This book highlights new developments in the teaching and learning of algebraic thinking with 5- to 12-year-olds. Based on empirical findings gathered in several countries on five continents, it provides a wealth of best practices for teaching early algebra. Building on the work of the ICME-13 (International Congress on Mathematical Education) Topic Study Group 10 on Early Algebra, well-known authors such as Luis Radford, John Mason, Maria Blanton, Deborah Schifter, and Max Stephens, as well as younger scholars from Asia, Europe, South Africa, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, present novel theoretical perspectives and their latest findings. The book is divided into three parts that focus on (i) epistemological/mathematical aspects of algebraic thinking, (ii) learning, and (iii) teaching and teacher development. Some of the main threads running through the book are the various ways in which structures can express themselves in children's developing algebraic thinking, the roles of generalization and natural language, and the emergence of symbolism. Presenting vital new data from international contexts, the book provides additional support for the position that essential ways of thinking algebraically need to be intentionally fostered in instruction from the earliest grades.

This volume considers the role of initial and continuing teacher education in uncertain times. It highlights key principles and methods that preserve curiosity and optimism regarding the potential of teacher education, and regarding the manifold achievements of pre-service and in-service teachers. It explores how teacher education can produce teachers who are committed to counter-oppressive curricula and pedagogies, and reflects the critical role of teacher educators as public academics.

This book focuses on the ways in which English language arts (ELA) pre-service and in-service teachers have developed - or may develop - instructional effectiveness for working with English language learners (ELL) in the secondary English classroom.Chapter topics are grounded in both research and practice, addressing a range of timely topics including the current state of ELL education in the ELA classroom, and approaches to leveraging the talents and strengths of bilingual students in heterogeneous classrooms. Chapters also offer advice on best practices in teaching ELA to multilingual students and ways to infuse the secondary English teacher preparation curriculum with ELL pedagogy.Comprehensive in scope and content and examining topics relevant to all teachers of ELLs, teacher educators and researchers, this book appeals to an audience beyond ELA teachers and teacher educators.

This book discusses key aspects of life in schools and classrooms, and surveys the changes that have occurred over the years in educational research, policy making and practice in these school and classroom settings. It not only examines cutting-edge research in these areas, but also showcases good practices in the field. Among the topics reviewed are recent developments in assessment, methods for collecting and analysing data on classroom practice, school leadership and the pros and cons of class size and small-class teaching; topics which are currently hotly debated in education systems around the globe. As such, the book objectively examines the various debates, and surveys the full range of evidence available. Education researchers, policy makers and practitioners often hold differing views about the reasons for teacher and student behaviour in classrooms and, for example, its relevance to class size. Many of these views are based on 'gut feelings' rather than hard evidence. Unfortunately, these three groups, with differing perspectives, often 'talk past each other' rather than engage in a productive, mutually beneficial dialogue. The book builds an effective bridge between researchers, policy makers and practitioners regarding the impact of these various aspects of classroom life, so that the viewpoints of each can be carefully considered and evaluated.

Higher-order skills such as critical thinking, planning, decision-making and persistence are the key to success for today's students. With its novel approach to teaching and learning, 12 Brain/Mind Learning Principles in Action has been the go-to resource for thousands of teachers in leading their students to greater confidence and achievement. Now in an expanded third edition, Caine et al. offer three practical approaches to instruction-direct, problem or project-based learning, and the guided experience approach-while providing common-sense strategies to turn theory into effective classroom teaching. Features of the new edition include More strategies to deeply engage students and build foundational learning skills Guidance on peer-based professional development through Process Learning Circles Reflective questions and checklists for assessing progress Updated, real-life examples that illustrate brain-compatible learning in action Bridge research to practice through these innovative strategies to create a school environment where students and faculty learn and thrive.

