Hands-On Maintenance for Water/Wastewater Equipment deals with equipment maintenance as individual components, not as complete machines. This allows more information about the design, application and maintenance requirements of machinery to be presented. The text covers basic operating characteristics of machinery components, making it a valuable reference source as well as a training and maintenance manual. Written in easy-to-understand language, without complex formulas or technical theories, this text provides you with basic information to help you acquire a general understanding of how components function and how to keep equipment operating properly.

Shallow groundwater systems are important as a source of water, for sustenance of stream baseflow, and for wetland and riparian ecosystems. They are also central to waterlogging, and dryland and irrigation salinity problems. Response time to hydrologic change and pollutant loadings is fast among shallow aquifiers, and it is important that hydrogeologists and natural resource managers understand the unsaturated zone processes which links human activity at the soil surface and the underlying groundwater, and vice versa. This volume of papers explores practical aspects of soil and surface water interactions with groundwater, including modelling of flow and contaminant transport in the unsaturated and saturated zones.

For integrated water resources management both blue and green water resources in a river basin and their spatial and temporal distribution have to be considered. This is because green and blue water uses are interdependent. In sub-Saharan Africa, the upper landscapes are often dominated by rainfed and supplementary irrigated agriculture that rely on green water resources. Downstream, most blue water uses are confined to the river channels, mainly for hydropower and the environment. Over time and due to population growth and increased demands for food and energy, water use of both green and blue water has increased. This book provides a quantitative assessment of green-blue water use and their interactions. The book makes a novel contribution by developing a hydrological model that can quantify not only green but also blue water use by many smallholder farmers scattered throughout the landscape. The book provides an innovative framework for mapping ecological productivity where gross returns from water consumed in agricultural and natural vegetation are quantified. The book provides a multi-objective optimization analysis involving green and blue water users, including the environment. The book also assesses the uncertainty levels of using remote sensing data in water resource management at river basin scale.

Does participatory governance benefit the environment? The European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which came into force in 2000 with the aim of revolutionizing European water governance, mandates participatory river basin management planning across the European Union. The belief of European policymakers and the European Commission is that participation will deliver better policy outputs and implementation. This book examines a range of approaches to participatory river basin management planning, and considers whether and how participation impacted on the environmental standard of planning documents, quality of implementation, and social outcomes. It draws on evidence from WFD implementation in eight case studies from Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom on the basis of a matched comparative case study design. The Directive sets common timeframes and procedural requirements, which provides a perfect test-bed and unique opportunity to study the effects of participation on implementation and outcomes in comparative perspective.

The Environmental Management Revision Guide: For the NEBOSH Certificate in Environmental Management is the perfect revision aid for students preparing to take their NEBOSH Certificate in Environmental Management. As well as being a handy companion volume to Brian Waters' NEBOSH-endorsed textbook Introduction to Environmental Management, it will also serve as a useful aide-memoire for those in environmental management roles. The book aims to: Provide practical revision guidance and strategies for students Highlight the key information for each learning outcome of the current NEBOSH syllabus Give students opportunities to test their knowledge based on NEBOSH style questions and additional exercises Provide details of guidance documents publically available that students will be able to refer to. The revision guide is fully aligned to the current NEBOSH syllabus, providing complete coverage in bite-sized chunks, helping students to learn and memorise the most important topics. Throughout the book, the guide refers back to the Introduction to Environmental Management, helping students to consolidate their learning.

A hydroinformatics system represents an electronic knowledge encapsulator that models part of the real world and can be used for the simulation and analysis of physical, chemical and biological processes in water systems, in order to achieve a better management of the aquatic environment. Thus, modelling is at the heart of hydroinformatics. The theory of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and the extent to which recent improvements in the understanding of inherently nonlinear natural processes present challenges to the use of mathematical models in the analysis of water and environmental systems, are elaborated in this work. In particular, it demonstrates that the deterministic chaos present in many nonlinear systems can impose fundamental limitations on our ability to predict behaviour, even when well-defined mathematical models exist. On the other hand, methodologies and tools from the theory of nonlinear dynamics and chaos can provide means for a better accuracy of short-term predictions as demonstrated through the practical applications in this work.

