Responding to a deepening economic crisis, serious structural problems with the tax system, a long and deep-seated opposition to even modest tax increases, and a weak tax administration, the Guatemalan government introduced a comprehensive tax reform program in 1992. In this concise volume, Roy Bahl, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, and Sally Wallace review the data that supported the creation of the reform program and evaluate the first round of revenues and tax-burden effects.Focusing their theoretical and empirical analysis on revenue yield impacts, on effects of relative prices and relative tax treatment of different types of companies, and on the distribution of tax burdens by income class, the authors factor in individual and company income taxes, value-added tax, taxes on international trade, and property tax. In each case, they describe the existing tax system and evaluate it against the traditional norms; in addition, they analyze alternative structural reforms within the Guatemalan context.Comprehensive tax reforms in less developed countries are infrequent, and the Guatemalan experience provides a fascinating case study of how modern analytic techniques can be used by policymakers to formulate tax structure changes. The authors also draw contrasts with experiences in other countries and revisit many of the principles that have been laid down for guiding tax reforms in developing nations.

The purpose of this book is to set out the basic principles and conceptual issues of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

This book is extracted from the main work, Silke: SA Income Tax, mainly for use by second-year students seeing that they do not study all the topics addressed in the main Silke.

The availability of this title prevents them from having to purchase the same work for two consecutive years, which is more focused and cost-effective.

United States Taxes and Tax Policy supplements and complements the theoretical material on taxes found in public finance texts using a combination of institutional, theoretical and empirical information. By adding flesh to theoretical bones, this textbook provides insight into the behaviour of individuals in both the private and public sectors. Specifically, the economic effects of taxes and tax policy are stressed and, as a result, students will gain an appreciation and understanding of how tax policy actually affects the economy. For example, where many texts typically stop with a rather pristine treatment of the income and substitution effects of a tax, this book goes further by examining econometric studies of the supply of labour, and the relationship of this work to taxes, the Laffer curve, and the role and magnitude of the underground economy. Using this approach, Professor Davies brings life to what can be a dull subject.

What works best for clients? Learn the pros and cons of the LLC, general partnership, limited partnership, and limited liability partnership by focusing on planning and potential tax traps. This title offers a review of distinct advantages of these entities coupled with an examination of the risk members and partners face if they do not have a solid tax plan to minimize their exposure. In addition, the authors explore some of the more intricate rules and regulations of these entities so you can move your working knowledge of partnership and LLC taxation beyond the basics. This book prepares the reader to do the following: Analyze a partnership or LLC agreement to determine whether any special allocations in the agreement will be allowed under Code Section 704(b) Identify the potential economic consequences of special allocations to a partner or LLC member Identify the potential tax consequences when a partner or LLC member has a negative balance in his or her capital account Recognize the relationship between partnership and LLC allocations of profit and loss and the allocation of the risks and rewards of entity operations Distinguish between the requirements for substantiality and those for economic effect under the regulations Distinguish between "book" allocations required under Section 704(b) and "tax" allocations required under Section 704(c) Recognize the three methods described in the Section 704(c) regulations to make special allocations with respect to contributed property Determine when a non-contributing partner or LLC member will or will not be protected by required allocations under Section 704(c) Calculate the gain that can result from reallocation of liabilities when a partner joins a partnership Calculate a partner's or member's share of recourse liabilities of a partnership or LLC Distinguish between recourse and nonrecourse liabilities of a partnership or LLC Analyze the impact of a partner or LLC member's guarantee of a recourse or nonrecourse liability of the entity Recognize when to treat a liability as a recognized versus contingent liability and understand how to account for partnership or LLC contingent liabilities Calculate the basis of each property received by a partner receiving multiple properties in a liquidating vs. non-liquidating distribution from a partnership or LLC Recognize which properties will receive a step-up or step-down in basis when multiple properties are received from a partnership or LLC Allocate basis increases or decreases among multiple properties for federal income tax purposes Determine when an Internal Revenue code (IRC) Section 754 election will allow a partnership or LLC to adjust its basis in its assets Allocate required basis adjustments among partnership or LLC assets Determine the tax consequences associated with the sale of a partner's or member's interest in a partnership or LLC Recognize how using the installment method to account for the sale of a partnership interest will affect how the partner will report his or her gain on the sale Recognize when the sale of an interest in a partnership will trigger a technical termination of the partnership Determine the tax basis and holding period of assets owned by the partnership following a technical termination Determine the tax consequences associated with subsequent dispositions of built-in gain or loss assets following a technical termination

This book has been written while the author was a member of the long-term research program "Internationalization of the Economy" (Sonderforschungsbereich 178) at the University of Konstanz. Its subject, the harmonization of commodity taxes in the European Community's internal market, has been intensely - and controversially - debated among both economists and legal scholars. The interdisciplinary contacts in the research program have contributed to the shape of the present study, even though the analysis is confined to the economic aspects involved. lowe sincere thanks to my academic teacher, Professor Bernd Genser, who con- stantly supported this work with both general advice and detailed comments and who created within his research unit a stimulating and cooperative environment. Professor Albert Schweinberger shared some of his expertise on trade issues with me and made a number of valuable suggestions. I am also grateful to Professor Hans- Jurgen Vosgerau for his successful efforts to create favorable working conditions, and for support on several occasions. I have further benefitted from discussions with both members and non-members of the research program in Konstanz. Helpful comments and suggestions were re- ceived from Max Albert, Professor John Chipman, Karl-Josef Koch, Professor Wil- helm Kohler, Jurgen Meckl, Gunther Schulze, Professor John Whalley, and Professor Wolfgang Wiegard. Stefan Menner introduced to me the legal perspective on tax har- monization and helped me to overcome at least some of the barriers of specialization.

