Today's manufacturers are under tremendous pressure to develop new technological and high reliability products in record time. This has motivated reliability engineers to evaluate the reliabilities of such products. Reliability testing under accelerated environment - accelerated life testing helps to meet this challenge.This comprehensive and must-have edition provides a broad coverage of the optimal design of Accelerated Life Test Plans under time-varying stress loadings. It also focuses on the formulation of Accelerated Life Test Sampling Plans (ALTSPs) which integrate accelerated life tests with quality control technique of acceptance sampling plans. These plans help to determine optimal experimental variables such as appropriate stress levels, optimal allocation at each stress levels, stress change points, etc, depending on the stress loading scheme. ALTSPs determine optimal plans such that the producers' and consumers' risks are safeguarded.

This collection addresses the need for sustainable technologies with reduced energy consumption and pollutants and the development and application of alternative sustainable energy to maintain a green environment and energy supply. Contributions focus on energy-efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, and recycling and waste heat recovery, as well as emerging novel energy technologies. Papers also cover various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Papers from the following symposia are presented in the book: Energy Technologies and Carbon Dioxide Management Solar Cell Silicon Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage

Metallic Glass-Based Nanocomposites: Molecular Dynamics Study of Properties provides readers with an overview of the most commonly used tools for MD simulation of metallic glass composites and provides all the basic steps necessary for simulating any material on Materials Studio. After reading this book, readers will be able to model their own problems on this tool for predicting the properties of metallic glass composites. This book provides an introduction to metallic glasses with definitions and classifications, provides detailed explanations of various types of composites, reinforcements and matrices, and explores the basic mechanisms of reinforcement-MG interaction during mechanical loading. It explains various models for calculating the thermal conductivity of metallic glass composites and provides examples of molecular dynamics simulations. Aimed at students and researchers, this book caters to the needs of those working in the field of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of metallic glass composites.

Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices Second Edition E. Ajith Amerasekera Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, USA Farid N. Najm University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Since the successful first edition of Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices, semiconductor technology has become increasingly important. The high complexity of today's integrated circuits has engendered a demand for greater component reliability. Reflecting the need for guaranteed performance in consumer applications, this thoroughly updated edition includes more detailed material on reliability modelling and prediction. The book analyses the main failure mechanisms in terms of cause, effects and prevention and explains the mathematics behind reliability analysis. The authors detail methodologies for the identification of failures and describe the approaches for building reliability into semiconductor devices. Their thorough yet accessible text covers the physics of failure mechanisms from the semiconductor die itself to the packaging and interconnections. Incorporating recent advances, this comprehensive survey of semiconductor reliability will be an asset to both engineers and graduate students in the field.

The second edition of High Voltage Test Techniques has been completely revised. The present revision takes into account the latest international developments in High Voltage and Measurement technology, making it an essential reference for engineers in the testing field.
High Voltage Technology belongs to the traditional area of Electrical Engineering. However, this is not to say that the area has stood still. New insulating materials, computing methods and voltage levels repeatedly pose new problems or open up methods of solution; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) or components and systems also demand increased attention. The authors hope that their experience will be of use to students of Electrical Engineering confronted with High Voltage problems in their studies, in research and development and also in the testing field.
Benefit from a completely revised edition
Brings you up-to-date with th latest international developments in High Voltage and Measurement technology
An essential reference for engineers in the testing field

This book discusses the latest investigations into the electronic structure of narrow-gap semiconductors in extreme conditions, and describes in detail magnetic field and pressure measurements using two high-quality single crystals: black phosphorus (BP) and lead telluride (PbTe). The book presents two significant findings for BP and PbTe. The first is the successful demonstration of the pressure-induced transition from semiconductor to semimetal in the electronic structure of BP using magnetoresistance measurements. The second is the quantitative estimation of how well the Dirac fermion description works for electronic properties in PbTe. The overviews on BP and PbTe from the point of view of material properties help readers quickly understand the typical electronic character of narrow-gap semiconductor materials, which has recently attracted interest in topological features in condensed matter physics. Additionally the introductory review of the principles and methodology allows readers to understand the high magnetic field and pressure experiments.

This fully illustrated text explains the basic measurement techniques, describes the commercially available instruments and provides an overview of the current perception of 3-D topography analysis in the academic world and industry, and the commonly used 3-D parameters and plots for the characterizing and visualizing 3-D surface topography.
It also includes new sections providing full treatment of surface characterization, filtering technology and engineered surfaces, as well as a fully updated bibliography.