Pathogen removal mechanisms in macrophyte and algal-based waste stabilization ponds were studied in Ghana and Colombia. The macrophytes used were water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and duckweeds (Lemna paucicostata and Spirodela polyrhiza). The selection of the species was based on economic importance and availability. Lemna was used during the initial investigations. However, Lemna could not withstand the ammonia levels in the wastewater used. Spirodela polyrhiza a rarer species in Ghana was therefore used in subsequent studies. The main mechanisms considered in this study were pH, protozoa predation and surface attachment. The microorganisms used were faecal bacteria namely; Escherichia coli, other coliforms, Salmonella sp., other enterobacteria, E. coli, ATCC13706 and enterococci. Studies were conducted using batch scale, continuous flow bench and pilot scale ponds. Results indicated in order of importance that long retention periods, attachment, sedimentation, predation and low pH are mechanisms in macrophyte ponds enhancing faecal bacteria removal, while in the algal ponds long retention periods, sunlight penetration, high pH, attachment and sedimentation are the mechanisms of importance in faecal bacteria removal. Presence of protozoa was also found to be important but true grazing studies could not be quantified. Dissolved oxygen did not play a major role in faecal bacteria removal.

This important new reference addresses the principles and calculations dealing with the hydraulics of water systems. Hydraulics for Operators includes what is necessary for a basic understanding of water and wastewater utility operations, and it emphasizes practical applications of these principles. This practical reference covers a wide variety of important subjects such as mass density and flow, pressure, open channel flow, pumping, friction loss, and flow measurement. Hydraulics for Operators is loaded with graphics, and sample exercises are included to ensure this new book is an easily understood reference. It is a must for your operator library.

The book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on groundwater governance, based on primary date that are very difficult to find in other literature. All chapters have a policy focus, making it a useful resource for policy makers.

Written by leading soil and ground-water remediation scientists, Handbook of Bioremediation presents information regarding the processes, application, and limitations of using remediation technologies to restore contaminated soil and ground water. It covers field-tested technologies, site characterization requirements for each remediation technology, and the costs associated with their implementation. In addition to discussions and examples of developed technologies, the book provides insights into technologies ranging from theoretical concepts to limited field-scale investigations. In situ remediation systems, air sparging and bioventing, the use of electron acceptors other than oxygen, natural bioremediation, and the introduction of organisms into the subsurface are among the specific topics covered in this invaluable handbook.

The International Conference on Hydrodynamics is an increasingly important event at which academics, researchers and practitioners can exchange new ideas and their research findings. This volume contains papers from the 2004 conference covering a wide range of subjects within hydrodynamics, including traditional engineering, architectural and mechanical issues as well as significant new technologies and methodologies such as bio-fluid mechanics and computational fluid mechanics.

This book examines the drivers for improved performance of the drinking water sector in Ghana by focussing on the role of the national macro-environment, water supply related organisations and institutions and the water service providers (urban and small towns). Political interference, which adversely affects the drinking water sector in both the urban and the small towns' water supply are described. The drinking water sector is gradually implementing aspects of the New Public Management (NPM) with the small towns' water sector ,ore advanced than the urban water sector. Water pricing in the dinking water sector is analysed and its particular implication on the urban poor is highlighted. The role of the policy, legal and regulatory environment in achieving universal service coverage in sustainable, effective, equitable and efficient manner is presented.

In this work, several modelling approaches are explored to represent spatial pattern dynamics of aquatic populations in aquatic ecosystems by the combination of models, knowledge and data in different scales. It is shown that including spatially distributed inputs retrieved from Remote Sensing images, a conventional physically-based Harmful Algal Bloom model can be enhanced. Also, Cellular Automata based models using high resolution photographs prove to be good in representing aquatic plant growth. Multi-Agent Systems can capture well the spatial patterns exhibited in GIS density maps. A synthesis modelling framework was developed to include biological/ecological growth and diffusive processes, and local effects in conventional modelling framework. The results of the complementary modelling paradigms investigated in this research can be of help in achieving a sustainable environmental management strategy.

