Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs.

As the air travel industry begins to emerge from the COVID-19 restrictions, new research must be undertaken to survey the changing business landscape. This book examines existing air travel literature, illustrates the current theories in the field, and suggests research methods for integrating them in fieldwork. The book begins by surveying the landscape of air travel research and examining key theoretical frameworks such as grounded theory, institutional theory, prospect theory and the theory of planned behaviour. It then explores when qualitative and quantitative research methods are appropriate for use in air travel research, and how they can be applied successfully. Gathered contributors from Southeast Asia and the Middle East highlight some of the latest issues, including the impacts of COVID-19 on air freight, airline catering, and passenger perceptions of security and safety. Future directions for research are also proposed. This book will appeal to researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of air transport or aviation management, tourism marketing, and consumer behaviour.

Cruise tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors worldwide. This book is the first of its kind to provide in-depth insights into the emergence of mega-cruise tourism in destinations on the Arabian Peninsula and its impacts on local communities, their spaces, cultures, identities and tourist experiences. It offers a micro-sociological analysis, calling for holistic, participatory, mindful approaches and to rethink current exploitative tourism planning and development. It assumes a high political, social and economic importance within globalization. It draws on a long-term field study in an under-researched region in Asia that developed large-scale tourism recently to diversify the economy. The book provides insights on the destination development from a state of continuous growth to a sudden fall in tourism activities due to a sudden shock, caused by the global health pandemic and its resilience. It explores the sociocultural, economic and spatial challenges faced in international tourism development and its power relations analysed from different perspectives and within time. It analyses time-space compression, overtourism, urban tourism, nature-based tourism, enclavization, social capital, imaginaries, Cultural Ecosystem Services, slow tourism as well as just tourism. The book provides an innovative contribution to the planning and development of tourism destinations, communities and their spaces in which tourism operates in a fast pace. It will be of interest to academics, undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of tourism and hospitality management, geography, sociology, anthropology, urban planning and environmental sciences. Moreover, the book will be useful for practitioners and policymakers around the globe, as well as all those interested in the fast emergence and the impacts of mega-cruise tourism.

Yohei Sasakawa The Northern Sea Route is the shortest shipping route connecting the Far East and Europe. However, the route has been practically inaccessible to commercial vessels, due to the harsh natural conditions in the area, which make navigation possible for only a small part of the year, and then only with an icebreaker leading the way. Opening the Northern Sea Route would greatly facilitate international shipping, making two routes - a northbound one through the NSR, and a southbound one through Suez- available throughout all seasons. The Northern Sea Route would also help to boost economic development, including the exploitation of natural resources in Russian regions along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Thanks to international cooperation, we have been able to set up and successfully conclude a special project to investigate the possibilities of developing the Northern Sea Route as a commercial route, while protecting the environment, wildlife and peoples of the Arctic Ocean region. This represents a highly significant step in terms of future global development.

Recognising the fundamental role both of shipping communities and the technologies crafted and shared by them, this book explores the types of ships, methods of navigation and modes of water-borne trade in the Indian Ocean region and the way they affected the development of distinctive settlements against a changing but strong sense of regional consciousness and identity.

A survey of the development of the automobile industry from its origins to the present in a perspective informed by current upheavals in markets, technology and work organization. The volume examines the international diffusion of the Fordist model, Fordism being the manufacture of standardized products using special-purpose machinery and unskilled labour. The book goes on to consider how far the recent changes in the industry mark a break with Fordism and draws on the implications for industrial relations and trade union strategy.

In the industrial world, companies are always seeking competitive advantages to sustain themselves in the globalized market. A supply chain is one of these improvements that managers implement in order to stay ahead of the competition. However, certain methods of supply chains add risks such as the addition of costs, possible accidents, and economic losses. Because of this, companies are looking for techniques in which to progress their supply chain execution. The Handbook of Research on Industrial Applications for Improved Supply Chain Performance is a pivotal reference source that identifies techniques, tools, and methodologies that can improve supply chain performance and enable businesses to generate a competitive advantage in the globalized market. While highlighting topics such as material flow, route optimization, and green distribution, this publication is ideally designed for managers, executives, logistics engineers, production managers, warehouse operations managers, board directors, consultants, analysts, inventory control managers, researchers, academicians, industrial and managerial professionals, practitioners, and students looking to improve costs and quality of supply chains.

This volume explores the governance patterns of three cities of the Americas, Seattle, Montreal, and Curitiba, which all present different but interesting cases in dealing with sustainable urban transport challenges. The authors study empirical data from these three cities to analyze how specific governmental and policy instruments (planning, consultation and market mechanisms for example) were implemented in each case. Through concepts coming from policy studies and sociology, for example, such as path dependency, institutional culture and transaction costs, the three cities are also looked at in a broader perspective in order to better understand how they deal differently with their common challenges.