This book covers a wide range of measurement techniques broadly referred to as Optical Metrology, with emphasis on their applications to nondestructive testing. If we look separately at each of the two terms making the generic name Optical Metrology, we find a link to two of the most distinctive aspects of humans: a particularly well developed sense of vision and a desire to classify things using numbers and rules.
Of all our five senses, vision is certainly the most developed and the closest to the rational part of our brain. It can be argued that our memory is strongly dependent on images and the brain is particularly good at processing the stimuli received from these images to extract information. Measuring, sizing and counting are, on the other hand, among the fundamental building blocks of modern society. The use of abstract quantities like size, value or intensity has simplified the description of complex enquiry and is the basis of modern science and economy. Hence, it would seem natural that the combination of two such basic aspects should result in the birth of a new field of science. However, it is known that his has not been the case. Optical Metrology remains classified as a group of special techniques used mainly in niche applications. Optical Metrology may be rightly described as an ensemble of techniques in which fields such as physics, electrical and mechanical engineering, and computer science merge and blend in new ways.
This book is intended as a tribute to the career of Professor Leopold Pflug. By looking back at his lifelong commitment to the application of optical metrology to the service of engineering sciences, more particularly devoted to the observation of the real behavior of structural components, one can retrace the major revolutions that have taken place in this domain. Starting his activity in 1971 as the head of the Laboratory for Stress Analysis at the EPFL in Switzerland, he first employed photoelasticity as a tool to improve the understanding of the real behavior of complex structures. However he soon recognized the necessity of working with the real materials used to build these structures instead of on replicas made of optically birefringent materials. He then focussed on the use of moire techniques which sparked his fascination with laser-based holography and speckle-based methods. The advent of information technology led him to open up to the use of ESPI and digital image processing techniques. Finally, in the mid 1990s he became interested in the use of optical fibers as a tool for sensing deformations inside structures, not only on their surfaces as in the case of whole-field methods. It is interesting to note the parallel in the evolution of optical metrology vis a vis developments in other fields: the development of lasers led to holographic interferometry, the availability of frame-grabbers led to ESPI and the emergence of fiber optic communications opened the way to the development of fiber optic sensors. This puts in sharp perspective the strong dependence of optical metrology on the latest technology for its development. Also interesting to note is that all fields in optical metrology touched upon by Professor Pflug are still of great relevance, as shown by the contributions in this volume.
This book is, however, not intended as a commemoration, rather as an occasion to review the trends and undercurrents that are driving the field of optical metrology, with emphasis on nondestructive testing. All the authors were asked to summarize the recent achievements in their respective fields and to speculate about the future. As a result it has become apparent that it is difficult although not impossible to spot general trends in these disparate fields. Optical metrology has considerably benefited from some of the most important innovations of the recent past: lasers, computers and fiber optics communication, all of which found their direct inspiration from the developments in the world of electronics.
In recent years we have also witnessed a shift of power from states to corporations. This has created the need to produce quick results useful to industry. Optical nondestructive testing has certainly adapted to this evolution, and several contributions in this book show that the researchers in this field understand the importance of developing technology that can be used by the industry to solve specific problems. We should also not forget that optical nondestructive testing is essentially a "service technology" and should as such not only focus on serving its clients in the best possible way, but also should continually emphasize, extend and enhance its services to new users still unaware of its potential. Hopefully this book will help in spreading awareness of the potentials of optical metrology and in focusing on the challenges of the future.

This volume contains the papers presented at the 2nd International Conference entitled: "Emerging Technologies in NDT" which was held in Athens, Greece, May 24-26, 1999. This work covers frequently used non-destructive testing methods and introduces innovative ideas in the field. The title also focuses on visual and optical inspection, acoustic emission and ultrasonics as well as a range of other closely related topics.

More than 50 papers were presented at the conferecne by invited and distinguished researchers from all over the world. This volume forms a valuable record of important contributions to the relevant literature. It contains not only the most up-to-date technology developments but provides also information regarding emerging NDT techniques/technologies and their potential applications in the field.

The book covers frequently used NDT methods and introduces new and innovative ideas. Focussing on visual and optical inspection, acoustic emission, ultrasonics, nonlinear ultrasonics, infrared methods, X-ray radiography, special techniques, material characterisation, NDT of civil engineering structures, inspection of pipes and reliability and validation this volume will be a great boon to engineers, researchers, quality control managers, as well as teachers and graduate students in the field.