Taxes and Trust is the first book on taxes to focus on trust and the first work of social science to concentrate on how tax policy actually gets implemented on the ground in Poland, Russia and Ukraine. It highlights the nuances of the transitional Ukraine case and explains precisely how and why that 'borderland' country differs from the more ideal-types of coercive Russia and compliance-oriented Poland. Through nine bespoke taxpayer surveys, an unprecedented bureaucratic survey and more than fifteen years of qualitative research, the book emphasizes the building and accumulation of trust to transition from a coercive tax state to a compliant one. The context of the book will appeal to students and scholars of taxation worldwide and to those who study Russia and Eastern Europe. This title is also available as Open Access.

Should government's power to tax be limited? The events of the late 1970s in the wake of California's Proposition 13 brought this question very sharply into popular focus. Whether the power to tax should be restricted, and if so how, are issues of immediate policy significance. Providing a serious analysis of these issues, the authors of this 1980 book offer an approach to the understanding and evaluation of the fiscal system, one that yields profound implications. The central question becomes: how much 'power to tax' would the citizen voluntarily grant to government as a party to some initial social contract devising a fiscal constitution? Those in office are assumed to exploit the power assigned to them to the maximum possible extent: government is modelled as 'revenue-maximizing Leviathan'. Armed with such a model, the authors proceed to trace out the restrictions on the power to tax that might be expected to emerge from the citizen's constitutional deliberations.

Redistribution is one of the most fundamental issues in welfare economics. In connection with this term the following questions directly arise: What is a good redistribution ? Which (governmental) instruments should be used to attain it ? Is there a "best instrument" if several of them are available? Or, to express it more generally, which allocations are at all attainable if special instruments are at hand ? All these questions are formulated in an extremely vague way. It will be the task of the following work to make these questions precise and to give answers - as far as possible. It is a matter of course that these answers will not be exhaustive because redistribution is too wide a field. I have used the word "instrument" intentionally. In doing so, Iwanted to indicate that it is not necessary to restrict oneself to income - or commodity taxes as is common place in public finance when aiming at redistribution.

This book aims to include the effects of a progressive personal tax into the deterministic dynamic theory of the firm. To this end the author investigates the impact of a progressive personal tax on the optimal dividend, financing and investment policy of a shareholder-controlled, value-maximising firm. More specifically, the principal aim is the justification of the thesis that during each stage of their evolution, firms will be controlled by investors in different tax brackets. With this aim in mind, the author develops a dynamic equilibrium and portfolio theory under certainty, which considers: - the market value of an arbitrary firm such that no excess demand for or supply of shares exists, - the portfolio selection of differently taxed investors, - the succession of differently taxed investors, who possess the shares of any value-maximizing firm, in the course of time, - the optimal resulting policy string and corresponding evolution of a firm in the course of time.

An excellent balance of practice and theory, without non-essential details, makes this the first-choice student text for UK tax. --Professor John Hasseldine, University of Nottingham. This is one of those rare cases where 'less is more' in a tax text. I would recommend this text over its rivals in the market for its brevity, clarity, coverage and practicality. --John Boggis, Tax Practitioner. Tax is a subject that is difficult to successfully encapsulate in a student text. However, Andy Lymer and Lynne Oats have produced not only a comprehensive, accessible and accurate book, but also one with an apporpriate blend of approaches and materials. --Professor Rebecca Boden, University Wales Institute, Cardiff

This comprehensive and popular annual textbook provides students of UK taxation with a thorough knowledge of Income tax, Corporation tax, Capital gains tax, Inheritance tax and VAT. The book provides numerous illustrative examples of the practical operation of statute and case law and provides a wide variety of end-of-chapter questions for self learning. The book is aimed at students studying for both University degree programmes incorporating courses in UK taxation and also students studying tax courses for professional qualifications in accounting, banking, management and taxation. Past exam questions, with solutions, are provided in the text from the ACCA, CIMA and CIOT examinations. This edition has been updated for all those provisions of the 2010 Finance Acts that relate to the tax year 2010/11. In particular, it incorporates all the new personal tax rates, allowances and reliefs, together with changes for self employed businesses, employment tax rule changes, new rates of CGT and VAT.