A critical and thought-provoking examination of the teaching profession, from academic preparation and training to opportunities for professional advancement. Even if math teachers had degrees in mathematics and more physics teachers majored or minored in physics, how would that address behavioral problems, emotionally disturbed children, apathetic parents, and decaying school buildings? How would requiring teachers to have degrees in their content areas attract better-qualified teachers? In what ways would such degrees make teachers better qualified and suited for classrooms? In this volume, education professor Dave Pushkin, a former high school and community college chemistry and physics teacher, probes beneath the surface of easy answers to determine what the problem with education really is. Tired of being stressed out and burned out doing things he was never trained to do, he examines everything from student teaching and certification to hiring and teaching outside one's own field. Provides a chronology of the evolution of teacher education covering the 1700s to the 1990s and beyond Includes a directory of recommended professional organizations, associations, and government agencies including all state departments of education

Originally published in 1972, there were many 'classics' dealing with assessment and testing on the market at the time, but most of these left the inexperienced reader bewildered in the early stages, because of their size and insufficient explanation of the many technical terms used. There were a distinct lack of books which gave students in Colleges of Education dealing with psychology for the first time a simple explanation of basic terms in assessment and testing, and which introduced them briefly to the different types of tests available. Assessment and Testing aimed to fill this large gap. It looks at such key psychological terms as 'sample', 'objectivity', 'subjectivity', and such basic statistical terms such as 'mean', 'standard deviation', and 'normal curve of distribution'. Because it assumes that the reader has no knowledge of such terms, it gives careful and simply illustrated explanations of each. In the same way, in simple language, with any technical terms explained and illustrated, it explains intelligence and personality tests, questionnaires, sociometric measures, projection techniques, and other areas of assessment and testing which every practising teacher will meet. The book aims to be essentially practical. It is appreciated all the time that the readers are those who will teach children. It is designed to provide a solid foundation upon which the reader can build later to augment his own experience of identifying children's particular needs.

The 'Insider Guides to Success in Academia' offers support and practical advice to doctoral students and early-career researchers. Covering the topics that really matter, but which often get overlooked, this indispensable series provides practical and realistic guidance to address many of the needs and challenges of trying to operate, and remain, in academia. These neat pocket guides fill specific and significant gaps in current literature. Each book offers insider perspectives on the often implicit rules of the game -- the things you need to know but usually aren't told by institutional postgraduate support, researcher development units, or supervisors -- and will address a practical topic that is key to career progression. They are essential reading for doctoral students, early-career researchers, supervisors, mentors, or anyone looking to launch or maintain their career in academia. This engaging, researcher-centred guide offers early career researchers foundational grants literacy that will serve them throughout their careers. It provides an insight into the culture of grantseeking, as well as tactics for grant-writing. Getting Research Funded provides clear strategies on how to stage your research and understand project development, find aligned funding bodies and schemes, build strong research teams and partnerships, get the project right, and effectively plan your grantseeking. Based in Australia and the UK, the authors use their knowledge and extensive engagement with global researcher cohorts to offer a well-honed understanding of the funding landscape, the pressures and priorities affecting ECRs, and the best way to support them in effective grantseeking. This book is ideal reading for anyone looking for a succinct and supportive guide to ensure they have all the tools to get their research funded.

This book uses the publicly available TEDS-M data to answer such questions as: How does teacher education contribute to the learning outcomes of future teachers? Are there programs that are more successful than others in helping teachers learn to teach mathematics? How does the local and national policy environment contribute to teacher education outcomes? It invites readers to explore these questions across a large number of international settings. The importance of preparing future mathematics teachers has become a priority across many nations. Across the globe nations have allocated resources and expertise to this endeavour. Yet in spite of the importance accorded to teacher education not much is known about different approaches to preparing knowledgeable teachers and whether these approaches do in fact achieve their purpose. The Mathematics Teacher Education and Development Study (TEDS-M) is the first, and to date the only, cross-national study using scientific and representative samples to provide empirical data on the knowledge that future mathematics teachers of primary and secondary school acquire in their teacher education programs. The study addresses the central importance of teacher knowledge in learning to teach mathematics by examining variation in the nature and influence of teacher education programs within and across countries. The study collected data on teacher education programs structure, curriculum and opportunities to learn, on teacher educators' characteristics and beliefs, and on future mathematics teachers' individual characteristics, beliefs, and mathematics and pedagogical knowledge across 17 countries providing a unique opportunity to explore enduring questions in the field.