This book offers an essential introduction to the linear and non-linear behavior of solid materials, and to the concepts of deformation, displacement and stress, within the context of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. To illustrate the fundamental principles, the book starts with an overview of solid mechanics, experimental methods, classes of material behaviors, and the thermodynamic modeling framework. It then explores linear elastic behavior, thermoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture mechanics and damage behavior. The last part of the book is devoted to conventional and magnetic shape memory alloys, which may be used as actuators or sensors in adaptive structures. Given its range of coverage, the book will be especially valuable for students of engineering courses in Mechanics. Further, it includes a wealth of examples and exercises, making it accessible to the widest possible audience.

The design of bridges across rivers and streams is a major component of many civil engineering projects. The size of waterways must be kept reasonably small for reasons of economy and yet be large enough to allow floods to pass. Bridge Hydraulics is the first book to consider both arched and rectangular waterway openings in detail and to describe all of the main methods of analysis. With clear examples and relevant case studies, using both laboratory models and full- size bridges in the field, it is not only a thorough and accessible introduction to bridge hydraulics, but also a guide that will enable engineers to produce authoritative analyses and more effective designs.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203028414

Tensor Calculus and Analytical Dynamics provides a concise, comprehensive, and readable introduction to classical tensor calculus - in both holonomic and nonholonomic coordinates - as well as to its principal applications to the Lagrangean dynamics of discrete systems under positional or velocity constraints. The thrust of the book focuses on formal structure and basic geometrical/physical ideas underlying most general equations of motion of mechanical systems under linear velocity constraints.
Written for the theoretically minded engineer, Tensor Calculus and Analytical Dynamics contains uniquely accessbile treatments of such intricate topics as:
tensor calculus in nonholonomic variables
Pfaffian nonholonomic constraints
related integrability theory of Frobenius
The book enables readers to move quickly and confidently in any particular geometry-based area of theoretical or applied mechanics in either classical or modern form.

Featuring a model-based approach to fault detection and diagnosis in engineering systems, this book contains up-to-date, practical information on preventing product deterioration, performance degradation and major machinery damage.;College or university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special student price. Price is available upon request.

A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis Second Edition Edited by John P. Sibilia This book provides an overview of the most current techniques used for chemical analysis, materials evaluation, and materials testing. Over 100 materials methodologies, evaluations, chemical analyses, physical testing, and scientific computing techniques are covered, including the fields of molecular spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, chromatography, chemical analysis, x-ray analysis, microscopy, surface science, thermal analysis, and polymer characterization. All of the techniques are explained in a clear, easy-to-read format and are discussed in terms of their use, sample requirements, and the underlying chemical, physical, and engineering principles. Many real-life industrial and academic applications are included to give the reader a true feel for the significance and uses of each technique, enabling him or her to identify the best approach for solving a particular problem. For each technique, a section is included that describes its advantages and limitations, along with general references for further reading. A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis, Second Edition, will be of interest to analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemists; physicists; materials scientists; chemical engineers; and instructors and students in materials science and instrumental analysis.

This book discusses recent findings and advanced theories presented at two workshops at TU Berlin in 2017 and 2018. It underlines several advantages of generalized continuum models compared to the classical Cauchy continuum, which although widely used in engineering practice, has a number of limitations, such as: * The structural size is very small. * The microstructure is complex. * The effects are localized. As such, the development of generalized continuum models is helpful and results in a better description of the behavior of structures or materials. At the same time, there are more and more experimental studies supporting the new models because the number of material parameters is higher.

Detailing a number of structural analysis problems such as residual welding stresses and distortions and behaviour of thin-walled rods loaded in bending, this text also explores mathematical function minimization methods, expert systems and optimum design of welded box beams.

The reference provides interdisciplinary discussion for diverse II-VI semiconductors with a wide range of topics. The third volume of a three volume set, the book provides an up-to-date account of the present status of multifunctional II-VI semiconductors, from fundamental science and processing to their applications as various sensors, biosensors, and radiation detectors, and based on them to formulate new goals for the further research. The chapters in this volume provide a comprehensive overview of the manufacture, parameters and principles of operation of these devices. The application of these devices in various fields such medicine, agriculture, food quality control, environment monitoring and others is also considered. The analysis carried out shows the great potential of II-VI semiconductor-based sensors and detectors for these applications. Considers solid-state radiation detectors based on semiconductors of II-VI group and their applications; Analyzes the advantages of II-VI compounds to develop chemical and optical gas and ion sensors;  Describes all types of biosensors based on II-VI semiconductors and gives examples of their use in various fields.

