This book deals with the new and now-expanding field of friction, wear, and other surface-related mechanical phenomena for polymers. Polymers have been used in various forms such as bulk, films, and composites in applications where their friction, wear resistance, and other surface-related properties have been effectively utilized. There are also many examples in which polymers have performed extremely well, such as in tyres, shoes, brakes, gears, bearings, small moving parts in electronics and MEMS, cosmetics/hair products, and artificial human joints. Around the world, much research is currently being undertaken to develop new polymers, in different forms, for further enhancing tribological performance and for finding novel applications. Keeping in view the importance of tribology of polymers for research and technology as well as the vast literature that is now available in research papers and review articles, this timely book brings together a wealth of research data for an understanding of the basic principles of the subject.

This book presents a new formulation of the boundary element method for two-dimensional and axisymmetric contact problems. The solution procedure includes the effects of non-frictional as well as frictional contact between elastic bodies. Following a literature survey of various experimental and analytical approaches for solving elastic contact problems, a comprehensive review of numerical techniques used for analyses of contact problems is presented. The boundary element formulations for two-, three-dimensional and axisymmetric problems in elasticity are derived and numerical implementation using constant and linear elements is described. For analysis of contact problems, boundary elements are employed to compute flexibility matrices representing the relationship between tractions and displacements only at nodes coming into contact. The contact analysis is performed using the flexibility matrices in conjunction with contact boundary conditions. In this approach, only equations corresponding to the node coming into contact are required and consequently very efficient computation is achieved. Furthermore, the boundary element analysis and the contact analysis are performed separately, which makes it easy to implement the contact analysis procedure into boundary element codes. A new contact criterion for nodes coming into contact is proposed. Load incremental and iterative schemes are used to obtain accurate solutions. Some classical Hertz and non-Hertz contact problems are studied and results are found to be in good agreement with analytical and other numerical solutions.

This volume describes the application of the method of the differential specific forces (MDSF). By using this new method, the solutions to the problems of a dissipative viscoelastic and elastic-plastic contacts between curvilinear surfaces of two solid bodies can be found. The novelty is that the forces of viscosity and the forces of elasticity can be found by an integration of the differential specific forces acting inside an elementary volume of the contact zone. This volume shows that this method allows finding the viscoelastic forces for any theoretical or experimental dependencies between the distance of mutual approach of two curvilinear surfaces and the radiuses of the contact area. Also, the derivation of the integral equations of the viscoelastic forces has been given and the equations for the contact pressure have been obtained. The viscoelastic and elastic-plastic contacts at impact between two spherical bodies have been examined. The equations for work and energy in the phases of compression and restitution and at the rolling shear have been obtained. Approximate solutions for the differential equations of movement (displacement) by using the method of equivalent work have been calculated. This new method of differential specific viscoelastic forces allows us to find the equations for all viscoelastic forces. It is principally different from other methods that use Hertz's theory, the classical theory of elasticity and the tensor algebra. This method will be useful in research of contact dynamics of any shape of contacting surfaces. It also can be used for determination of the dynamic mechanical properties of materials and in the design of wear-resistant elements and coverings for components of machines and equipment that are in harsh conditions where they are subjected to the action of flow or jet abrasive particles. This volume will be useful for professional designers of machines and mechanisms as well as for the design and development of new advanced materials, such as wear-resistant elastic coatings and elements for pneumatic and hydraulic systems, stop valves, fans, centrifugal pumps, injectors, valves, gate valves, and in other installations.

Insightful working knowledge of friction, lubrication, and wear in machines Applications of tribology are widespread in industries ranging from aerospace, marine and automotive to power, process, petrochemical and construction. With world-renowned expert co-authors from academia and industry, Applied Tribology: Lubrication and Bearing Design, 3rd Edition provides a balance of application and theory with numerous illustrative examples. The book provides clear and up-to-date presentation of working principles of lubrication, friction and wear in vital mechanical components, such as bearings, seals and gears. The third edition has expanded coverage of friction and wear and contact mechanics with updated topics based on new developments in the field. Key features: * Includes practical applications, homework problems and state-of-the-art references. * Provides presentation of design procedure. * Supplies clear and up-to-date information based on the authors widely referenced books and over 500 archival papers in this field. Applied Tribology: Lubrication and Bearing Design, 3rd Edition provides a valuable and authoritative resource for mechanical engineering professionals working in a wide range of industries with machinery including turbines, compressors, motors, electrical appliances and electronic components. Senior and graduate students in mechanical engineering will also find it a useful text and reference.

