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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > The self, ego, identity, personality
Almost everything we do as humans is influenced by our personalities. The study of personalities has been a topic of great interest and debate from the earliest psychologists to present day researchers who specialize in applications of personality theory in the education and business worlds. This set of critical readings in personality theory brings together all the major contributions in the field. All the classical papers on the critical theories of personality are included, as well as more contemporary work on cross-cultural and social approaches. With an emphasis throughout on looking at the major issues in personality work, key topics covered include: how personality is defined; how personality can be measured; how different personalities interact; how personality work should be conducted; and how personality is applied in education, business and clinical settings. Central issues associated with personality, such as assessment, and topics allied to personality, such as motivation, nature versus nurture, expectancies and attributions, and the self are also addressed.
This book brings together the thinking of an international group of clinicians, researchers, and professionals from different disciplines and is based primarily on a selection of papers presented at a conference on the same topic held at the Tavistock Centre, London, in November 1996, but with additional original contributions. It presents a dialogue amongst the various perspectives that can be taken about atypical gender identity development and their relevance to mental health in children and adolescents. The book is for multidisciplinary professional readership and interested lay people.
Our lives are preoccupied with bodily maintenance. We spend many of our waking hours eating, exercising, washing, grooming and dressing in order to maintain our sense of self. What happens after major physical impairment? How do we relate to a damaged body? Wendy Seymour interviews men and women who have suffered profound bodily paralysis, and explores how they deal with their appearance, relationships, sexuality, incontinence and sport. She finds that even major impairment hasn't annihilated these people's experience of an embodied self. She shows that the process of self-reconstruction is interwoven with social expectations and argues that the experience of disability highlights the continuous work involved in embodiment for everyone.;The book contributes to the field of the sociology of the body. It is intended for rehabilitation professionals and students.
First Published in 1998. This is Volume I in the Sociology of Behaviour and Psychology series. This work was first written as a Ph..D. thesis and submitted to the University of Nottingham under the title 'Conscience and Psychopathy: an investigation into the nature and development of the conscience'. It explores the problems of definition and assessment as well as outlining the results of the assessments made from listening to forty tape-recorded interviews: twenty with subjects diagnosed as psychopaths and twenty with normal subjects, acting as a control group.
First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Many texts attempt to bridge theory and research. They include one
or two pages dealing with important theorists--Jung, Adler, Freud,
et al.--inserted into chapters focused on academic studies. In most
cases, the discussion fails to do justice to the theorists and the
relationship between the ideas and the empirical work is often
tenuous at best.
The fundamental issue of identity has been endlessly explored by philosophers, poets, priests, psychologists, and men and women generally. Whilst the question has stayed the same, the answers offered have changed over time. This book examines changing notions of selfhood from a historical perspective. The overarching perception of Rewriting the Self is that the received version of the 'ascent of Western man' needs to be rethought in the light of the critical cultural analyses of today. Rereadings are offered of classic texts like those of Descartes, but wider perspectives are also presented. These assess the discursive construction of the self in the light of political, technological and social changes.
The eighth Ontario Symposium brought together an international
group of scholars who work in the area of the psychology of values.
Among the categories these experts address are the
conceptualizations of values, value systems, and
value-attitude-behavior relations; methodological issues; the role
of values in specific domains, such as prejudice, commitment, and
deservingness; and the transmission of values through family,
media, and culture. Each chapter in the volume illustrates both the
diversity and vitality of research on the psychology of
values.
The topic of ego development developed when psychoanalysis did not
fulfill all the initial hopes during its early period of
prominence. Clinicians--psychiatrists, psychologists, social
workers, and counselors--realized that they needed to know more
than their patients' or clients' psychopathology or normalcy and
their psychosexual behavior and drives.
