An informal discussion for the general reader of the most critical problems of taxation, including an important chapter on the income tax. Originally published in 1948. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Der Steuerberater ist in einem Umfeld tätig, das sich täglich ändert. Die Anforderungen an eigene Organisation und Fortbildung sind hoch. Zu schnell können Unsicherheiten einen kostenintensiven Haftungsfall auslösen. Das Werk hilft, kritische Fälle zu erkennen und zu vermeiden. Im Haftungsfall gibt das Werk wertvolle Informationen zum Umgang und zur Lösung der Situation. Ein praxisnaher Ratgeber für den Alltag des Steuerberaters.

This book examines questions of change and inertia in the context of the longstanding grievances over excessive taxation in rural China. How can some changes be sustained, whilst others cannot? How can a longstanding administrative practice be changed or even terminated, especially when previous attempts at change have failed? Using extensive interview data with local and central bureaucrats, Li's findings highlight the role of parallel developments and agency in the change process, as well as the prevalence of contingency and uncertainty. It also elegantly blends the narrative of the rural tax and administrative reforms with theoretical discussions to deepen our understanding of policy process and institutional change in 21st century China. Despite the authoritarian political system, the Chinese state-in-action which emerges from this book sees actions stemming from both the central and local levels, mediated by strategic design as well as contingency. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese Studies, political science and policy and development studies.

The capture of the French king John II at Poitiers in 1356 marked the end of royal taxation as a temporary, wartime expedient and its beginning as an annual assessment. John Henneman's detailed treatment of war financing in the period immediately preceding, from 1322 to 1356, is the first volume in a proposed study of royal finances in France during the fourteenth century. Mr. Henneman has chosen a chronological approach to his subject in order to show how the evolving theory and practice of taxation were affected by these turbulent years of war and negotiation, political faction and dynastic feuds, social and economic change. Mr. Henneman discusses the king's requirements for money over and above his normal revenues, the methods he used to raise the funds, the responses of his subjects, and the changes these procedures made in the development of French institutions. His study is based largely on unpublished sources, especially the manuscripts found in French provincial archives. As the royal financial records in Paris have been dispersed or destroyed, these manuscripts arc of particular importance. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Bringing a unique voice to international taxation, this book argues against the conventional support of multilateral co-operation in favour of structured competition as a way to promote both justice and efficiency in international tax policy. Tsilly Dagan analyzes international taxation as a decentralized market, where governments have increasingly become strategic actors. While many of the challenges of the current international tax regime derive from this decentralized competitive structure, Dagan argues that curtailing competition through centralization is not necessarily the answer. Conversely, competition - if properly calibrated and notwithstanding its dubious reputation - is conducive, rather than detrimental, to both efficiency and global justice. International Tax Policy begins with the basic normative goals of income taxation, explaining how competition transforms them and analyzing the strategic game states play on the bilateral and multilateral level. It then considers the costs and benefits of co-operation and competition in terms of efficiency and justice.

Arguments about taxation are among the most heated- no other topic is as influential to the role of government and the distribution of costs and benefits in America. But while understanding of our tax system is of vital importance, the complexity can create confusion. Two of America's leading authorities on taxes, Leonard E. Burman and Joel Slemrod, bring clarity in this concise explanation of how our tax system works, how it affects people and businesses, and how it might be improved. The book explores what makes a tax system fair, simple, and efficient, why our system falls short, and whether the new tax law promises much, if any, improvement. Accessibly written and organized in a clear, question-and-answer format, the book describes the intricacies of the modern tax system in an easy-to-grasp manner. It has been revised and updated to both explain the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) in 2017, the most comprehensive reform of its income tax system since 1986, and to examine its likely effects on individuals, businesses, and society. Among the questions discussed are: How much more tax could the IRS collect with better enforcement? How do tax burdens vary around the world? Why do corporations pay so little tax, even though they earn trillions of dollars every year? What kind of tax system is most conducive to economic growth? And, can taxes be fair?