This book focuses on the politics of teacher resistance to the formation and implementation of neoliberal education policies in Australia. It argues that policies such as publishing examination test results online amounts to auditing teachers' work, and assumes incompetence from teachers, which ultimately results in diverting teachers from their true professional responsibilities. The book outlines the rise of transnational networks that promote market-oriented methods of achieving social objectives, such as good education for all students, and considers a range of explanations for why this education policy was strengthened in Australia in 2010. It also reviews a range of arguments about professional unionism, and reflects on the history of the Australian Education Union and its capacity to resist social neoliberalism. The book concludes by reporting on a case-study in which principals, teachers and parents at two ordinary schools in Australia have managed to keep market forces at bay. It will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of education and sociology, particularly those interested in education policy, political ideology, unionism, and schools.

This book focuses on university teachers' experience of teaching and learning. Following on from the 1999 volume Understanding Learning and Teaching, which focused on student experiences of teaching and learning, this book provides guidance on how teachers' experiences can be understood in ways which can support the continued enhancement of student learning experiences and learning outcomes. Drawing on the outcomes of a 30-year research project, this comprehensive volume discusses the qualitative variation in approaches to university teaching, the factors associated with that variation, and how different ways of teaching are related to differences in student experiences of teaching and learning. The authors extend the discussions of teaching into new areas, including emotions in teaching, leadership of teaching, growth as a university teacher and the contentious field of relations between teaching and research. "This important book offers an accessible, research-informed guide to understanding student learning and university teaching. Written by two world-leading experts in the field, it provides rich insights and practical responses to the challenges faced by those who care deeply about teaching and learning in higher education." -Professor Paul Ashwin, Lancaster University, UK "Enhancing discipline-specific evidence-based development of the quality of teaching and learning in higher education has been my strategy during my whole career. Therefore and with great pleasure I read the book by Trigwell and Prosser which distills their teaching and learning research into a guide for those seeking to better understand their teaching environment. Building on their discovery of relations between the ways of teaching and the ways of learning, they expand on what is known about variation in teaching and how it links to course design, to research and to academic development. This book will be a valuable resource for many academics." -Professor Sari Lindblom, University of Helsinki, Finland "In an international higher education context going through much change and uncertainty, Trigwell and Prosser have produced a scholarly, timely, evidence-based, view of teaching and learning suitable for universities world-wide. The experience, quality and satisfaction of university leaders, researchers, teachers and students will benefit enormously from the ideas in this addition to their first book." -Professor Robert A. Ellis, Griffith University, Australia

This book investigates the impact of integrating culturally relevant and pedagogically dynamic classroom management strategies into the curriculum of an urban secondary education pre-service methods course. The book begins by framing the problem of integrating classroom management into the lives of those learning to teach impact. It then examines multiple case studies of students from the study's control cohort who did not have classroom management coursework in their methods course. After breaking down the challenges encountered by the control students, the book offers DCMA as a framework from which teacher educators might create an integrative methods course. The book then analyzes students from the study's experimental cohort and how they benefited from such an integrative course throughout their teacher preparation and into their first year of teaching.

The idea of teachers Learning through Teaching (LTT) - when presented to a naive bystander - appears as an oxymoron. Are we not supposed to learn before we teach? After all, under the usual circumstances, learning is the task for those who are being taught, not of those who teach. However, this book is about the learning of teachers, not the learning of students. It is an ancient wisdom that the best way to "truly learn" something is to teach it to others. Nevertheless, once a teacher has taught a particular topic or concept and, consequently, "truly learned" it, what is left for this teacher to learn? As evident in this book, the experience of teaching presents teachers with an exciting opp- tunity for learning throughout their entire career. This means acquiring a "better" understanding of what is being taught, and, moreover, learning a variety of new things. What these new things may be and how they are learned is addressed in the collection of chapters in this volume. LTT is acknowledged by multiple researchers and mathematics educators. In the rst chapter, Leikin and Zazkis review literature that recognizes this phenomenon and stress that only a small number of studies attend systematically to LTT p- cesses. The authors in this volume purposefully analyze the teaching of mathematics as a source for teachers' own learning."

Throughout the country, a growing number of college students, recent college graduates, and mid-career adults are thinking about becoming teachers. Teaching in middle and high schools combines a lifelong pursuit of learning, a long-held dream of joining a field that they respect, a chance to work with young people, and an opportunity to make a difference in society.