This book mainly introduces some basic phenomena and laws of highly ductile materials during elastoplastic deformation, and their engineering applications, such as the transfer and relief of stress concentration in the notch root, the mitigation of possible brittle fracture, the ductile deformation and damage, fatigue, energy absorption, plastic buckling, thermal stress problems, etc. It shows a number of revolutions in modern applications and design, which are beneficial to the safety of modern equipment, and improve applicability. In addition, the first three chapters of this book also briefly introduce the basic knowledge of elastoplastic deformation and analysis as a preliminary knowledge. This book can be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate students and postgraduate in non-mechanics majors such as mechanical engineering, power, material or civil engineering, as well as scholars and engineers in related fields.

Assuming a familiarity with the fundamentals of fiber science and textile processes. Modern Textile Characterization Methods focuses on current advances in selected characterization procedures...covers polymer characterization methods that elucidate chemical composition and configuration, morphology, and physicochemical properties...discusses how analytical pyrolysis can help identify small changes in polymers, fibers, and other textile auxiliaries...considers color identification, separation, and purification...examines dyeing thermodynamics, dye compatibility, and dye-fiber interactions...illustrates the use of spectroscopic methods to determine molecular structure, mixture composition, and properties of cross-linking chemicals...describes how pore structures in fibrous networks relate to absorbency and flow-through processes...presents the theoretical basis for measuring the mechanical properties of single fibers directly...analyzes textile attributes such as handle, color, and protective qualities...evaluates the chemical and microbial barrier properties of textiles...and more.

This text provides an insight into the wear processes which take place during the cutting of rock with steel cutting tools. Rock cutting experiments in different rock types leading to a new approach to the estimation of rock cutting tool wear are described.

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed.
Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice provides a point of reference for engineering failure analysis (EFA) cases, presenting a compilation of case studies covering a 35-year period, from the 1970s to 2012. This period spans the era from the time when slide rules were used routinely for engineering calculations, and when hard-copy photographs taken by film cameras were pasted onto typewritten sheets to make reports, to the present time when all these functions have become much less onerous through computer assistance. The cases are drawn from such diverse fields as mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, civil/structural engineering, electrical power systems, and radiation damage; the last two topics are quite scarce in current publications. It includes theoretical content that deals with useful topics in basic theory, material properties, failure mechanisms, EFA methodology, and applications. It provides high-quality illustrations throughout, which greatly helps to promote the understanding of the failure characteristics described. This book offers an integrated approach that serves as a useful first reference in the above topics, for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for practicing engineers. The book provides a hands-on approach to EFA, which helps the user to develop an understanding of potential failure situations, to explore the consequences, and to better understand how to solve similar problems; it also helps users to develop their own techniques for most other engineering failure problems. The authors include a section on technical report writing, which will assist failure investigators in getting their findings across. They also present simple engineering calculations that may serve as illustrative examples, and typical problems and solutions are included at the end of each chapter.

All aspects of our lives, industry, health, travel and leisure, are utterly reliant on rubber materials, yet typically this notion rarely occurs to us. Increasingly, greater demands are made on elastomeric compounds and we seek elevated performance in terms of improved physical and chemical properties. In particular, we have come to expect rubber components (tyres, vibration isolators, seals etc) to exhibit exceptional wear and fatigue resistance, often at elevated temperatures. Unsurprisingly then, the emphasis in characterising isochoric materials has shifted significantly away from understanding and modelling hyperelastic material behaviour, to a position where we can confi dently design and manufacture rubber components having the functionality and resilience to meet the dynamic loading and harsh environmental conditions that are prevalent today. In consequence, state-of-the-art technology in terms of dynamic response and fatigue resistance are strongly represented here along with numerous insights into advanced elastomers used in novel applications. This development is not at the expense of research devoted to current test procedures and the constitutive equations and algorithms that underpin finite element methods. As a result, Constitutive Models for Rubber VII is not only essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers working in the discipline, but also for all those designers and engineers involved in the improvement of machines and devices by introducing new and novel elastomers possessing elevated properties.

The subject of perturbation expansions is a powerful analytical technique which can be applied to problems which are too complex to have an exact solution - for example, calculating the drag of an aircraft in flight. These techniques can be used in place of complicated numerical solutions. In some areas such as boundary layers it provides the essential ideas of scaling of regions of rapid change which must be understood before an appropriate discretization can be constructed. The book is aimed at students in applied mathematics, engineering, industrial mathematics, fluid mechanics and computational mechanics.

The author offers practical coverage of vibration stresses and stress-induced displacements, isolation of sensitive components, and evaluation of elastic instability, fatigue and fracture as potential failure modes that arise in mechanical designs and aerospace. The approach taken is particularly useful in the early design stage - the physical problem is defined via known parameters, and a methodology is given for determining the unknown quantities and relating them to specified limiting values and failure modes to obtain an acceptable design. Many of the calculations can be performed on a PC or programmable calculator.