For over 30 years this textbook has been the leader in its field. Now updated annually, the 2009/2010 edition of this book continues to provide a clear and authoritative introduction to the economic theory of taxation and to its practical operations in the UK.

This monograph is principally the work of the late Martin Norr. He completed a draft of the entire monograph but had not yet revised it when he died in late 1972. At that time, the integration of corporate and shareholder taxation was just beginning to become of widespread interest in the United States. With the increasing interest thereafter, the International Tax Program began to revise his manuscript, making as few changes as possible in the original draft. We had the benefit of criticism and analysis from Professor Richard M. Bird of the University of Toronto, now Director of the Institute of Policy Analysis there. In addition, Mr. Mitsuo Sato of the Ministry of Finance in Japan gave freely of his time in carefully suggesting changes throughout the manuscript. The present version of Chapter 3 owes a great deal to his additions and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Professor Hugh J. Ault of Boston College Law School for the Appendix, containing his description of the German integration system that became effective in 1977, which was first published in Law & Policy in International Business. Mr. Norr's interest in the subject of corporate and shareholder taxation developed while he was writing the International Tax Program's World Tax Series volume Taxation in France, published in 1966. The integration of French taxes on corporations and shareholders took place just after that volume was finished, but had been under discussion in France for some time before then.

This book brings together research from some of the world?s leading tax economists to discuss appropriate directions for tax reform in small open economies. The eminent contributors (including Altshuler, Creedy, Freebairn, Gravelle, Heady, Kalb, Sorensen and Zodrow) investigate the beneficial directions for medium-term tax reform in the light of global developments and lessons from the latest taxation research. In addressing this issue, they review recent advances in both the theoretical and empirical tax literature and reform evidence from individual countries. Topics covered include the impact of taxes on economic performance; international and corporate taxation; personal tax and welfare systems; environmental taxation; and country-specific tax reform experiences.Bringing together leading international experts to explore specific policy reforms, this book will prove essential reading for academics and researchers of public economics, fiscal policy and tax reform. It will also be warmly welcomed both by undergraduate and graduate students of public economics or the economics of taxation, as well as policymakers and government officials working in the area of tax policy.

The Tax Rules Have Changed. Your Business Should, Too.The Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 marks the biggest tax reform in more than 30 years. The changes to the tax code are complex (especially for the small-business owner), but you don't have to go it alone. CPA and Attorney Mark J. Kohler delivers a comprehensive analysis of the new tax and legal structure you desperately need to help make the new tax law work for you. In this revised edition of The Tax and Legal Playbook, Kohler reveals clear-cut truths about tax and legal planning and delivers a practical, play-by-play guide that helps you build wealth, save on taxes, and protect your assets. Using real-world case studies, tax-savvy tips, game plans, and discussion points, Kohler coaches you through the complexities of the tax game of the small-business owner. You'll also learn how to: Examine your business needs and pick the right business entity for you Build your personal and corporate credit in eight steps Implement affordable asset protection strategies Take advantage of underutilized business tax deductions Pick the right health-care, retirement, and estate plans Bring on partners and investors the right way Plan for your future with self-directed retirement funds Reading from cover to cover or refer to each chapter as needed, you will come away wiser and better equipped to make the best decisions for your business, your family, and yourself.

Die gegenwartige Einkommensbesteuerung wird vielfach mit dem Schlagwort "Steuerchaos" charakterisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund drangt sich die Notwendigkeit einer Neuorientierung auf.
In diesem Band werden, ausgehend von den Problemen der Einkommensbesteuerung, konsumorientierte Steuersysteme hinsichtlich verschiedener Aspekte und Problemfelder thematisiert. Die einzelnen Beitrage geben zum einen den Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung wieder und zeigen zum anderen Ansatzpunkte fur aktuelle Steuerreformdiskussionen in Deutschland und Osterreich auf."

Lehrbuch der finanzwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Stabilisierungspolitik. Das Werk ist vor allem fur Studierende der Betriebs- und Volkswirtschaftslehre geschrieben worden. Man mochte sich freilich wunschen, dass es auch z.B. Politiker durcharbeiten wurden. Eben nur ein Wunsch "

"Loopholes of the Rich" helps Americans from all walks of life use the same tax loopholes that the wealthy use to lower their tax bill. With this handy guide, you won?t need an accountant to find quick and easy ways to pay less. And there's nothing unethical about these tax loopholes. In fact, the government wants you to take advantage of them! These tax-reducing tactics and strategies can give you the freedom to save for your family's future or for your own financial independence. Plus, you?ll find a handy checklist of more than 300 business deductions, real-life tax strategy examples, useful sample forms, explanations of IRS codes and rules, and much more.

This comprehensive and popular annual textbook provides students of UK taxation with a thorough knowledge of: Income tax, Corporation tax, Capital gains tax, Inheritance tax and Value added tax. This edition has been updated for all those provisions of the 2009 Finance Act that relate to the tax year 2009/10. In particular, it incorporates all the new personal tax rates, allowances and reliefs, together with changes for self employed businesses, employment tax rule changes and VAT changes.