Based on the work of Poly5, or the Mediterranean Corridor, mega-transport infrastructure project, this ground-breaking reference explains how and why traditional top-down government-defined transport planning policies are failing, due to their tendency to eschew acknowledgement of profoundly multifarious local and regional issues. The authors use cognitive reports from the Mediterranean Corridor experience as a learning platform, unpacking the tangled sources of the challenges faced to find firm ground from which to embark upon future projects. They propose the replacement of the current fragmented and unbalanced implementation efforts across various territories with a bottom-up, holistic, inclusive approach in which individual territories and regions have buy-in from the outset, a chance to bring their strengths to bear on the broader infrastructural planning, an ongoing communication channel to report and tackle difficulties and clear, strategic directives to drive sustainable future growth of environmentally desirable and practical mega-transport systems.

Focusing on technical, policy and social/societal practices and innovations for electrified transport for personal, public and freight purposes, this book provides a state-of-the-art overview of developments in e-mobility in Europe and the West Coast of the USA. It serves as a learning base for further implementing and commercially developing this field for the benefit of society, the environment and public health, as well as for economic development and private industry. A fast-growing, interdisciplinary sector, electric mobility links engineering, infrastructure, environment, transport and sustainable development. But despite the relevance of the topic, few publications have ever attempted to document or promote the wide range of electric mobility initiatives and projects taking place today. Addressing this need, this publication consists of case studies, reports on technological developments and examples of successful infrastructure installation in cities, which document current initiatives and serve as an inspiration for others.

A provocative look at our nation's dependency on the automobile and how its potential impact on urban design will either make or break our health, economy, and quality of life. In this thought-provoking work, author and urban planning expert Chad Frederick scrutinizes the use of automobiles in cities, investigating its role in exacerbating urban inequalities and thwarting sustainability of modern society. Through a comprehensive, thoughtful discussion, Frederick illustrates how the automobile is fundamentally at odds with the very nature of cities. He shows how cars impose huge burdens on our health, equity, environment, local and national economy, and quality of life. Most of all, he shows how automobile dependency has put our entire society at risk. The book delves into the monumental role of automobiles in the development of cities after the Great Depression, impacting the American identity and affecting the way we produce and manage urban spaces. Frederick provides compelling evidence that cities with more diverse modes of transportation are greener, healthier, more prosperous, and even more enjoyable places to live than automobile-dependent cities. He identifies one institution responsible for our inability to improve our cities: the social sciences, and examines the root cause of our inability to make progress toward more multi-modal cities. In conclusion, the author offers a radical solution for moving beyond the underlying logic that forces us to create automobile-dependent cities. Shows how automobiles in urban areas harm health, economy, and society overall Explains why some are opposing the movement toward more multi-modal cities and why 40 years of research in this area has not resulted in better cities Explores how automobile dependency exerts enormous power over our daily lives by shaping the kind and quality of our social interactions, and by influencing our civic attitudes and worldviews Illustrates the broad impacts of automobile use that reach into every aspect of modern life: from public health and income inequality, to environmental quality and quality of life

Increasing pressure on global reserves of petroleum at a time of growing demand for personal transport in
developing countries, together with concerns over atmospheric pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, are
leading to a requirement for more sustainable forms of road transport. Major improvements in the efficiency
of all types of road vehicles are called for, along with the use of fuels derived from alternative sources, or
entirely new fuels. "Towards Sustainable Road Transport" first describes the evolution of vehicle designs and
propulsion technologies over the past two centuries, before looking forward to possible new forms of energy
to substitute for petroleum. The book also discusses the political and socio-economic drivers for change,
investigates barriers to their broad implementation, and outlines the state-of-the-art of candidate power
sources, advanced vehicle design, and associated infrastructure. The comprehensive technical information
supplied by an expert author team ensures that "Towards Sustainable Road Transport" will provide readers
with a clear understanding of the ongoing progress in this field and the challenges still to be faced.
Drivers of technological change in road transport and the infrastructure requirementsDiscussion of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines and fuel conversion technologiesDetailed exploration of current and emerging options for vehicle propulsion, with emphasis on hybrid/
battery electric traction, hydrogen, and fuel cellsComparative analysis of vehicle design requirements, primary power source efficiency, and energy storage
systems

This book presents a history of roundabouts, an introduction to their design, calculations of their capacity and traffic-safety features. It describes the key features of standard roundabouts and their limitations. Alternative types of roundabouts are a fairly recent development and have only been implemented in a few countries to date. The book illustrates a broad variety of these recent alternative types of roundabouts, as well as proposed types still in the development phase, explaining for each the specific needs it meets, its advantages and drawbacks. In closing, the book offers an outlook on the role of roundabouts in future street traffic.