This book presents practical hydraulic and river engineering research along with fluvial geomorphological concepts, and links the theoretical and practical knowledge of people working every day with rivers, streams, and hydraulic structures to fluvial geomorphology. Besides providing a guide for professionals, this book also provides material for students to acquire the knowledge and skills to rehabilitate rivers, streams, and waterways.

Whether you are a new employee or seasoned professional you need easy access to the latest test methods, updated quality control procedures, and calculations at your fingertips. You need to perform analyses quickly and easily and troubleshoot problems as they arise. You need a resource that is not only informative, but also practical and easy to use. Drinking Water Chemistry: A Laboratory Manual fills this need. The book gives you a thorough overview of the most basic, and therefore important, laboratory topics such as: Laboratory Safety - dos and don'ts based on real experience Sampling - preservation techniques, online sampling, and record keeping Laboratory Instruments - practical use ranges, principles of operation, calibration, conditioning, useful life and replacement, common quality control issues Chemical Use - reagents, standards, indicators, purpose and use, chemical quality and properties, avoidance of contamination, molecular weight calculations Quality Control - replicate analyses, spiked, split, and reference samples, percent recovery of standard, standard deviation, control charts, and everyday quality control measures Weights and Concentrations - care and analytical balances, mathematical conversions among concentration units, dilutions and concentration changes The remaining chapters cover test analysis including: reason for the test, type of sample taken, treatment plant control significance, expected range of results, appropriate quality control procedures, apparatus used, reagents, including function, concentration and instructions for preparation, procedural steps, calculations and notes on possible problems, and references. This is a working manual, meant to be kept by your side in the lab, not on the shelf in an office or library. You can bend it, you can lay it flat, you can take it anywhere you do your job.

@lt;P@gt;@lt;I@gt;Global Hydrology@lt;/I@gt; illustrates in detail the growing importance of understanding hydrological processes and pathways as a means of effective and safe management of water resources. It describes current management practices and past environmental impact. It analyses the options for improving water supply and protecting the environment, emphasizing the need for international collaboration in a changing societal and environmental context@lt;/P@gt;

Groundwater Geochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination examines the integral role geochemistry play s in groundwater monitoring and remediation programs, and presents it at a level understandable to a wide audience. Readers of all backgrounds can gain a better understanding of geochemical processes and how they apply to groundwater systems.

The text begins with an explanation of fundamental geochemical processes, followed by a description of the methods and tools used to understand and simulate them. The book then explains how geochemistry applies to contaminant mobility, discusses remediation system design, sampling program development, and the modeling of geochemical interactions. This clearly written guide concludes with specific applications of geochemistry to contaminated sites.

This is an ideal choice for readers who do not have an extensive technical background in aqueous chemistry, geochemistry, or geochemical modeling. The only prerequisite is a desire to better understand natural processes through groundwater geochemistry.

1. Provides cutting edge AI applications in water sector. 2. Highlights the environmental models used by experts in different countries. 3. Discusses various types of models using AI and its tools for achieving sustainable development in water and groundwater. 4. Includes case studies and recent research directions for environmental issues in water sector. 5. Addresses future aspects and innovation in AI field related to water sustainability.

This book is a collection of papers presented in the symposia, held in Beijing, on hydrogeology. The papers deal with different topics providing information on some problems on riverside groundwater, assessment of groundwater contamination, and groundwater protection strategy.

This volume presents the proceedings of Symposium on Marine Geology and Palaeoceanography of the 30th International Geological Congress at Beijing. The proceedings aim to present a view of contemporary marine geology and should be of interest to researchers in the geological science.

