This original work explores the politics of British taxation in the twentieth century. By 1979, taxes were taken from almost half of the total national income, and contributed to the political rise of Margaret Thatcher. But the level of taxation had risen from 10% in 1914 to about 25% between the wars, without provoking serious discontent (as in other European countries). It also grew again during the Second World War. This study explores the reasons that the earlier tax increases were accepted, and not those of 1979.

When thirteen machine shop workers from Ohio won a $295.7 million lotto jackpot, the largest ever, it made headlines. But the real story is that the lottery is a losing proposition for the vast majority who play it.

Hitting the Lottery Jackpot provides the hard truth to the questions everybody asks: What are my chances of winning? Doesn't the money go to education? Isn't it harmless? This concise book explains who really profits from lotteries-advertising agencies, TV stations, and ticket vendors-and that shows only about half the money wagered is returned as prizes, the rest pocketed by state governments. Hitting the Lottery Jackpot also demonstrates who loses: lower-income groups and people of color, who spend a much higher percentage of their income on lotteries than others.

David Nibert connects the rise of lotteries, illegal in every state before the 1960s, to the economic stagnation beginning in the 1970s, when budgetary crises prompted legislatures to seek new revenues. Difficult economic times produced uncertainty and anxiety for the working class, leading many poor and middle-income people, yearning for security, to throw away huge sums on lotteries they stand almost no chance of winning. Finally, Nibert explores the ideological dimensions of the lottery-the get-rich-quick individualism that they promote among the very groups who would be better served by political action and solidarity.

Hitting the Lottery Jackpot is a powerful case for seeing lotteries as a pernicious government tax on the poor, seductively disguised as fun.

In the latest volume of Advances in Taxation, editor John Hasseldine includes studies from expert contributors to explore topics such as earnings repatriation elections, corporates' uncertain tax positions reported on Schedule UTP, tax audits, voluntary and enforced tax compliance, and tax evasion. Reporting peer-reviewed research contributions from North America and also including international studies from Indonesia, Bangladesh and South Africa, this volume is essential reading for those looking to keep abreast of the most recent research. The empirical research published by the authors of this volume include archival, survey, and experimental methods that have been applied to challenges facing tax systems around the globe. These challenges affect tax administrators, large corporates, and small and medium-sized enterprises. The studies contained in this volume will be influential and help direct future research around the globe.

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The financial crisis triggered a global debate on the taxation of the financial sector. A number of international policy initiatives, most notably by the G-20, have called for major changes to the tax treatment of financial institutions and transactions, as well as to working practice within the financial sector. This book examines how tax policies contributed to the financial crisis and whether taxation can play a role in the reform efforts to establish a sounder and safer financial system. It looks at the pros and cons of various tax initiatives including limiting the tax advantages to debt financing; special taxes on the financial sector; and financial transactions taxes. It examines policy concerns such as: the manner in which the financial sector should "pay" for its bailout and the role of accumulated tax losses on financial institutions' behaviour; the role that taxes may play in correcting the systemic externalities associated with "too big to fail"; the types of tax that are most appropriate for financial institutions and markets ("excess profits" versus "financial transactions taxes"); the interaction between taxes and the regulation of the financial sector; and the role of taxation in countercyclical and macroeconomic policies.

The objective of the authors and publishers of Silke: SA Income Tax is to provide a book that simplifies the understanding and application of tax legislation in a South African context for both students and general practitioners.

A surprising and revealing look at what Americans really believe about taxes Conventional wisdom holds that Americans hate taxes. But the conventional wisdom is wrong. Bringing together national survey data with in-depth interviews, Read My Lips presents a surprising picture of tax attitudes in the United States. Vanessa Williamson demonstrates that Americans view taxpaying as a civic responsibility and a moral obligation. But they worry that others are shirking their duties, in part because the experience of taxpaying misleads Americans about who pays taxes and how much. Perceived "loopholes" convince many income tax filers that a flat tax might actually raise taxes on the rich, and the relative invisibility of the sales and payroll taxes encourages many to underestimate the sizable tax contributions made by poor and working people. Americans see being a taxpayer as a role worthy of pride and respect, a sign that one is a contributing member of the community and the nation. For this reason, the belief that many Americans are not paying their share is deeply corrosive to the social fabric. The widespread misperception that immigrants, the poor, and working-class families pay little or no taxes substantially reduces public support for progressive spending programs and undercuts the political standing of low-income people. At the same time, the belief that the wealthy pay less than their share diminishes confidence that the political process represents most people. Upending the idea of Americans as knee-jerk opponents of taxes, Read My Lips examines American taxpaying as an act of political faith. Ironically, the depth of the American civic commitment to taxpaying makes the failures of the tax system, perceived and real, especially potent frustrations.