Recently, research on the ways in which goals, affect, and
self-regulation influence one another has enjoyed an upsurge. New
findings are being published and new theories are being developed
to integrate these findings. This volume reports on the latest of
this work, including a substantial amount of data and theory that
has not yet been published. Emanating from a conference exploring
affect as both a cause and effect in various social contexts, this
book examines some of the complex and reciprocal relationships
among goals, self structures, feelings, thoughts, and behavior. The
chapters address:
The concept of compensation in psychology refers to processes through which a gap or mismatch between current accessible skills and environmental demands is reduced or closed. These gaps can be principally the result of losses, such as those associated with aging or interpersonal role changes; injuries, such as those that may occur to the neurological or sensory systems; organic or functional diseases, such as the dementias or schizophrenia; and congenital deficits, such as those apparent in autism or some learning disabilities. Whether the demand-skill gaps can be bridged completely, reduced only moderately, or are impossible to close, depends on a variety of factors. In every case, however, the guiding notions of compensation are that: * some such deficits may be amendable, * the continuation of the effects of the gap may be avoidable, and * some functioning may be recoverable. In this sense, compensation is related to adaptation; it is about overcoming deficits, managing the effects of losses, and promoting improvement in psychological functioning. Compensation is a concept that has a long and rich history in numerous domains of psychological research and practice. To date, however, few of the relevant research domains have benefitted explicitly or optimally from considering alternative perspectives on the concept of compensation. Although researchers and practitioners in several areas of psychology have actively pursued programs with compensation as a central concept, communication across disciplinary divides has been lacking. Comparing and contrasting the uses and implications of the concept across neighboring (and even not-so-adjacent) areas of psychology can promote advances in both theoretical and practical pursuits. The goal of this book is to carry inchoate integrative efforts to a new level of clarity. To this end, the editors have recruited major authors from selected principal areas of research and practice in psychological compensation. The authors review the current state of compensation scholarship in their domains of specialization. State-of-the-art reviews of this rapidly expanding area of scholarship are, therefore, collected under one cover for the first time. In this way, a wide variety of readers who might otherwise rarely cross professional paths with one another, can quickly learn about alternative preferences, agendas and methods, as well as novel research results, interpretations, and practical applications. Designed to contain broad, deep, and current perspectives on compensation, this volume continues the processes of: * explicating the concept of compensation; * linking and distinguishing compensation from neighboring concepts; * describing the variety of compensatory mechanisms operating in a wide range of phenomena; and * illustrating how compensatory mechanisms can be harnessed or trained to manage losses or deficits and to promote gains or at least maintenance of functioning.
This book offers a much-needed practical and conceptual guide for various pro-environmental behaviors. Written by an expert in both the environmental psychology and engineering fields, the book presents an overview of various pro-environmental behaviors (Chapter 1), the psychological background of behaviors (Chapters 2 and 3), how to survey and understand pro-environmental behaviors using questionnaires (Chapter 4) and how to know the actual environmental burdens derived by each behavior using life-cycle assessment (LCA) (Chapter 5), and measures to foster the behaviors and selected case studies for practitioners (Chapter 6). Readers will find Chapters 1, 4, and 5 particularly unique and useful; they provide an overview of many environmental behaviors and also the practical academic tools for analyzing environmental behaviors, such as questionnaire procedures, questions lists ("scales" in psychology), statistical tools, software, LCA methodologies, and databases. The book addresses the needs of academics and practitioners and is well suited as a textbook and reference guide for those studying or working in environmental engineering (systematic research), social psychology (environmental psychology), environmental education, and sustainability science. Policymakers will find the questionnaire list useful, as it can help them to grasp citizens' environmental concerns and actual behaviors. The behavior list and LCA can be used to make manuals or guidelines for citizens to enhance environmental behaviors, and the case studies provide an informative basis for designing programs and workshops for citizens. Although the field of "pro-environmental behaviors" has been intensively dealt with by European researchers, their approaches have largely been limited to psychological viewpoints and program (education) development through small case studies. Further, the target behaviors are often limited to recycling and energy/water savings. In contrast, this book provides the first introduction to pro-environmental behaviors as a whole. As pro-environmental behaviors have become increasingly important not only in developed but also in developing countries, this publication represents a timely resource for the growing number of researchers exploring pro-environment behaviors.
The "Advances in Personality Assessment Series" began in the early
1980s to facilitate the rapid dissemination of important new
developments in theory and research on all aspects of personality
assessment. Impressed with the extensive research on test
development and validation that was going on at that time, the
editors were concerned with the limited publication resources
devoted to personality assessment. With this series, they hoped to
provide a publication opportunity and resource for reports of
personality assessment research and/or clinical practice that might
not conveniently fit in journal format because of length, focus, or
content.