This authored monograph covers a viability to approach to traffic management by advising to vehicles circulated on the network the velocity they should follow for satisfying global traffic conditions;. It presents an investigation of three structural innovations: The objective is to broadcast at each instant and at each position the advised celerity to vehicles, which could be read by auxiliary speedometers or used by cruise control devices. Namely, 1. Construct regulation feedback providing at each time and position advised velocities (celerities) for minimizing congestion or other requirements. 2. Taking into account traffic constraints of different type, the first one being to remain on the roads, to stop at junctions, etc. 3. Use information provided by the probe vehicles equipped with GPS to the traffic regulator; 4. Use other global traffic measures of vehicles provided by different types of sensors; These results are based on convex analysis, intertemporal optimization and viability theory as mathematical tools as well as viability algorithms on the computing side, instead of conventional techniques such as partial differential equations and their resolution by finite difference or finite elements algorithms. The target audience primarily covers researchers and mathematically oriented engineers but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

In order to build a sustainable transport system for people and goods that meets the needs of all users, a truly integrated and seamless approach is needed, and the full potential of transformative technologies has to be exploited. This can only be achieved if user-centeredness, cross-modality and technology transfer become the paradigm of shaping future transport. Mobility4EU is a project funded by the European Commission that focusses on these topics and is working on delivering an action plan towards a user-centric and cross-modal European transport system in 2030. The authors of this contributed volume are dedicated scholars and practitioners connected to Mobility4EU either as partners or external contributors. Their contributions focus on understanding user needs and report on technologies and approaches that support the tailoring of a user-centered cross-modal transport system for passengers and freight on long distances and in the urban context.

This book discusses the economics of transport infrastructure and the economic theorizing around transport infrastructure from 1850 to today. Transport infrastructure systems are continuously evolving over time. Since the mid-1800s these systems have grown in complexity and outreach. They have been important drivers of economic development but have also been important as economic agents in themselves. Over time transport infrastructure systems have taken on different functions as providers of simpler transport services or more developed value chain components. Transport infrastructure has also been a source for different arguments about economic theory and practice. Transport infrastructure systems are analysed from an institutional perspective where the long-term development of the ownership and financing of the systems, as well as the connection to different policy areas are elaborated. A longitudinal study of Sweden's transport infrastructure policy is used to exemplify driving factors causing change and transformation of the systems over time with different scale and scope.

Delivering a sustainable transport system is not just a matter of adopting a number of technological innovations to improve performance in terms of people, planet, and profits. A broader structural and societal transition is needed in technology, as well as in institutions, behavioural patterns, and the economy as a whole. In this broader view, neither the free market nor the public sector will be the unique key player in making this transition happen. Elements of such an approach are presented in this book in a number of domains: integrating transport infrastructure and land use planning, thus connecting fields that are rather unconnected in day-to-day policies; experiments with dynamic transport optimization, including reports on pilot projects to test the viability of transitions; towards reliable transport systems, describing a reversal from supply-driven towards demand-driven approaches; and sustainable logistics and traffic management, from 'local' city distribution to global closed supply chain loops.