Tax Staff Essentials, Level 4 - Tax Manager/Director (41.5 CPE Credits) gives your managers and directors the tools they will need to offer existing clients additional services. It will improve and increase their proficiency levels, eliciting a higher level of customer satisfaction, with the potential to increase firm service fees. Tax Staff Essentials Level 4 contains the advanced technical level of training your firm needs to maintain and improve its core competencies. As your firms leaders expand their levels of expertise, so does your firm expand its ability to offer its professional services to new and existing clients. Key areas covered include IRS audits, international tax, advanced topics in partnership taxation and accounting for deferred taxes, and individual and small business tax planning. Whether you wish to grow your firm by developing expertise in a niche or by business referrals from highly satisfied clients, TSE Level 4 is a must-have suite of CPE courses. Note: This course has been updated for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 (Tax Reform). Included with your course, you will have free access to a specially-prepared Course Supplement that provides an explanation of the key provisions of TCJA (including topics not covered in your course). Courses Included: IRS Audits Advanced Taxation Partnerships & LLCs International Taxation Advanced Income Tax Accounting Tax Planning for Small Businesses Individual Tax Planning This comprehensive, integrated curriculum provides tax training for four different experience levels and is available in four different formats: Online, On-site, Tax Schools and Webcasts. Key Topics New individual income tax rates New corporate tax rates New pass-through income rules The qualified business income (QBI) deduction New rules for certain credits and deductions Advanced aspects of ASC 740 including accounting for business combinations and other purchase transactions and stock compensation under ASC 718 Sale of an interest in a partnership or LLC Adjustments to basis of partnership/LLC assets Advanced distribution rules Allocation of income under Section 704(b) Foreign branch and affiliates U.S. withholding taxes on foreign business Types of IRS audits RAR: Revenue Adjustment Report Accounting for audit adjustments Individual tax planning Small Business tax planning Learning Objectives Apply the complex rules of ASC 740 (SFAS No. 109 and FIN 48) to new and challenging situations Apply ASC 740 to ASC 805, Business Combinations, and ASC 810, and non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements Determine the applicable tax rate for complex situations Determine the consequences of selling a partnership or LLC interest Make elections to protect partners and LLC members from unwelcome future consequences arising from current distributions, sales, and/or transfers of interests in the partnership Learn how to calculate the basis of partnership or LLC following distributions of multiple properties Understand how to comply with U.S. tax reporting requirements for inbound and outbound transactions and operations Learn how income is sourced to a foreign jurisdiction Determine when to challenge IRS requests Understand IRS audit techniques, inquiries, and appeal rights Manage the information document request process and evaluate the contents of a revenue agent report (RAR) Learn specific ways to reduce your individual and small business clients tax bills Credit Info CPE CREDITS: Online: 41.5 (CPE credit info) NASBA FIELD OF STUDY: Taxes LEVEL: Advanced PREREQUISITES: Tax Staff with over 5 years of experience ADVANCE PREPARATION: None DELIVERY METHOD: QAS Self-Study COURSE ACRONYM: TSE.Level 4 Online Access Instructions A personal pin code is enclosed in the physical packaging that may be activated online upon receipt. Once activated, you will gain immediate online access to the product. System Requirements AICPA's online CPE courses will operate in a variety of configurations, but only the configuration described below is supported by AICPA technicians. A stable and continuous internet connection is required. In order to record your completion of the online learning courses, please ensure you are connected to the internet at all times while taking the course. It is your responsibility to validate that CPE certificate(s) are available within your account after successfully completing the course and/or exam. Supported Operating Systems: Macintosh OS X 10.10 to present Windows 7 to present Supported Browsers: Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Required Browser Plug-ins: Adobe Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader Technical Support: Please contact [email protected].