"The Essential Career Guide to Becoming a Middle and High School Teacher" offers a step-by-step guide to preparation, certification, and employment as a teacher. It provides guidance about issues and choices facing prospective educators, including making the decision to teach, assessing the differences between middle schools and high schools, identifying an excellent teacher education program, understanding alternative pathways to certification, taking state-mandated teacher tests, succeeding as a student teacher, and finding a first job in the profession. A complete state-by-state listing of programs, including current "U.S. News & World Report" Top Fifty rankings and certification requirements rounds out this valuable guide.

Thorough discussion of twice-exceptional students based on research into how gifted students with disabilities learn. Guides teams step-by-step through the process of identifying students' needs, selecting modifications and accommodations, and developing a comprehensive plan to meet the diverse needs of twice-exceptional children.

Teachers are virtually never taught how learners make decisions about studying, concentration and participation, and are not able to find this in educational literature. The Behavioural Learning Classroom breaks new ground, allowing teachers to harness their students' traits and quirks to produce a more effective and compassionate classroom. Important lessons from behavioural science Optimising lesson design Effective (home)work Marking and feedback Rewards and sanctions The physical environment of the classroom Pupil behaviour Designing behavioural experiments and analysing data Supported by fundamental findings in behavioural science, this book provides practical, accessible, tried and tested techniques to improve the mental wellbeing of pupils and teachers alike. It is an enjoyable and accessible read for any teacher or school leader who wants to enhance their pupils' experience of learning.

This book discusses novel research on and practices in the field of physics teaching and learning. It gathers selected high-quality studies that were presented at the GIREP-ICPE-EPEC 2017 conference, which was jointly organised by the International Research Group on Physics Teaching (GIREP); European Physical Society - Physics Education Division, and the Physics Education Commission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). The respective chapters address a wide variety of topics and approaches, pursued in various contexts and settings, all of which represent valuable contributions to the field of physics education research. Examples include the design of curricula and strategies to develop student competencies-including knowledge, skills, attitudes and values; workshop approaches to teacher education; and pedagogical strategies used to engage and motivate students. This book shares essential insights into current research on physics education and will be of interest to physics teachers, teacher educators and physics education researchers around the world who are working to combine research and practice in physics teaching and learning.

Service-learning is a powerful method of teaching and learning that has been used effectively for more than two decades. This volume contributes further to the Advances in Service-Learning Research series that focuses upon service-learning in teacher education. Research and theory indicate that knowledge of service-learning pedagogy and how to implement it in teacher candidates' future classrooms can enhance field experiences of teacher education and the civic mission of schools. However, research also reminds us that that the practice of service-learning is nuanced and complex. No two service-learning experiences are alike, yet universal characteristics across service-learning experiences define its essence and distinction. It is through research that digs deep into these nuanced issues that we can learn more about the different characteristics of the experience that define service-learning and guide implementation. The preface provides an interview with Andy Furco, an early advocate of service-learning and noted leader who has fostered service- learning in K-12 and higher education throughout the United States and across the globe. Andy Furco's commentary offers an historical overview of the field as well as how the field can advance, providing insights for those new to the field as well as those who have engaged in service-learning. The preface and thirteen chapters together provide empirical and conceptual support for including service-learning. Concurrently, this scholarship provides guidance for implementing service-learning in teacher preparation and in K-12 education. Interrelated themes include self efficacy, connections with communities, diversity, and program development in teacher education.

This book discusses the use of futures methodologies to examine and critique teacher education and investigate drivers of change in teacher education contexts, providing readers with futures tools that they can use to explore curricula and pedagogies. It explains futures methods, including scenario development and backcasting, and illustrates them with examples of research in science, technology and mathematics education contexts. By allowing the long-term influence of current trends to be considered and providing an opportunity to reflect on the present and imagine the future, scenarios provoke discussion on the directions that teacher education might take now. The book offers insights into the possibilities that might exist for teacher education futures and into how scenario building and planning can be used to inform debates about the present. Further, it suggests ways in which readers can influence the future of teacher education through understanding the drivers of change.

This book gathers a range of contributions from researchers and practitioners across borders with an emphasis on theoretical arguments and empirical data concerning teacher empowerment. It propels readers to explore powerful teaching practices that can further advance the profession as a continuing priority in the system when appropriately utilized. Further, it strives to capture teachers' readiness to improve their professional skills and responsive practices as a form of accountability for their teaching and students' learning, two aspects that are increasingly being judged by various stakeholders. The book argues that teachers' autonomous participation and engagement in relevant decision-making activities and equitable access to continuing professional development opportunities are and should remain major priorities.