The quantity, diversity and availability of transport data is increasing rapidly, requiring new skills in the management and interrogation of data and databases. Recent years have seen a new wave of 'big data', 'Data Science', and 'smart cities' changing the world, with the Harvard Business Review describing Data Science as the "sexiest job of the 21st century". Transportation professionals and researchers need to be able to use data and databases in order to establish quantitative, empirical facts, and to validate and challenge their mathematical models, whose axioms have traditionally often been assumed rather than rigorously tested against data. This book takes a highly practical approach to learning about Data Science tools and their application to investigating transport issues. The focus is principally on practical, professional work with real data and tools, including business and ethical issues. "Transport modeling practice was developed in a data poor world, and many of our current techniques and skills are building on that sparsity. In a new data rich world, the required tools are different and the ethical questions around data and privacy are definitely different. I am not sure whether current professionals have these skills; and I am certainly not convinced that our current transport modeling tools will survive in a data rich environment. This is an exciting time to be a data scientist in the transport field. We are trying to get to grips with the opportunities that big data sources offer; but at the same time such data skills need to be fused with an understanding of transport, and of transport modeling. Those with these combined skills can be instrumental at providing better, faster, cheaper data for transport decision- making; and ultimately contribute to innovative, efficient, data driven modeling techniques of the future. It is not surprising that this course, this book, has been authored by the Institute for Transport Studies. To do this well, you need a blend of academic rigor and practical pragmatism. There are few educational or research establishments better equipped to do that than ITS Leeds". - Tom van Vuren, Divisional Director, Mott MacDonald "WSP is proud to be a thought leader in the world of transport modelling, planning and economics, and has a wide range of opportunities for people with skills in these areas. The evidence base and forecasts we deliver to effectively implement strategies and schemes are ever more data and technology focused a trend we have helped shape since the 1970's, but with particular disruption and opportunity in recent years. As a result of these trends, and to suitably skill the next generation of transport modellers, we asked the world-leading Institute for Transport Studies, to boost skills in these areas, and they have responded with a new MSc programme which you too can now study via this book." - Leighton Cardwell, Technical Director, WSP. "From processing and analysing large datasets, to automation of modelling tasks sometimes requiring different software packages to "talk" to each other, to data visualization, SYSTRA employs a range of techniques and tools to provide our clients with deeper insights and effective solutions. This book does an excellent job in giving you the skills to manage, interrogate and analyse databases, and develop powerful presentations. Another important publication from ITS Leeds." - Fitsum Teklu, Associate Director (Modelling & Appraisal) SYSTRA Ltd "Urban planning has relied for decades on statistical and computational practices that have little to do with mainstream data science. Information is still often used as evidence on the impact of new infrastructure even when it hardly contains any valid evidence. This book is an extremely welcome effort to provide young professionals with the skills needed to analyse how cities and transport networks actually work. The book is also highly relevant to anyone who will later want to build digital solutions to optimise urban travel based on emerging data sources". - Yaron Hollander, author of "Transport Modelling for a Complete Beginner"

This textbook provides a fundamental overview of the application of engineering economic principles to transportation infrastructure investments. Basic theory is presented and illustrated with examples specific to the transportation field. It also reviews the history of transportation finance, as well as current methods for funding transportation investments in the U.S. Future problems and potential solutions are also discussed and illustrated.

This book aims to provide a good understanding of and perspective on sustainable transport in Asia by focusing on economic, environmental, and social sustainability. It is widely acknowledged that the current situation and trends in transport are not always sustainable in Asia, due in part to the fast-growing economy and the astounding speed of urbanization as well as least-mature governance. As essential research material, the book provides strong support for policy makers and planners by comprehensively covering three groups of strategies, characterized by the words "avoid" (e.g., urban form design and control of car ownership), "shift" (e.g., establishing comprehensive transportation systems and increasing public transportation systems for both intracity and intercity travel), and "improve" (e.g., redesign of paratransit system, low-emission vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and eco-life). These are elaborated in the book alongside consideration of the uncertainty of policy effects in the future. The book is also valuable for scholars and scientists because of the diverse methodologies presented and proposed herein. Among those are the four-step model with full feedback mechanisms, the bi-level programming model with sustainability goals, data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis approaches, structural equation models, discrete and/or continuous choice models, copula-based models, survival models, and driving risk models with short-term memory. Using data collected from more than ten Asian cities, including those in both developed and developing nations, the pathway to sustainable transport in Asia gradually becomes clear.

Explaining in detail how new e-mobility technologies work, and the system requirements which must be fulfilled for these new technologies to be implemented, this book augments this analysis with discussion of the business models, financing and social and economic conditions that will foster the emergence of a new e-mobility industry. New e-mobility technologies and business models will initiate changes in work patterns and in our personal choices on transportation means. This book looks at how smart cities may apply the "internet of things" to the transportation environment and how this may create a complete set of new technologies and service offerings that will enable the advent of the unmanned vehicle society. This e-mobility revolution will disrupt the transport market and bring opportunities and threats for many potential actors. These consequences are analysed within. This book is suitable for anyone interested in the e-mobility revolution and its impact on the future of cars, buses and trains.