Tax Staff Essentials, Level 1 - New Staff (58.5 CPE Credits) is designed to help beginning staff members develop a strong set of core skills. It focuses on individual and S corporation tax compliance plus professional business communications and more. This series covers key areas to ensure your young tax force is well prepared to begin their careers. They'll learn about: Individual, partnership and S corporation tax compliance Effective online tax research techniques Clear and precise workpaper documentation Effective professional business communications Your future tax professionals will also receive a broad range of practical tax instruction, including key issues surrounding: Individual taxation New cost and repair regulations S corporation distributions Items affecting shareholder basis Passive activity loss rules, and more Courses Include: Tax Research I Individual Tax Fundamentals Capitalized Costs & Depreciation Working Paper Documentation S Corporation Fundamentals Effective Business Communication Tax Fundamentals of LLCs & Partnerships Note: These courses have been updated for the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) (Tax Reform). You'll have free access to a Course Supplement that provides an explanation of the key provisions of the TCJA (including topics not covered in your course). Tax Staff Essentials is a comprehensive, integrated curriculum that provides tax training for four different experience levels and is available in four different formats: Online, On-site, Tax Schools and Webcasts. Who Will Benefit? Junior accounting and tax professionals Key Topics New individual income and corporate tax rates New pass-through income rules New rules for certain credits, deductions and qualified business income (QBI) deduction Filing requirements and personal exemptions Gross income inclusions, exclusions, and adjustments Sole proprietorships, hobby loss rules and passive activities Home offices, rental properties and vacation homes Net Investment Income Tax and Medicare Payroll Tax S corporations Capital improvements and repair Depreciation methods and IRS tables Intangible asset amortization Online tax research methodology and authoritative tax hierarchy The power of professional language in business writing Tax return support documentation Learning Objectives Analyze and report business income and expenses of a sole proprietorship or a single member LLC on Schedule C to the Form 1040 Interpret and report rental activities on Schedule E to the Form 1040 Identify the specific passive activity rules Determine if a change of filing status will improve the taxpayers' filing position based on itemized deductions Determine when an S corporation may be advantageous for a business, how to make a proper election, and the income/loss that passes through to the shareholder Recognize active and passive income and determine material participation as it relates to an individual S corporation shareholder Understand the impact of converting a C corporation into an S corporation Distinguish between deductible repairs and capitalized improvements under new tax regulations Calculate the initial tax basis and adjusted tax basis of business property Determine the tax basis of self-constructed assets Credit Info CPE CREDITS: Online: 58.5 (CPE credit info) NASBA FIELD OF STUDY: Taxes LEVEL: Basic PREREQUISITES: Tax Staff with 0-2 years of experience ADVANCE PREPARATION: None DELIVERY METHOD: QAS Self-Study COURSE ACRONYM: TSE.Level 1 Online Access Instructions A personal pin code is enclosed in the physical packaging that may be activated online upon receipt. Once activated, you will gain immediate online access to the product. System Requirements AICPA's online CPE courses will operate in a variety of configurations, but only the configuration described below is supported by AICPA technicians. A stable and continuous internet connection is required. In order to record your completion of the online learning courses, please ensure you are connected to the internet at all times while taking the course. It is your responsibility to validate that CPE certificate(s) are available within your account after successfully completing the course and/or exam. Supported Operating Systems: Macintosh OS X 10.10 to present Windows 7 to present Supported Browsers: Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Required Browser Plug-ins: Adobe Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader Technical Support: Please contact [email protected].

If taxation is the mobilization of economic resources for political ends, it is evident that any study of taxation must probe well beyond the administrative technicalities of its subject. Social, economic, political and administrative history are all part of the investigation.