Tremendous improvements in ground-water sampling methodologies and analytical technologies have made it possible to collect and analyze truly representative samples to detect increasingly lower levels of contaminants-now in the sub-parts-per-billion range. Though these new methods produce more accurate and precise data and are less expensive, many companies and government agencies are reluctant to update their sampling protocols and regulations claiming the transition would be too costly. The Essential Handbook of Ground-Water Sampling clearly details the economic and scientific case for adopting these new methodologies. Citing examples of unnecessary expenditure due to the inaccuracy of out-dated techniques, the editors point out that the expense of making incorrect decisions based on poor quality samples clearly negates any savings that might be realized by using older, more inefficient, and effectively short-sighted, methods. Using numerous figures, tables, and references to recent research, the editors explain the efficiency of utilizing newer, more accurate, techniques that produce higher quality data. The text provides a detailed discussion of every aspect of ground-water sampling from the development of a sampling and analysis plan, through sample collection, pre-treatment, handling, shipping, and analysis, to the documentation, interpretation, and presentation of ground-water quality data. Successful sampling events and accurate data provide a sound foundation for making important, potentially expensive decisions regarding site monitoring, risk assessment, remediation, and closure. Armed with the information presented in this handbook, environmental professionals will be able to make sound technological and economic decisions regarding the choice of sampling equipment, methodologies, and procedures to meet their site-specific objectives and ensure the success of their ground-water sampling programs.

Sanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. With increased use and public awareness of this method of disposal, there is much concern with respect to the pollution potential of the landfill leachate. Depending on the composition and extent of decomposition of the refuse and hydrological factors, the leachate may become highly contaminated. As leachate migrates away from a landfill, it may cause serious pollution to the groundwater aquifer as well as adjacent surface waters. There is growing concern about surface and groundwater pollution from leachate. Better understanding and prediction of leachate generation, containment, and treatment are needed. This book contains a literature review of various methodologies that have been developed for prediction, generation, characterization, containment, control, and treatment of leachate from sanitary landfills. The contents of this book are divided into nine chapters. Each chapter contains theory and definition of the important design parameters, literature review, example calculations, and references. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic facts of solid waste problems current status and future trends towards waste reduction and recycling. Chapter 2 provides a general overview of municipal solid waste generation, collection, transport, resource recovery and reuse, and disposal options. The current status of sanitary landfill design and operation, problems associated with the landfilling, and future trends are presented in Chapter 3. Methods of enhanced stabilization, recycling landfill space, methane recovery, and above grade landfilling, and closure and post closure care of completed landfills are also discussed in detail. Chapter 4 provides a general overview of Subtitle D regulations and its impact upon sanitary landfilling practices. Chapter 5 is devoted entirely to moisture routing and leachate generation mechanisms.

Empowering people, reducing poverty, improving livelihoods and promoting economic growth, while at the ensuring sustainable ecosystems, requires local, appropriate and widely replicable solutions. In the search for these, poor sanitation and poor water supply are major drivers in cycles of disease, poverty and powerlessness which avoid people in developing nations to escape poverty. Sustainable water supply is not only a matter of groundwater and sanitation-technical solutions, but as much implies tackling major issues concerning hydro-social and public health components. The African continent, has lagged behind other regions in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in water supply and sanitation, and continues to be a much neglected water resource. This volume disseminates investigations and pointers towards achieving sustainable groundwater supplies in challenging local community environments across the African continent. The first part presents the search integrated water, sanitation, hygiene delivery and best implementation practice. The second part, through a variety of case studies, illustrates the current status and pitfalls that hydrogeologists experience and highlights the relevant challenges that especially Sub-Saharan Africa still faces in this battle. The chapters present the current situation, best practices, challenges identified and directions developed by the authors in their advancement towards comprehensive solutions. For anyone involved with the development of water supply and sanitation in developing countries.

The modeling tool is applied to address water management issues in the case study region (Sharm El Sheikh, South-Sinai, Egypt) that suffers from water shortage and that is located near a unique but sensitive marine environment of high ecological value. The main economic activity in the city is tourism.The modeling tool box is composed of five types of models depending on the specific site situations: water demand/need model, water supply model, wastewater reuse model, environmental model and economic model. The coupling of the models facilitates assessing different scenarios for integrated water resources management including different time-variant domestic and irrigation water demand, water supply options: long-distance piping and reverse osmosis desalination (RO), potable and non-potable water supply contracts between a hotel and a water company, optimum capacity and expansion for an RO desalination plants, renewable and non-renewable energy sources for RO desalination, and brine disposal options.