This book is an important volume in the a "Tribology in Practice Series" (TIPS). Thoroughly updated and revised, "Lubrication and Lubricant Selection" is a much-welcomed third edition of this established and successful title. Since the publication of the earlier editions of this title there have been important developments in some aspects of lubricant technology, notably in automotive engine lubricants: for example significant improvements in their expected service life and in fuel economy. A major cause of these changes has been the increasing international concern for the environmental impact of all sorts of technologies, not least lubricant technology. Greater public anxiety for safety and the environment has resulted in new legislation governing such subjects as product liability and environmental protection.This extended and updated edition of "Lubrication and Lubricant Selection" presents an accurate picture of the current position, particularly with regard to the rapidly changing technical, testing, specification and regulation situation of engine lubricants. The book provides guidance to lubrication practice in industry, with the emphasis on practical application. Specific guidance is given regarding the appropriate selection of lubricants for a wide range of uses. Factors determining the suitability of a lubricant for a particular purpose are described and explained. Contents herein include: basic principles of lubrication; choice of lubricant type; lubricating oils; selection of lubricating oil; oil supply systems; oil changing and oil conservation; greases and anti-seizes; dry bearings and solid lubrication; gas bearings; sealing of lubricants; lubricant testing and specifications; lubricant monitoring; lubricant handling and storage; and, health and safety.

The second edition of a bestseller, this book introduces tribology in a way that builds students' knowledge and understanding. It includes expanded information on topics such as surface characterization as well as recent advances in the field. The book provides additional descriptions of common testing methods, including diagrams and surface texturing for enhanced lubrication, and more information on rolling element bearings. It also explores surface profile characterization and elastic plastic contact mechanics including wavy surface contact, rough surface contact models, friction and wear plowing models, and thermodynamic analysis of friction.

Careful selection of the right lubricant(s) is required to keep a machine running smoothly. Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded describes the need and design for the many specialized oils and greases used to lubricate machine elements and builds on the tribology and lubrication basics discussed in previous editions. Utilizing knowledge from leading experts in the field, the third edition covers new lubrication requirements, crude oil composition and selection, base stock manufacture, lubricant formulation and evaluation, machinery and lubrication fundamentals, and environmental stewardship. The book combines lubrication theory with practical knowledge, and provides many useful illustrations to highlight key industrial, commercial, marine, aviation, and automotive lubricant applications and concepts. All previous edition chapters have been updated to include new technologies, applications, and specifications that have been introduced in the past 15 years. What's New in the Third Edition: Adds three new chapters on the growing renewable energy application of wind turbines, the impact of lubricants on energy efficiency, and best practice guidelines on establishing an in-service lubricant analysis program Updates API, SAE, and ACEA engine oil specifications, descriptions of new engine oil tests, impact of engine and fuel technology trends on engine oil Includes the latest environmental lubricant tests, definitions, and labelling programs Compiles expert information from ExxonMobil publications and the foremost international equipment builders and industry associations Covers key influences impacting lubricant formulations and technology Offers data on global energy demand and interesting statistics such as the worldwide population of nuclear reactors, wind turbines, and output of hydraulic turbines Presents new sections on the history of synthetic lubricants and hazardous chemical labeling for lubricants Whether used as a training guide for industry novices, a textbook for students to understand lubrication principles, or a technical reference for experienced lubrication and tribology professionals, Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded is a "must read" for maintenance professionals, lubricant formulators and marketers, chemists, and lubrication, surface, chemical, mechanical, and automotive engineers.

This revised and expanded Third Edition contains 21 chapters summarizing the latest thinking on various technologies relating to metalworking fluid development, laboratory evaluation, metallurgy, industrial application, fluid maintenance, recycling, waste treatment, health, government regulations, and cost/benefit analysis. All chapters of this uniquely comprehensive reference have been thoroughly updated, and two new chapters on rolling of metal flat sheets and nanoparticle lubricants in metalworking have been added. This must-have book for anyone in the field of metalworking includes new information on chemistries of the most common types of metalworking fluids, advances in recycling of metalworking fluids, and the latest government regulations, including EPA standards, the Globally Harmonized System being implemented for safety data sheets, and REACH legislation in Europe.

Since the publication of the best-selling first edition, the growing price and environmental cost of energy have increased the significance of tribology. Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume II: Theory and Design, Second Edition demonstrates how the principles of tribology can address cost savings, energy conservation, and environmental protection. This second edition provides a thorough treatment of established knowledge and practices, along with detailed references for further study. Written by the foremost experts in the field, the book is divided into four sections. The first reviews the basic principles of tribology, wear mechanisms, and modes of lubrication. The second section covers the full range of lubricants/coolants, including mineral oil, synthetic fluids, and water-based fluids. In the third section, the contributors describe many wear- and friction-reducing materials and treatments, which are currently the fastest growing areas of tribology, with announcements of new coatings, better performance, and new vendors being made every month. The final section presents components, equipment, and designs commonly found in tribological systems. It also examines specific industrial areas and their processes. Sponsored by the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, this handbook incorporates up-to-date, peer-reviewed information for tackling tribological problems and improving lubricants and tribological systems. The book shows how the proper use of generally accepted tribological practices can save money, conserve energy, and protect the environment.

This book highlights the mechanical properties of nanomaterials produced by several techniques for various applications. The dislocations observed in specimens obtained in nanomaterials are discussed on the chapter about deformation process. Partial dislocations and grain boundary sliding deformation phenomena in nanomaterial specimens are also deeply discussed. Tests for tension, compression, and hardness are described. The behavior of nanomaterials is compared to macrosize specimens, and the results obtained for different fabrication methods are also compared. The special characteristics of nanomaterials are summarized at the end of the book.