Chapter "Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.

Preface
Transportation sustains economic and social activity and is central to operations research and management science. When operations research emerged as a structured field during World War II, some of the first problems investigated arose from the need to optimize military logistics and transportation activities. After the war ended, the scope of operations research applications broadened but transportation problems always occupied a central place. It is now widely recognized that some of the most successful applications of operations research are encountered in transportation, most significantly in the airline industry where it underlies almost every aspect of strategic, tactical and operational planning. This success story may be explained by a number of factors, the first being the economic importance of transportation. Also, the complexity and large scale of transportation problems call for powerful analytical techniques, and the high volumes involved imply that substantial savings can often be achieved through the use of optimization. Furthermore, transportation problems are highly structured, making them amenable to the use of efficient solution methods based on network optimization techniques and mathematical programming.
This book contains eleven chapters describing some of the most recent methodological operations research developments in transportation. It is structured around the main transportation modes, and each chapter is written by a group of well-recognized researchers. Because of the major impact of operations research methods in the field of air transportation over the past forty years, it is befitting to open the book with a chapter on airlineoperations management. While many past publications have focused on airline strategic and tactical planning, Ball, Barnhart, Nemhauser and Odoni have chosen to address the organization and control of recovery operations in the event of disturbances. This line of research is relatively new and of major importance to the airline industry. The second chapter, by Desaulniers and Hickman, surveys the planning of public transit operations. The problems addressed and the methods employed in transit planning, for example those arising in network design, passenger assignment, scheduling, and fleet and crew assignment, are often similar to those of the airlines. The railway optimization chapter, by Caprara, Kroon, Monaci, Peeters and Toth, covers the realm of planning problems encountered in railway planning, with an emphasis on European passenger railways. Again, several of these issues are similar to those observed in other modes, but some problems are specific to the railway industry, such as train platforming, rolling stock circulation, and train unit shunting. The fourth chapter, by Christiansen, Fagerholt, Nygreen and Ronen, contains an extensive survey of maritime transportation problems, methods and applications. Compared with other modes, maritime transportation has received relatively little attention from operations researchers. Yet this field is rapidly expanding with the consolidation of major shipping companies and the development of large container ports.
The next three chapters cover a variety of planning problems arising in vehicle fleet management. The chapter by Powell, Bouzaiene-Ayari and Simao addresses truck transportation planning in contexts where information processesare dynamic. The focus is on the development of models that capture the flow of information and decisions. The vehicle routing chapter, by Cordeau, Laporte, Savelsbergh and Vigo, concerns what is arguably the most central problem in distribution management. It surveys several families of vehicle routing problems, including classical models, inventory routing, and stochastic routing. In the transportation on demand chapter, Cordeau, Laporte, Potvin and Savelsbergh consider the planning of pickup and delivery operations made at the request of users, such as those encountered in courier services, dial-a-ride operations, dial-a-flight systems, and ambulance fleet deployment.

The eighth chapter, by Crainic and Kim, is devoted to intermodal transportation and ties in some planning issues encountered in railway, maritime, and trucking operations. This chapter describes methodologies relevant to the solution of system design and operations planning problems from the perspective of a carrier, or from that of an intermodal transfer facility operator. It also addresses problems encountered at the regional or national level. The next chapter, by Erkut, Tjandra and Verter, concerns the transportation of hazardous materials and includes a broad description of the issues encountered in this field, as well as methodological contributions on risk assessment, routing and scheduling, and facility location.
The last two chapters of the book cover the area of automobile transportation. Marcotte and Patriksson first survey the broad field of traffic equilibrium. Their chapter contains a rich account of the main equilibrium concepts, as well as subproblems and mathematical algorithms encountered inthis area. This chapter provides an informative bibliographical note at the end of each section. Finally, in the last chapter, Papageorgiou, Ben-Akiva, Bottom, Bovy, Hoogendoorn, Hounsell, Kotsialos and McDonald summarize some of the most important issues and recent developments encountered in ITS and traffic management. These include traffic flow models, route guidance and information systems, as well as urban and highway traffic control.
We are confident that this book will prove useful to researchers, students, and practitioners in transportation, and we hope it will stimulate further research in this rich and fascinating area. We are grateful to Jan Karel Lenstra and George L. Nemhauser who invited us to edit this volume. While the process took longer than we had expected, we found the experience highly rewarding. Our deep thanks go to all authors for the quality of their contributions, to the anonymous referees for their time, effort, and valuable suggestions, and to Gerard Wanrooy of Elsevier for his support.
Cynthia Barnhart, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Gilbert Laporte, HEC Montreal
*Volume 14 examines transport and its relationship with operations and management science
*11 chapters cover the most recent research developments in transportation
*Focuses on main transportation modes-air travel, automobile, public transit, maritime transport, and more

