879 ff. - Single Tax Movement (United States) 1880 - Vintem Riot (Brazil) 1880s - Salt Tax Uprisings (Egypt) 1884 - Chichibu Rising (Japan) 1888 - Banten Revolt (Indonesia) 1891 ff. - Anti-tax Riots (Italy) 1894 - Sicily Rebellion (Italy) 1895 - Income Tax Opposition (France) Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries 1900 ff. - Acre War (Bolivia) 1900 ff. - Free Conservatives (Denmark) 1901-1905, and ff. - Peasant Antitax Risings (China) 1906 - Bambatha Rebellion (Natal, South Africa) 1907 - Winegrowers' Strike (France) 1908 - Dai Loc Tax Revolt (Viet Nam) 1911 - Waichow Revolution (China) 1916 - Two Kitchen Knives Rebellion (China) 1918 - Opium Surtax Resistance (China) 1919 ff. - Georgists (Danmarks Retsforbund) (Denmark) 1920s - Tax Boycotts (Burma) 1921 - Guntur No-tax Campaign (India) 1923 ff. - Red Spears' Tax Risings (China) 1925 ff. - Opium Tax Protests (China) 1930 - Nghe An Revolt (Vietnam) 1930 ff. - Great Depression Tax Resistance (United States) 1931-1932 - Ch'ang-le Revolt (China) 1932 - Chiang-tu hsien Disturbances (China) 1934 - Taxi Drivers' Strike (France) 1937-1939 - Damodar Canal Tax Movement (India) 1943 - Tigrai Rebellion (Ethiopia) 1949 - Tax Law Opposition (Japan) 1953 ff. - Poujadisme (France) 1960s - Barwick Court (Australia) 1963-1970 - Bale Rebellion (Ethiopia) 1964 - Latifundists' Tax Resistance (Portugal) 1968 - Gojjam Revolt (Ethiopia) 1969 - Antiwar Tax Rally (United States) 1970 - Scarsdale Property Tax Rejection (United States) 1978 - Proposition 13 (United States) 1990 - Poll Tax Riots (Great Britain) 1995 ff. - Taxpayer Protection Act (Canada) 1999 - Gasoline Tax Protests (Jamaica) 2000 ff. - DC Vote (United States) 2000 - Fuel Tax Protests (Europe) 2000 - Banana Tax Protest (People's Republic of China) 2001 - Separatists' Movement (Canada) 2001 - Tennessee Income Tax Protest (United States) 2002 - Restaurateurs Strike (France) 2002 - Tax Opposition (Ascension Island) Biographies Bacon, Nathaniel (1647-1676) (United States) Baez, Joan (1941- ) Ball, John ( -1381) (Great Britain) Bassingbourne, Sir Stephen (Great Britain) Boadicea (Boudicca or Boudica) (d. 60 A.D.) (Britain) Bolotnikov, Ivan Isaevich ( -1607, Russia) Boniface VIII ( -1303, Italy) Charles the Bad (Charles II of Navarre) (1332-1387, France) Cobden, Richard (1804-1865, Great Britain) Cruz, Francisco de la ( -1578, Peru) Flavius Sabinus ( ,Rome) Fries, John (1750-1825, United States) George, Henry (1839-1897, United States) Germanus (c. 378-448, Gaul) Hampden, John (c. 1595-1643, England) d'Harcourt, Godefroy ( -1356, France) Jarvis, Howard (1903-1986, United States) Kellems, Vivien (1896-1975, United States) Lee, J. (Joseph) Bracken (1899-1996, United States) Philip IV (Philip the Fair) (1268-1314, France) Shays, Daniel (1747-1825, United States) Tupac Amaru (1747-1781, Peru) Tyler, Wat (Walter Tyler, -June 15, 1281, England) Appendix: Entry by Nation Bibliography Index
Contents: Part One: A General Picture of European Tax Systems and the Main Topics in Tax Reforms 1. A Comparative View of Selected European Countries Luca Gandullia 2. Rationale and Open Issues of more Radical Reforms Luigi Bernardi 3. Public Finance and Political Economies in Tax Design and Reforms Paola Profeta 4. Reducing Fiscal Pressure Under the Stability Pact Fedele De Novellis and Salvatore Parlato Part Two: National Case Studies of European Tax Systems and Tax Reforms Luca Gandullia Co-Editor 5. France Simona Scabrosetti 6. Germany Giorgia C. Maffini 7. Ireland Alessandro Sommacal 8. Italy Luigi Bernardi 9. Spain Davide Tondani 10. The Netherlands Graziano Abrate 11. The United Kingdom Giuseppe Migali
"Sensible Tax Reform Simple, Just and Effective" ("STR") offers a
truly revolutionary approach to tax reform.