Die Steuersysteme im 19. Jahrhundert entstanden im Gefolge der neuen liberalen Grundlagenphilosophie von 1789 und den damit verbundenen neuen Staatsordnungen. Sie l-sten die alten feudalen Abgaben und Dienste ab. Von Frankreich ausgehend, entwickelte sich in den meisten mittel- und s}deurop{ischen Staaten der Typ der direkten objektiven Ertragsteuern. Sie sollten die Individuen vor staatlicher Steuerwillk}r besonders gut sch}tzen. Wegen ihrer Schwerf{lligkeit gegen}ber nderungen konnten diese Steuern jedochdie wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen der Industrialisierung nur ungen}gend aufnehmen. Die Ertragsteuern wurden abgel-st durch den revolution{r neuen Typ der englischen subjektiven Einkommensteuer, die bereits 1799 als au erordentliche Kriegssteuer entwickelt worden war. Die preu ische Einkommensteuer von 1891 blieb f}r Deutschland bis heute richtungweisend. Die bewegliche Einkommensteuer pa te sich den Wechseln der Industrialisierung ebenso elastisch an wie den sich {ndernden Staatszwecken: vom liberalen Nachtw{chterstaat, den es im w-rtlichen Sinne kaum gegeben hat, hin zum Rechts-, Lenkungs- und Sozialstaat. Die Steuer wurde zu einem bevorzugten Instrument der Innenpolitik. Die Staatshaushalte zeigen diese nderungen und die milit{rischen Auseinandersetzungen der europ{ischen Staaten mit gro er Deutlichkeit bei ihren Einnahmen und Ausgaben.

What began as a relatively localized crisis in Greece in early 2010 soon escalated to envelop Ireland and Portugal. By the second half of 2011, the contagion had spread to the far larger economies of Italy and Spain. In mid-September the Peterson Institute and Bruegel hosted a conference designed to contribute to the formulation of policies that could help resolve the euro area debt crisis. This volume presents the conference papers; several are updated through end-2011. European experts examine the political context in Greece (Loukas Tsoukalis), Ireland (Alan Ahearne), Portugal (Pedro Lourtie), Spain (Guillermo de la Dehesa), Italy (Riccardo Perissich), Germany (Daniela Schwarzer), and France (Zaki Laidi). Lessons from past debt restructurings are then examined by Jeromin Zettelmeyer (economic) and Lee Buchheit (legal). The two editors separately consider the main current policy issues: debt sustainability by country, private sector involvement and contagion, alternative restructuring approaches, how to assemble a large emergency financing capacity, whether the European Central Bank (ECB) should be a lender of last resort, whether joint-liability "eurobonds" would be feasible and desirable, and the implications of a possible break-up of the euro area. The luncheon address by George Soros and a description (by Steven R. Weisman with Silvia B. Merler) of the policy simulation game played on the second day of the conference complete the volume. Involving market participants and experts representing the roles of euro area governments, the ECB, IMF, G-7, and credit rating agencies, the game led to a proposal for leveraging the capacity of the European Financial Stability Facility through arrangements with the ECB.

An excellent balance of practice and theory, without non-essential details, makes this the first-choice student text for UK tax. --Professor John Hasseldine, University of Nottingham. This is one of those rare cases where 'less is more' in a tax text. I would recommend this text over its rivals in the market for its brevity, clarity, coverage and practicality. --John Boggis, Tax Practitioner. Tax is a subject that is difficult to successfully encapsulate in a student text. However, Andy Lymer and Lynne Oats have produced not only a comprehensive, accessible and accurate book, but also one with an apporpriate blend of approaches and materials. --Professor Rebecca Boden, University Wales Institute, Cardiff

For over 30 years this textbook has been the leader in its field. Now updated annually, the 2009/2010 edition of this book continues to provide a clear and authoritative introduction to the economic theory of taxation and to its practical operations in the UK.

Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation is an internationally refereed publication devoted to environmental taxation issues on a worldwide basis. It seeks to provide insights and analysis for achieving environmental goals through tax policy. By sharing the perspectives of the authors in response to the diverse challenges posed by environmental taxation issues, effective approaches used in one country may be considered and possibly implemented by governmental authorities in other countries. Each volume contains pioneering and thought-provoking articles contributed by the world's leading environmental tax scholars.
This eight volume collection includes 42 articles on environmental tax issues which were presented at the Tenth Global Conference on Environmental Taxation. It features articles in six areas relating to environmental tax reforms: experiences and potential, market-based instruments for climate protection, market-based instruments for environmentally sound management of energy, market-based instruments for environmentally sound management of water, market-based instruments for environmentally sound management of urban areas, and evaluation of market-based environmental policies. The quality of the articles published in Volume VIII reflects the excellent and inspiring work of leading scholars and practitioners in the field of environmental taxation.

An engaging and enlightening account of taxation told through lively, dramatic, and sometimes ludicrous stories drawn from around the world and across the ages Governments have always struggled to tax in ways that are effective and tolerably fair. Sometimes they fail grotesquely, as when, in 1898, the British ignited a rebellion in Sierra Leone by imposing a tax on huts-and, in repressing it, ended up burning the very huts they intended to tax. Sometimes they succeed astonishingly, as when, in eighteenth-century Britain, a cut in the tax on tea massively increased revenue. In this entertaining book, two leading authorities on taxation, Michael Keen and Joel Slemrod, provide a fascinating and informative tour through these and many other episodes in tax history, both preposterous and dramatic-from the plundering described by Herodotus and an Incan tax payable in lice to the (misremembered) Boston Tea Party and the scandals of the Panama Papers. Along the way, readers meet a colorful cast of tax rascals, and even a few tax heroes. While it is hard to fathom the inspiration behind such taxes as one on ships that tended to make them sink, Keen and Slemrod show that yesterday's tax systems have more in common with ours than we may think. Georgian England's window tax now seems quaint, but was an ingenious way of judging wealth unobtrusively. And Tsar Peter the Great's tax on beards aimed to induce the nobility to shave, much like today's carbon taxes aim to slow global warming. Rebellion, Rascals, and Revenue is a surprising and one-of-a-kind account of how history illuminates the perennial challenges and timeless principles of taxation-and how the past holds clues to solving the tax problems of today.

The taxation of extractive industries exploiting oil, gas, or minerals is usually treated as a sovereign, national policy and administration issue. This book offers a uniquely comprehensive overview of the theory and practice involved in designing policies on the international aspects of fiscal regimes for these industries, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies. International Taxation and the Extractive Industries addresses key topics that are not frequently covered in the literature, such as the geo-political implications of cross-border pipelines and the legal implications of mining contracts and regional financial obligations. The contributors, all of whom are leading researchers with experience of working with governments and companies on these issues, present an authoritative collection of chapters. The volume reviews international tax rules, covering both developments in the G20-OECD project on 'Base Erosion and Profit Shifting' and more radical proposals, identifying core challenges in the extractives sector. This book should become a core resource for both scholars and practitioners. It will also appeal to those interested in international tax issues more widely and those who study environmental economics, macroeconomics and development economics.

This book, first published in 1984, examines the use of simple general equilibrium models in analysing the effects of taxes. The replacement of the earlier partial equilibrium approach has yielded numerous insights and conclusions, and these are examined here alongside the simple general equilibrium reasoning.

Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation is an internationally refereed publication devoted to environmental taxation issues on a worldwide basis. It seeks to provide insights and analysis for achieving environmental goals through tax policy. By sharing the perspectives of the authors in response to the diverse challenges posed by environmental taxation issues, effective approaches used in one country may be considered and possibly implemented by governmental authorities in other countries. Each volume contains pioneering and thought-provoking articles contributed by the world's leading environmental tax scholars.
This seventh volume focuses on the special problems of the urban environment and the challenges which confront cities and mega-cities. It examines tax issues relating to congestion and pollution control, road pricing and other forms of transportation management, housing and the construction industry, energy generation and consumption, trade, carbon taxes and new eco-service markets, research and development taxes. It contains case studies from developed as well as developing countries. Contributors come from various disciplines, particularly law, accounting and economics. The countries examined include Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Kenya, Pakistan, Singapore, Spain, Uganda, and the United States.