Donald W. Fiske's professional life and collaborations are
themselves a textbook in the development of the field of
personality. From the field's early origins in personnel selection,
rating accuracy, and psychotherapy outcomes, to its current status
of theoretical and methodological maturity -- complete with
mid-life crises -- the field has been fundamentally changed by
Fiske's work, and the changes have influenced generations of
scholars.
This book is the first to bring together researchers in individual
differences in personality and temperament to explore whether there
is any unity possible between the temperament researchers of
infancy and childhood and the major researchers in adult
personality. Prior to the workshop which resulted in this volume,
the existing literature seemed to document a growing consensus on
the part of the adult personality researchers that five major
personality dimensions -- the "Big Five" -- might be sufficient to
account for most of the important variances in adult individual
differences in personality. In contrast to this accord, the
literature on child and infant individual differences seemed to
offer a wide variety of opinions regarding the basic dimensions of
difference in personality or temperament. The editors believed that
they could encourage researchers from both the adult and child
areas to consider the importance of a lifespan conceptualization of
individual differences by discussing their research in terms of a
continuity approach.
"Foreign Bodies" analyzes how our culture elaborates for us the
bodies we have by natural evolution. Calling on the new means
contemporary thinkers have used to understand the body, Alphonso
Lingis explores forms of power, pleasure and pain, and libidinal
identity.
Assessments by psychologists, educators, and other human-service professionals too often end with the client being reported in terms of scores, bell-shaped curves, traits, psychodynamic forces, or diagnostic labels. Individualizing Psychological Assessment uses these classification devices in ways that facilitate returning from them to the individual's life, both during the assessment session and in written reports. The book presents an approach and procedures through which a person's actual life becomes the subject matter of assessment. Thoroughly revised from the previous edition, the book presents a wide range of concrete examples and illustrative cases that will serve both students and practicing professionals alike in individualizing assessments.
This book presents state-of-the-art information on both the
scientific and clinical aspects of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial
Inventory, a test that uniquely assesses both personality pathology
and psychopathology. The book presents original contributions from
major researchers/clinicians who have published seminal papers on
the MCMI and who are recognized authorities in their specific
areas. Clinical examples of the MCMI with a variety of clinical
populations are provided, and many chapters summarize the research
in that area as well as present clinical illustrations of the MCMI
with actual cases.
This volume contains an array of essays that reflect, and reflect
upon, the recent revival of scholarly interest in the self and
consciousness. Various relevant issues are addressed in
conceptually challenging ways, such as how consciousness and
different forms of self-relevant experience develop in infancy and
childhood and are related to the acquisition of skill; the role of
the self in social development; the phenomenology of being
conscious and its metapsychological implications; and the cultural
foundations of conceptualizations of consciousness. Written by
notable scholars in several areas of psychology, philosophy,
cognitive neuroscience, and anthropology, the essays are of
interest to readers from a variety of disciplines concerned with
central, substantive questions in contemporary social science, and
the humanities.
In keeping with the goals of this series, which are to facilitate
the rapid dissemination of important new developments in theory and
research on all aspects of personality assessment, the eight
chapters in this volume examine a wide range of topics. These
include research investigations and clinical applications involving
traditional assessment techniques -- such as the Rorschach and the
MMPI-2 -- and promising but less known procedures. Specific topics
examined in the individual chapters range from the assessment of
appreciation of humor to assessment of marital distress. A review
of the contents of this volume once again demonstrates the
diversity in assessment philosophy, theoretical orientation, and
research methodology that characterizes the field of personality
assessment.
Goldberg uses the questions posed by self psychology as point of entry to a thoughtful consideration of issues with which every clinician wrestles: the scientific status analysis, the relationships among its competing theories, the role of empathy in analytic method, and the place of the "self" in the analyst's explanatory strategies. Clinical chapters show how the notion of the self can provide organizing insights into little-appreciated character structures.
First published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
First published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This volume presents a new conceptualization of personality and
social cognition that addresses both traditional and new issues.
Written for students of personality, experimental and consumer
psychology and cognitive science.
This collection of "comparisons and contrasts" explores Heinz Kohut's self psychology in relation to a wide-ranging group of modern thinkers, both inside and outside of analysis. Separate sections analyze self psychology alongside Freud and the first generation of psychoanalytic dissidents; British object relations theorists; and contemporary theorists like Kernberg, Mahler, Lacan, and Masterson. |
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