This book will bring a state of the art overview of the research done in sustainable logistics. It will be structured along the four A's of sustainable logistics:- 1 Awareness: it is important that companies and policy makers are aware of the effects of their activities and policies. New methods to estimate the effects of the logistic activities and the change towards more sustainable ways will be covered. 2 Avoidance: transport can be avoided by a better collaboration between actors (vertically and horizontally. Papers covering this topic will be introduced here. 3 Acting and shifting the goods to more environmental friendly modes or to the non peak hours. 4 Anticipation of new technologies: the use of more environmental friendly vehicles (electric,.LNG,..) within the logistic chain.

Urban freight transport has become an essential issue in urban planning. There are many challenges and problems relating to increasing levels of traffic congestion, negative environmental impacts and energy consumption. To cope with these complicated problems, new city logistics schemes are required that are aimed at increasing the efficiency of urban freight transport systems as well as reducing traffic congestion and impacts on the environment. Recent developments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) help tackle these difficult problems. As well, the corporate social responsibility of shippers and freight carriers promotes public-private partnerships in urban freight transport planning.
This book, Recent Advances in City Logistics, is an outcome of the Fourth International Conference on City Logistics (City Logistics IV held in Langkawi in 2005) organised by the Institute for City Logistics (www.citylogistics.org). It includes recent developments in the modelling, evaluation and planning of city logistics schemes. Since city logistics measures have already been implemented in several cities, a review of the performance of these innovative schemes is presented. As well, an overview of the data collection for modelling, evaluating and benchmarking city logistics schemes and intermodal freight transport for city logistics is given. Recent developments and applications of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) in city logistics are covered.
*Outlines developments in modelling, evaluation, and planning of city logistics schemes
*Reviews performance of existing innovations
*Overview of data collection techniques

* A thorough exploration of low carbon mobility transitions from a range of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives; * A broad view of low carbon transition across travel, transport, tourism and mobilities studies; * A critical exploration of the global, regional and local prospects for low carbon mobility transitions; * Illustrating examples of low carbon transition, from leading scholars researching in a wide range of geographic contexts. Arranged in three interrelated sections; People and Place, Structures in Transition, and Innovations for Low Carbon Mobility, Low Carbon Mobility Transitions presents nineteen theoretically-informed, empirically grounded chapters and case studies that comprehensively address the prospects for global, regional, and local systemic transitions to low carbon mobility. Bringing together the work of leading researchers from 26 universities, research centres and consultancies, spanning six continents, it critically explores the wide-ranging regional contexts in which a low carbon transition has been, is being, or can be achieved. In doing so, it highlights the place-specific, geopolitical and cultural sensitivities of low carbon transitions at national, regional and local (urban) scales. The overlapping roles of technological innovation, behaviour change and policy frameworks are critically examined in this book, providing timely insights into the opportunities for decarbonising the current systems of transport, in order to achieve the radical emissions reductions required to prevent lasting impacts of climate change. Highlights of the book include: * Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary insights into low carbon mobility transitions; * Research-informed chapters and case studies including a range of geographic contexts across the global North and South; * New perspectives on the intersecting and overlapping roles of technological innovation, behaviour change and policy frameworks; * Expert assessments of systemic low carbon transition. About the Editors Debbie Hopkins is a Research Fellow at the Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford (UK), and a Junior Research Fellow in Geography at Mansfield College, Oxford. James Higham is a Professor in the Department of Tourism, University of Otago (New Zealand), Visiting Professor, University of Stavanger (Norway) and co-editor of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism.