Fully updated each year, Taxation: Policy and Practice continues to provide coverage of the UK's tax system as it has for 15 years. Written in an accessible style with many examples, activities and questions throughout, this textbook gives the reader a thorough understanding of the UK's taxation principles and current practices. Reader friendly and informative, this text is based on a structured conceptual framework. Updated annually to ensure an accurate reflection of the current tax climate, it avoids unnecessary and confusing detail. It provides an ideal introduction to both macro and micro perspectives of UK taxation, fiscal policy and decision making.

Erster und bisher einziger steuerlicher Ratgeber fur die aktuell etwa 2 Millionen Eigentumer von Privatwaldern in Deutschland: Privater Waldbesitz erfreut sich immer groesserer Beliebtheit; das Thema Wald ist derzeit stark im Fokus. Doch der Besitz auch kleinerer Walder ist mit steuerlichen Obliegenheiten verbunden, die deren Eigentumer kennen sollten. Das Buch beschreibt klar und anschaulich die mit einem Wald verbundenen steuerlichen Pflichten und Rechte und gibt anhand zahlreicher Beispiele praktische Handlungsempfehlungen.

The 19 articles in this volume include George Zodrow's most important contributions to the theory and practice of taxation. They are organized into five general areas: (1) Optimal tax reform, or an analysis of the best ways to implement tax reforms taking into account transitional problems; (2) Consumption-based taxes, including the economic effects of replacing the current income tax with a progressive consumption tax; (3) Income tax reform in the United States and in developing countries; (4) State and local tax policy, including especially the effects of the local property tax; and (5) Tax competition, using models that are applicable at both the state/local and international levels.In the words of Peter Mieszkowski, Professor Emeritus of Rice University and one of the world's foremost public finance scholars, 'This volume of important papers is a capstone to George Zodrow's distinguished research career. What they reveal is a thinker who works repeatedly on the analysis of practical and concrete applications. The motivating force behind these articles is the conviction that for government to tax appropriately, systems of taxation must be profoundly understood. This volume is a giant step in that direction.'

Volume 4 in the Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation series provides a peer-reviewed selection of papers on environmental taxation written by experts from around the world. Selected from papers delivered at the Annual Global Conference on Environmental Taxation, they cover the theory of environmental taxation, countries' experiences of specific environmental taxes, proposed environmental taxes, and evaluations of the role of taxation compared with other environmental instruments. The book provides an interdisciplinary approach to environmental taxation, drawing on the fields of economics, law, political science, and accounting. Each volume in the series reflects the theme of the conference from which the papers are drawn, as well as other broader themes. Volume 4 will focus on the role of taxation in promoting renewable energy, but also includes a number of papers on other topics related to environmental taxation. Written predominantly by academics, the papers provide in-depth analysis that will provide a valuable resource to people interested in environmental taxation.

It is increasingly argued that bargaining between citizens and governments over tax collection can provide a foundation for the development of responsive and accountable governance in developing countries. However, while intuitively attractive, surprisingly little research has captured the reality and complexity of this relationship in practice. This book provides the most complete treatment of the connections between taxation and accountability in developing countries, providing both new evidence and an invaluable starting point for future research. Drawing on cross-country econometric evidence and detailed case studies from Ghana, Kenya and Ethiopia, Wilson Prichard shows that reliance on taxation has, in fact, increased responsiveness and accountability by expanding the political power wielded by taxpayers. Critically, however, processes of tax bargaining have been highly varied, frequently long term and contextually contingent. Capturing this diversity provides novel insight into politics in developing countries and how tax reform can be designed to encourage broader governance gains.