-Businesses will be untaxed. -Social Security and Medicare will
receive much stronger financial backing.-Most individuals will no
longer pay any income taxes. -Estates will no longer be taxed. -A
simple broad-based federal consumption tax will be introduced as
the foundation of our tax system. -The consumption tax will apply
to most expenditures by individuals but will provide critical
buffers to ease the impact upon healthcare, housing,
transportation, and higher education. -STR" will replace the
existing tax mess we all hate with a simple, just, and economically
dynamic tax system that will reinvigorate American businesses,
greatly increase the real income and purchasing power of most
Americans, and stabilize the finances of the federal government."
'This is one of those rare technical books which has an importance
outside its own field' The Daily Telegraph. 'One of the most
stimulating post-war books on public finance' The Guardian. Part 1
examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in principle and includes
chapters on the following: * Income, Expenditure and Taxable
Capacity * The Concept of Income in Economic Theory * Taxation and
Savings * Taxation and risk-bearing * Taxation and the Incentive to
Work * Company Taxation * Taxation and Economic Progress Part 2
examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in practice, asking whether
personal expenditure tax is practicable and putting forward a
proposal for Surtax Reform.
The first edition of Adams' study of the history of taxation had
heads turning across the nation, with excited reviews appearing in
dozens of national newspapers and magazines in addition to local
papers in almost every state. Adams makes a convincing case for
taxes being the cause of many of the landmark events in
civilization's history. Starting in ancient Egypt, Adams surveys
how governments established and collected their taxes, and how
these procedures led to the fall of Rome, the rise of Islam and the
Arabs' successful conquests, the signing of the Magna Carta, the
American Revolution and Civil War, and many other momentous events.
Adams also offers suggestions for governments wishing to avoid the
fate of previous nations destroyed by ignorant tax policies,
something every American will no doubt read with much interest.
This title was first published in 2003. India's tax revenues depend
on manufacturing while agriculture and services generate
employment. WTO's Uruguay and Doha rounds imply large tariff cuts.
This affects the competitiveness of the Indian manufacturing sector
and has implications for government deficits. Excessive dependence
on indirect taxes and subsidies to regulate markets introduces
distortions and is incompatible with free market principles. The
book analyses welfare implications of fiscal and trade policies for
India. To put the results in perspective, developments in trade
theory, public finance and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE)
modelling are covered. Theoretical results are juxtaposed with
empirical findings from these models. Methodology to construct CGE
models is also covered. The trade model covers tariff cuts under
various assumptions besides incorporating "new trade theory". As
tax reforms and tariff cuts are independent, past tax reforms like
MODVAT (MODified VAT) and proposed reforms like VAT,
elimination/reduction of subsidies are covered using a separate tax
model.
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Taxation
(Hardcover)
David A. Dieterle
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This engaging and accessible book is a must-read for every
taxpayer, young and old. It explores the many forms of taxation;
how taxes are created, collected, and spent; and why certain
aspects of taxation are so controversial. "In this world, nothing
can be said to be certain, except death and taxes." Benjamin
Franklin wrote this now-famous quote more than 200 years ago, and
taxation remains just as important (and inevitable) today as then.
Taxes are a fact of life for almost everyone, and the public goods
and services they pay for are enjoyed by all citizens. While taxes
are undeniably necessary, the specifics of what should be taxed,
who should pay taxes, and at what rate remain hotly debated by
economists, government officials, and regular citizens. The first
in Greenwood's new Student Guides to Business and Economics series,
Taxation gives readers an in-depth yet reader-friendly look at one
of economics' foundational concepts. Using simple language and
relevant real-world examples, the book explores the different forms
of taxation, the necessary components of any tax, how taxes are
created and collected, and much more. It also highlights
contemporary controversies related to taxation, including whether
or not "sin taxes" actually discourage unwanted behaviors like
smoking and how best to simplify the tax filing process. Provides a
concise and easy-to-read overview of a broad and foundational topic
in economics Demonstrates to readers why taxes are important and
helps them better understand how tax revenue is spent for the
public good Includes a Questions for Further Discussion section
designed to stimulate classroom discussion and encour-age critical
thinking Offers an at-a-glance chronology of events related to the
history of taxation, allowing readers to trace the evo-lution of
ideas and practices related to taxation through history
This book, first published in 1985, investigates the enactment of
the federal income tax as a case study of an important Progressive
Era reform. It was a critical issue that likely divided people
along socioeconomic lines, thus helping to provide insight into the
debate over the 'class origins' of the reformist movement.
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