The Routledge Handbook of Urban Logistics offers a state of the art, comprehensive overview of the discipline of urban and city logistics. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in internet shopping in particular has placed new demands on urban logistics which require innovative technological and policy responses. Similarly, the necessity for sustainable urban logistics offers both a challenge and opportunity for development and seeks to address traffic congestion, local air quality, traffic related degradation, the use of energy, safety aspects and noise. Featuring contributions from world-leading, international scholars, the chapters examine concepts, issues and ideas across six topic areas that reflect the increasingly diverse nature of current research and thinking in urban logistics: key features of urban logistics, freight transport, sectors in urban logistics, technical aspects, policy, and environmental and social sustainability. Each chapter provides an overview of current knowledge, identifies issues, discusses the relevant debates in urban logistics and the future research agenda. This handbook offers a single repository on the current state of knowledge, written from a practical perspective, utilising theory that is applied and developed using real-work examples. It is an essential reference for researchers, academics and students working in all areas of urban logistics, from policy and planning to technology and sustainability, in addition to industry practitioners looking to develop their professional knowledge.

The privatisation of the British railway industry was a unique political and economic event. An integrated industry was broken-up into numerous component parts and sold off to private sector interests. The result was a highly fragmented industry that was structurally unsound and operationally dysfunctional. This authoritative volume presents an enlightening portrait of an industry that is less efficient, more costly and still more dependent on state subsidy today than its nationalised predecessor. The nine chapters in this work present a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of how and why the industry has become so dysfunctional and costly, supported by detailed financial analysis and industry examples. Seven chapters comprise a series of peer-reviewed academic papers by Professor McCartney and Dr Stittle and published in leading international journals over the period 2004–2017 which analyse selected key segments of the privatised industry: where appropriate, updates are provided at the end of these chapters outlining developments since initial publication relevant to the analysis therein. Two chapters are published here for the first time: Chapter 7 reviews the performance of the freight sector, while Chapter 1 ‘bookends’ the volume by providing first, an account of how rail privatisation was conceived and implemented in the 1980s/90s, and then reviews the impact of the pandemic and the proposals of the Williams-Shapps White Paper of 2021 which, if enacted, will effectively end the Major government’s experiment. Going far beyond the usual superficial analysis of the topic, this volume will be of significant interest to researchers and advanced students of accounting, economics, business history, transport studies, as well as industry and specialised business interests in transport and privatisation.

This accessible reference introduces firefighting and fire safety systems on ships and is written in line with the IACS Classification Rules for Firefighting Systems. It covers the design, construction, use and maintenance of firefighting and fire safety systems, with cross references to the American Bureau of Shipping rules and various Classification Society regulations which pertain to specific Classification Society rules. Focuses on basic principles in line with current practice Aimed at non-specialists The book suits professional seafarers, students, and cadets, as well as leisure sailors and professionals involved in the logistics industry. It is also particularly useful for naval architects, ship designers, and engineers who need to interpret the Class rules when developing shipboard firefighting systems.

A true revolution has rocked the space industry, as Silicon Valley and new startup companies around the world have shaken up the status quo. This has in turn triggered a hefty response among traditional aerospace companies, launching the sector into the new Space 2.0. This book explains how and why this remarkable change has happened, starting from the industry's origins during the Space Age and working its way to the present day. No other industry in the world has experienced the dramatic shift in technology and services as rapidly as the field of satellite services and rocket launch systems has. This book analyzes the dynamic shift over the past decade in how satellites are designed, manufactured, launched, and operated. It also turns an eye to the future, discussing the amazing feats and potential issues we can expect from this shifting arena by 2030. With its beginner-friendly writing style and plethora of illustrations, this book serves as a perfect introductory text to students and professionals alike wishing to learn more about the key trends in the field of space applications and launch systems.

This book looks at the latest advances in autonomous driving, demonstrating that a future once considered science fiction is now close at hand. Acceptance of driverless cars relies on more than just the technology that delivers it; in this book the authors consider the shift in attitudes required for social acceptance and a move towards considering cars one aspect of a wider mobility solution. In addition, a clear demand is arising from gridlocked megacities across the globe. Autonomous driving offers a solution for the high pollution levels and management of the transport infrastructure where current methods are proving insufficient in places of high population density. Having highlighted the need for driverless cars, the book concludes with an ambitious agenda to ensure the successful delivery of autonomous driving. Political requirements, including investment in a new infrastructure and a commitment to collaboration across borders factors in the ten-point plan for governments seeking to establish international leaders in the latest advances in mobility services. From ethical considerations in the programming of automated driving procedures to changes in attitudes towards car ownership and design, this title is a comprehensive look at the latest revolution in mobility.