The early Tudor period is especially significant in the history of taxation. This new study examines the taxes granted by parliament to the crown between 1485 and 1547. Under Henry VIII, taxation based on the direct assessment of each individual was revived, having been abandoned as unworkable in the fourteenth century. In the long run, the Tudor experiment failed: direct assessment was abandoned again after decades of complaint about evasion and under-assessment in the mid-seventeenth century, and was not restored until the end of the eighteenth century. But examination of the experiment, and of the timing and causes of its failure, throws light on the changing political limits of the Tudor state.

Schofield's research marks an important advance in our understanding not only of the fiscal resources available to the English crown but also of the broader political culture of early Tudor England.

There are wide racial disparities in virtually every sphere of economic life. African American workers earn less than whites. They are more likely to be denied loans than whites. Minority-owned businesses are less likely to win lucrative bids on state and federal contracts than are white male owned businesses. Black children are more likely than whites to be reported to child protective services for neglect or abuse. There are even huge disparities in downing rates between blacks and whites. What to do about these disparities? There is a fundamental disagreement about the appropriate remedies to these varied indicators of racial inequality. Part of the disagreement stems from differences in public perceptions about the underlying causes of the inequality. But, another form of disagreement relates to the opposition to the remedy of choice during much of the 1970s and 1980s: Affirmative Action. Race conscious remedies -- like affirmative action policies in hiring, college admissions, and business contracting -- suffer from legal and constitutional challenges, compounded by hostility from the majority of Americans. The alternative – race-neutral remedies – attempt to address racial disparities without directly targeting benefits exclusively to racial minority group members. In doing so, race-neutral remedies putatively help minorities without hurting majority group members. The authors of Race Neutrality: Rationalizing Remedies to Racial Inequality make the case that policy analysts should shift from a focus on whether a remedy is race-conscious or not to a focus on the underlying problem that the alternative remedies is attempting to resolve. This type of rethinking of the problem of racial inequality will reveal that sometimes race-neutral remedies hold great promise in reducing disparities. Often, however, race-neutral remedies fail to do what they are intended to do. The authors challenge the reader to think about why race-neutral remedies—while desireable on their face—might fail to resolve protracted and persistent patterns of racial inequality in market and non-market contexts.

This revised edition of Robert V. Andelson's" Land Value Taxation Around the World "is the first title in the new series 'Studies in Economic Reform and Social Justice', sponsored by" The American Journal of Economics and Sociology,"

Andelson has provided an interdisciplinary, international collection of essays, which has been in the making for twenty years. This is not a book on the history of economic thought but rather a book about the theory and practice of land reform and an historical summary of efforts to apply land value taxation in different countries around the world.

The collection is built around the premise that to tax an activity is to discourage it, and that when people improve land that is under their control, governments should not tax those improvements. Only when land appreciates through no effort on the part of those who manage the land should the government impose a tax. Since land is inelastic in supply, such a tax will have minimal distortionary effects on the economy. These insights are not well understood around the world but they do sometimes guide tax policy and often when they do, they produce salutory effects on economic development. Contributors to this collection argue that patterns of economic behavior are similar regardless of race, religion, or geographical location.

Written for traders with a basic knowledge of trends and technical analysis, Practical Trend Analysis introduces advanced analytical tools for recognizing how risks evolve as trends proceed. Readers will learn how to use trend prediction to manage market risks far more effectively. Michael C. Thomsett provides insights on technical signals such as candlestick reversals, price gaps, and movement through resistance or support; distinguishing between strong and weak trends; objectively evaluating the health of a stock's current price levels, trading breadth, and technical condition; and anticipating plateaus, slowdowns, or price reversals. He presents detailed coverage of trendlines and channel lines; patterns and confirmations of both reversals and continuations; broadening and narrowing trends, price jumps; and trends based on volume, moving averages, and momentum. Practical Trend Analysis will enable traders, both amateur and professional, to go far beyond mere trend "following." Michael C. Thomsett is a market expert, author, speaker, and coach. His many books include Stock Market Math, Candlestick Charting, and The Mathematics of Options.