This work captures the voices of TFA novices who offer candid accounts of their experiences in becoming Teach For America Teachers. Previously unanswered questions are addressed: Why do recent college graduates apply to Teach For America? How are they recruited, trained, and hired? How do they learn the culture (s) of the community, schools, grade level, curriculum, and children they teach? Is there a ""culture"" of the TFA organization? What recommendations do they offer to TFA donors, policy-makers, future corps members and the public? Woven into this book, are perspectives from mentors who worked alongside TFAers, administrators who hired them, corporate C.E.O.'s who supported them, and policies (both local and national) that privileged TFA over non-TFA teachers. Finally, a compelling series of eyewitness narratives introduces each chapter's theme, documented from the author's own, ""Notes from the Field."" These accounts offer rich, descriptive vignettes that present the challenges TFAers faced, as they occurred. Schools reflect the multi-tiered and often non-level playing field that comprises America's educational landscape. Learning on Other People's Kids: Becoming a Teach For America Teacher provides readers a glimpse into the corps member experience in a rare ethnographic account.

From lesson-planning to instructional practice to classroom management, teachers must make choices constantly and consistently. Somtimes these decisions are easy, but there are some decisions that are very difficult. Such delicate decisions often arise in the world of education and may be detrimental to one's career. Thoughtful decision-making should be part of every educator's daily experience. In Tough Choices for Teachers: Ethical Challenges in Today's Schools and Classrooms, Infantino and Wilke help student teachers, new teachers, and experienced teachers think more deeply about ethical concerns. The case studies included by the authors involve ethical dilemmas dealing with honesty, integrity, and proper professional behavior. Thinking through these scenarios based in actual situations, educators are trained in ethical decision-making processes and necessary skils for dealing with problems that arise in KD12 schooling.

This volume builds a conceptual basis for assessment promoting learning in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classrooms and proposes practical assessment approaches and activities that CLIL teachers can apply in the classroom. CLIL as an educational context is unique, as language and content learning happen simultaneously. The efficacy of such instruction has been studied extensively, but assessment in CLIL classrooms has drawn much less attention. The present volume aims to fill this gap. Arranged based on different ways that content and language are integrated in CLIL, the chapters in this book together build a solid theoretical basis for assessment promoting learning in CLIL classrooms. The authors discuss how assessment eliciting this integration yields insights into learners' abilities, but more importantly, how these insights are used to promote learning. The contributors to the volume together build the understanding of classroom-based assessment as cyclic, of teaching, learning, and assessment as inter-related, and of content and language in CLIL classrooms as a dialectical unity. This volume will spark interest in and discussion of classroom-based assessment in CLIL among CLIL educators and researchers, enable reflection of classroom assessment practices, and foster collaboration between CLIL teachers and researchers. The assessment approaches and activities discussed in the volume, in turn, will help educators understand the scope of applications of assessment and inspire them to adapt these to their own classrooms.

In this book we respond to a higher education environment that is on the verge of profound changes by imagining an evolving and agile problem-based learning ecology for learning. The goal of doing so is to humanise university education by pursuing innovative approaches to student learning, teaching, curricula, assessment, and professional learning, and to employ interdisciplinary methods that go far beyond institutional walls and include student development and support, curriculum sustainability, research and the scholarship of teaching and learning, as well as administration and leadership. An agile problem-based learning (PBL) ecology for learning deliberately blurs the boundaries between disciplines, between students and teachers, between students and employers, between employers and teachers, between academics and professional staff, between formal and informal learning, and between teaching and research. It is based on the recognition that all of these elements are interconnected and constantly evolving, rather than being discrete and static. Throughout this book, our central argument is that there is no single person who is responsible for educating students. Rather, it is everyone's responsibility - teachers, students, employers, administrators, and wider social networks, inside and outside of the university. Agile PBL is about making connections, rather than erecting barriers. In summary, this book is not about maintaining comfort zones, but rather about becoming comfortable with discomfort. The actual implementation is beyond the scope of this book and we envisage that changing perceptions towards this vision will itself be a mammoth task. However, we believe that the alternative of leaving things as they are would ultimately prove untenable, and more distressingly, would leave a generation of students afraid to think, feel, and act for themselves, let alone being able to face the challenges of the 21st century.