This edited volume discuses urban transport issues, policies, and initiatives in twelve of the world's major emerging economies - Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, and Vietnam - countries with large populations that have recently experienced large changes in urban structure, motorization and all the associated social, economic, and environmental impacts in positive and negative senses. Contributions on each of these twelve countries focus on one or more major cities per country. This book aims to fill a gap in the transport literature that is crucial to understanding the needs of a large portion of the world's urban population, especially in view of the southward shift in economic power. Readers will develop a better understanding of urban transport problems and policies in nations where development levels are below those of richer countries (mainly in the northern hemisphere) but where the rate of economic growth is often increasing at a faster rate than the wealthiest nations.

This book brings together information on road planning, location, design, construction and maintenance to support environmentally acceptable operations in tropical forests. It highlights the challenges of road operations in the tropics, includes techniques that have been shown to be successful, and discusses newer technologies. Numerical examples are included to provide clarity for interpreting graphs, procedures, and formulas.

This book provides a systematic assessment of the performance of electric and hybrid buses in urban areas on a daily basis and presents a complete set of technical scenarios to promote their efficient exploitation. It will also help readers understand how future buses will perform on specific roads and how the latest technologies can be integrated into existing fleets by proposing a methodology for evaluating the energy consumption for general and specific routes and scenarios. Covering all aspects relating to the daily use of electric and hybrid buses, including maintenance strategies, power train configuration, battery replacements, route evaluation, and charging speed, emphasis is placed on energy efficiency and effective implementation. Addressing key developments in intelligent vehicle technologies, the book presents innovative transportation technologies and a broad range of topics in transportation-related sustainability research, from vehicle systems and design, to mass transit systems.

Hitler's autobahn was more than just the pet project of an infrastructure-friendly dictator. It was supposed to revolutionize the transportation sector in Germany, connect the metropoles with the countryside, and encourage motorization. The propaganda machinery of the Third Reich turned the autobahn into a hyped-up icon of the dictatorship. One of the claims was that the roads would reconcile nature and technology. Rather than destroying the environment, they would embellish the landscape. Many historians have taken this claim at face value and concluded that the Nazi regime harbored an inbred love of nature. In this book, the author argues that such conclusions are misleading. Based on rich archival research, the book provides the first scholarly account of the landscape of the autobahn.

Thomas Zeller is an associate professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he teaches the history of technology, environmental history, and science and technology studies. He is the author of Strasse, Bahn, Panorama (2002) and has co-edited the volumes How Green Were the Nazis? Nature, Environment, and Nation in the Third Reich (2005), Germany's Nature: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental History (2005), The World Beyond the Windshield: Roads and Landscapes in the United States and Europe (2008) and Rivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America (2008). His current research project, consuming Landscapes, has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress, and the Program in Garden and Landscape Studies at Dumbarton Oaks.

Making Urban Transport Sustainable addresses the future of urban transport as a global issue. Money is being poured into roads, railways, and airports at a time when the global atmosphere is threatened and oil production has reached its peak. If the world's environment and societies are to be sustained, urban transport has to change. Contributions by experts from the developed and developing worlds discuss the severity of the problem and suggest potential solutions.

Is public transportation a right? Should it be? For those reliant on public transit, the answer is invariably "yes" to both. Indeed, when city officials propose slashing service or raising fares, it is these riders who are often the first to appear at that officials' door demanding their "right" to more service. Rights in Transit starts from the presumption that such riders are justified. For those who lack other means of mobility, transit is a lifeline. It offers access to many of the entitlements we take as essential: food, employment, and democratic public life itself. While accepting transit as a right, this book also suggests that there remains a desperate need to think critically, both about what is meant by a right and about the types of rights at issue when public transportation is threatened. Drawing on a detailed case study of the various struggles that have come to define public transportation in California's East Bay, Rights in Transit offers a direct challenge to contemporary scholarship on transportation equity. Rather than focusing on civil rights alone, Rights in Transit argues for engaging the more radical notion of the right to the city.