This volume is based on selected papers presented at the triennial IATBR (International Association for Travel Behavior Research) conference in August 2003. We also published the previous four volumes in this series (by Hensher, Mahmassani, Ortuzar, Stopher); the Hensher volume included a paper by Nobel Prizewinner Dan McFadden and sold out its initial printrun.

Decision-making on outsourcing new product development (especially innovation projects), such as engaging and managing the supply chain, is far from easy. It may involve addressing strategic and operational risks that might cause longer development times and increase innovations costs. It is, therefore, imperative to select suppliers very carefully and set up an effective management strategy vis-à-vis the supply partners right from the inception phase. Supply chain management is facing enormous challenges, driven by interrelated disruptions that will have a vast and lasting impact. Based on a relevant case study, Boeing 787 Dreamliner programme, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of the decision-making models for outsourcing strategic activities. The proposed model suggests a valuable approach to outsourcing the decision-making strategies for new product development when the innovation is driven by technological innovation.

Polymer Composites in the Aerospace Industry, Second Edition, summarizes the latest research and developments on the design, manufacture and performance of composite components for aerospace structures. Sections cover the modeling, structure and behavior of 2D and 3D woven composites, the manufacture processes used for composite materials and components, buckling and compressive strength of laminates and manufacturing defects in composite materials, aspects of composite performance in aerospace structural design, including chapters on modeling stiffness and strength of structural elements, fatigue under uniaxial and multiaxial loads, fracture mechanics, impact strength and fatigue, crashworthiness, design and failure analysis of bolted joints, and much more. This updated edition is an essential reference resource for engineers, scientists and designers working in the development of composite materials in aerospace applications.

aDebunks popular myths that portray the profession as glamorous, exotic, and sexually freeing by taking readers through a typical journey; with interviews and profiles of flight attendants.a
--"Foreword"

aIn Working the Skies, Whitelegg takes the interviews and study of a multitude of flight attendants and creates a readable, enjoyable tale of the perils and possibilities flight attendants face.a
--"Feminist Review"

aBut mythological astewsa--young women living a life of sex, drugs and never-ending voyage--is a far cry from the well documented realities presented in Whiteleggas new book. . . . Using a series of interviews and focus groups with flight attendants of all ages, Whitelegg charts the arc of a profession barely seven decades old.a
--"Dallas Morning News"

aA balanced inquiry into the lives of these long-overlooked professionals...Sharing a wealth of interesting, entertaining, and dramatic anecdotes...Rich enough to satisfy the most curious reader.a
--"Booklist"

aWhile also providing some history, Whitelegg mostly takes a contemporary look at the lives of flight attendants, drawn from interviews with over 60 current and former flight attendants and other airline workers. . . . Whitelegg's observations and use of candid, day-in-the-life snapshots are interesting.a
--"Library Journal"

aA fascinating study that draws on the voices of flight attendants to poignantly reveal the changing nature of this 24/7 occupation. After reading this important book, one will find it difficult to observe flight attendants without concern for the vulnerability of their careers and for the complex ways they juggle space and time along with work and family. A greatread.a
--Harriet B. Presser, author of "Working in a 24/7 Economy: Challenges for American Families"

"A well-written and thorough treatment of the occupational demands and biography of the flight attendant. Working the Skies describes both how the work shapes the personal lives of those in the profession, as well as how work can be 'chosen' in an effort to craft a particular kind of life. The book also illustrates how the process of globalization has moved the profession 'backwards' in terms of working conditions and compensation-challenges faced by workers in numerous other professions."
--Veronica Jaris Tichenor, author of "Earning More And Getting Less"

Get ready for takeoff. The life of the flight attendant, a.k.a., stewardess, was supposedly once one of glamour, exotic travel and sexual freedom, as recently depicted in such films as "Catch Me If You Can" and "View From the Top," The nostalgia for the beautiful, carefree and ever helpful stewardess perhaps reveals a yearning for simpler times, but nonetheless does not square with the difficult, demanding and sometimes dangerous job of today's flight attendants. Based on interviews with over sixty flight attendants, both female and male labor leaders, and and drawing upon his observations while flying across the country and overseas, Drew Whitelegg reveals a much more complicated profession, one that in many ways is the quintessential job of the modern age where life moves at record speeds and all that is solid seems up in the air.

Containing lively portraits of flight attendants, both current and retired, this book is the first to show the intimate, illuminating, funny, and sometimes dangerous behind-the-scenes storiesof daily life for the flight attendant. Going behind the curtain, Whitelegg ventures into first-class, coach, the cabin, and life on call for these men and women who spend week in and week out in foreign cities, sleeping in hotel rooms miles from home. Working the Skies also elucidates the contemporary work and labor issues that confront the modern worker: the demands of full-time work and parenthood; the downsizing of corporate America and the resulting labor lockouts; decreasing wages and hours worked; job insecurity; and the emotional toll of a high stress job. Given the events of 9/11, flight attendants now have an especially poignant set of stressful concerns to manage, both for their own safety as well as for those they serve, the passengers. Flight attendants, originally registered nurses charged with attending to passengers' medical needs, now find themselves wearing the hats of therapist, security guard and undercover agent. This last set of tasks pushing some, as Whitelegg shows, out of the business altogether.

Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis Recent Advances and Challenges presents the latest developments in transport simulation, including dynamic network simulation and micro-simulation of people 's movement in an urban area. It offers a collection of the major simulation models that are now in use throughout the world; it illustrates each model in detail, examines potential problems, and points to directions for future development. The reader will be able to understand the functioning, applicability, and usefulness of advanced transport simulation models. The material in this book will be of wide use to graduate students and practitioners as well as researchers in the transportation engineering and planning fields.

This textbook is designed for undergraduate students studying airspace engineering, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students studying air transport management. It will also be very helpful for the training of air traffic control officers. The textbook does not require any prior (specialist) knowledge as it is an introduction to the Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) business. There is very little literature available that gives a detailed appreciation of the complexities, potential risks and issues associated with the provision of air navigation services. The role of this textbook is to fill this significant gap with a comprehensive, in-depth study of the management principles related to Air Navigation Service Providers. This is particularly timely given recent ATC developments in Europe, USA, and New Zealand. Airlines and airports rely on the Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) for the management of air traffic. Hence, Air Navigation Services (ANS) provision is considered as a core element for air transportation. This textbook addresses each of the Air Navigation Services' five broad categories of services provided to air traffic during all phases of operation: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Communication services, Navigation services and Surveillance services (CNS), Meteorological services for air navigation (MET), Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) and Search and Rescue (SAR). This textbook is designed for undergraduate students studying airspace engineering and undergraduate and postgraduate students studying air transport management. It will also be very helpful for the training of air traffic control officers. The textbook does not require any prior (specialist) knowledge as it is an introduction book to the Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) business.

- Offers a factual in-depth analysis of the VFH market, without bias, to inform the practitioner and seeks to provoke further discussion amongst the academic community. - Illuminates the current situation surrounding the for-hire industry, and its dominance by a few large players such as Uber, Lyft and Didi Chuxing, and offers insights into the future of this fast-moving sector. - A unique examination conducted by renowned experts, relevant to all global markets.

Airline Operations and Management: A Management Textbook presents a survey of the airline industry, with a strong managerial perspective. It integrates and applies the fundamentals of several management disciplines, particularly operations, marketing, economics and finance, to develop a comprehensive overview. It also provides readers with a solid historical background, and offers a global perspective of the industry, with examples drawn from airlines around the world. Updates for the second edition include: Fresh data and examples A range of international case studies exploring real-life applications New or increased coverage of key topics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, state aid, and new business models New chapters on fleet management and labor relations and HRM Lecture slides for instructors This textbook is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of airline management, but it should also be useful to entry and junior-level airline managers and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge of the industry beyond their functional area.

No other book has addressed the subject of the regulation of international air transport in this way Acceptable to academics but also readable by a wider audience Frames the legal history of airline regulation within the wider historical context

Maritime Cargo Operations presents the core concepts of cargo work for marine engineering students and cadets. It is built around the essential principles of the maritime profession and is a valuable guide to a broad range of key subject areas in the safe carriage, handling, stowage and securing of cargo, and cargo watches in port. It contributes to a sound understanding of cargo operations for a future career in the profession, as well as offering a general overview for deck officers. Gives an overview of the key areas in cargo operations work. Includes structured Learning Outcomes and self-test questions for each subject area to assist readers in evaluating their understanding. The book suits merchant navy cadets at Higher National Certificate (HNC), and Higher National Diploma (HND), and foundation degree level in both the deck and engineering branches, and also serves as a general reference for maritime professionals.

This comprehensive two-volume collection provides a selection of key writings on the economics of transport published since 1990. Topics covered include transport, economic activity and the spatial economy; demand and activity-based approaches; costs, scale and scope; external costs, efficiency and the wider impacts of transport; and competition and regulation. Along with a new and original introduction, the editor has brought together 59 seminal papers which demonstrate a continuing vitality in transport economics research. This set of papers will be a valuable aid to all involved in transport research and provide encouragement to advanced students of the many unresolved issues needing further study.

Accessible, friendly style, accentuating real-life experiences and ground-level practicalities for those already working within or hoping for a career in the business of air logistics. Packed with personal reports from global industry leaders for revealing insights into the industry and a rounded understanding. Addresses the reality of the impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and adds new content focusing on security and crime, the role of airports and road feeder services, and the range of typical air cargo products.