Tax by Design identifies what makes a good tax system for an open developed economy in the 21st century and suggests how the UK tax system could be reformed to move in that direction. The recommendations stress the importance of neutrality and transparency in tax design. It draws on the expert evidence from the commissioned chapters and commentaries in Dimensions of Tax Design. It also acknowledges the growing importance of globalised markets and multinational corporations as well as the challenges created by changing population demographics, the growth of new technologies, and the broadened objectives of policy makers. The Commission's work was directed by: Timothy Besley Richard Blundell Malcolm Gammie James Poterba The Commission's editorial team: Stuart Adam Stephen Bond Robert Chote Paul Johnson Gareth Myles

The thousands of mergers, acquisitions, and start-ups that have characterized the past years of business have created an increasing number of corporations in financial trouble: specifically, a shortage of venture capital or quick cash. Consequently, bankruptcy protection is now viewed as a strategic move to protect corporations from their creditors and allow them to reorganize. Fully revised and updated with new case studies and the latest coverage of regulations, "Bankruptcy and Insolvency Taxation, Fourth Edition" provides the answers to the questions financial managers will have on the tax aspects of bankruptcy strategy.

Tax Strategies for the Small Business Owner: Reduce Your Taxes and Fatten Your Profits will help the small business owner increase profits while feeling more comfortable dealing with taxes. It begins by looking at the often overlooked critical decision small business owners face when they start a business: the choice of business entity. The book then examines all the deductions that a business owner can take legally to reduce taxes. It also provides advice business owners need to make good tax-related decisions: Should I lease or buy? Should I hire an employee or outsource the task? How much will buying a building reduce my taxes and for how long? Many people freeze up when they are forced to prepare or even think about taxes. Some receive a notice from the IRS and put it aside: They're too scared to open it Yet taxes for the most part follow common sense rules. You just need to know what they are and how they affect your decisions.In this book, readers will learn about the different business entities, the different taxes you must deal with (primarily income taxes), documentation procedures, how to work with a tax professional, how to handle an audit, and, in general, how to use the U.S. Tax Code to your advantage. Among other things, readers learn to take full advantage of tax benefits and avoid potholes hidden in things like: * Startup and ongoing expenses * Cost of goods sold * Depreciation * Payroll * Retirement plans In short, Tax Strategies for the Small Business Owner will not only help you relax when you deal with your taxes--it'll show you how to use tax law to your financial benefit. What you'll learn *How to choose a business entity that's right for your business. *The requirements for deducting expenses. *What you can deduct (and what you can't). *How to fund your retirement with help from the business. *Using depreciation rules to reduce taxable income. *Having benefit plans (medical and retirement) while complying with tax laws. *How to take the tax implications into account when making strategic business decisions. *What to do when you hear from the IRS.*How to determine whether you need a tax professional to assist you. Who this book is for Taxes for the Small Business Owner is designed for owners of small to medium-sized businesses and aspiring entrepreneurs--millions of people in the U.S. This practical guide on taxation is designed for those who want to lower their tax bills by maximizing deductions. It will appeal to any owner or manager who wants to pay less tax--legally.

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) can be effective tools for national resources revenue management. These state-owned investments, funded by commodity exports, foreign exchange reserves, or other national assets, are adaptable to the challenges posed by financial shocks and have been successfully employed in an increasing number of countries. The number of SWFs continues to grow, with the largest funds managing trillions of dollars in assets among them. However, given the significant variations among SWFs, it can be difficult to compare funds that differ in size, scope, and mandate. This book provides a sorely needed practical look at how these funds work-and how they should work. The New Frontiers of Sovereign Investment combines the insights and experience of academic economists and practitioners from several funds to survey a diverse financial landscape and establish the challenging topical questions facing a broad range of SWFs today: Should they serve both economic development and financial returns, and how? Will responsible investment enhance long-term returns? How can fiscal rules for SWFs be improved to meet emerging economic challenges? The book considers these questions as they apply to both long-established and newer SWFs. Featuring contributions from sovereign wealth practitioners from Alberta's AIMCo, the Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority, and the New Zealand Superannuation Fund, as well as analysis by scholars at the forefront of sovereign investment, this volume provides timely and much-needed information on these rapidly evolving institutions.