This book presents recent developments in the coating processes, sub processes and emphasizes on processes with the potential to improve performance quality and reproducibility. The book demonstrates how application methods, environmental factors, and chemical interactions affect each surface coating's performance. In addition, it provides analysis of latest polymers, carbon resins, high-temperature materials used for coatings and describes the development, chemical and physical properties, synthesis, polymerization, commercial uses and characteristics for each raw material and coating. Characterization techniques to solve the coating problems are also presented, as well as optimization studies to identify the critical coating parameters to ensure a robust process.

This volume elaborates on various corrosion processes in different applications and their prevention strategies. It comprehensively covers the principles of corrosion, engineering issues, methods of corrosion protection and defines corrosion processes and control in select aggressive end industrial environments. The contents especially focus on corrosion issues in nuclear, aerospace, marine, high temperature, bioimplants, automobile, and addresses the application of advanced materials to mitigate them. A special section on corrosion prevention strategies with innovative solutions to resolve corrosion issues in various environments is the highlight of this book. This volume will be a useful guide for those in research, academia and industry, particularly to know state of art in corrosion control and prevention for various practical applications.

Highlighting the major economic and industrial changes in the lubrication industry since the first edition, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology, Third Edition highlights the major economic and industrial changes in the lubrication industry and outlines the state of the art in each major lubricant application area. Chapters cover the use of lubricant fluids, growth or decline of market areas and applications, potential new applications, production capacities, and regulatory issues, including biodegradability, toxicity, and food production equipment lubrication. The highly-anticipated third edition features new and updated chapters including those on automatic and continuously variable transmission fluids, fluids for food-grade applications, oil-soluble polyalkylene glycols, functional bio-based lubricant base stocks, farnesene-derived polyolefins, estolides, bio-based lubricants from soybean oil, and trends in construction equipment lubrication. Features include: Contains an index of terms, acronyms, and analytical testing methods. Presents the latest conventions for describing upgraded mineral oil base fluids. Considers all the major lubrication areas: engine oils, industrial lubricants, food-grade applications, greases, and space-age applications Includes individual chapters on lubricant applications—such as environmentally friendly, disk drive, and magnetizable fluids—for major market areas around the globe. In a single, unique volume, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology, Third Edition offers property and performance information of fluids, theoretical and practical background to their current applications, and strong indicators for global market trends that will influence the industry for years to come.

Tribology is an unfamiliar term for many, but is experienced by all. It is the science of friction, wear and lubrication of contacting surfaces in relative motion. The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of tribology as well as its challenges in extreme operating conditions. The book comprises a historical background and an introduction to familiarize both undergraduate and postgraduate readers with such an important topic. It addresses a comprehensive coverage of classical tribology of solid contacts, friction mechanics, wear mechanisms and lubrication technologies. The tribology of polymer composites, MEMS and NEMS are explored. In addition, tribology of automotive components is presented, as are tribological applications in many practical situations.Various test methods used in evaluating wear are reviewed. Diverse techniques applied in predicting wear behavior by mathematical models, FE modeling and ANN approach are discussed. The book reviews key features of extraordinary conditions associated with, but not limited to, harsh environments, severe sliding and poor lubrication challenges. A basic understanding of failure modes in tribological systems is covered. The state-of-the-art research on tribology under these extreme conditions is extensively discussed, which will be of interest to researchers. The book highlights solutions for extreme tribology problems and provides an overview of various factors affecting tribosystems in harsh conditions.

Surfactants play a variety of critical roles in tribology. In addition to controlling friction and wear, they also allow for control of a wide range of properties of lubricants, such as emulsification/demulsification, bioresistance, oxidation resistance, and rust/corrosion prevention. This book explains recent advances in the role of surfactants within the purview of tribology, with an emphasis on product development. Includes Theoretical, Experimental, and Technological Advances Providing a unique exploration of the nexus between surfactants and tribology, this text represents the cumulative expertise of leading scientists and technologists engaged in the study of surfactants in variegated tribological phenomena. Organized thematically for easy reference, the volume covers- * Fundamentals of surfactants * Tribological aspects of micro- and nanodevices, including micro-patterns of two-dimensional asperity arrays, MEMS, NEMS, and magnetic recording devices * Self-assembled monolayers and ultra-thin films relevant to tribological phenomena, including aspects of organosilane monolayers, ultrathin self-assembled films, super-hydrophobic films, MoDTC/ZDDP tribofilms, and surfactant-coated copper nanoparticles * Polymeric and biobased surfactants, covering various tribological aspects related to polymeric gels, elastomers sliding against hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, agriculture-based amphiphiles, vegetable oils, and biobased greases * Surfactant adsorption and aggregation relevant to tribological phenomena, such as the design of surfactants for lubrication, aqueous non-ionic surfactant-based lubricants, adsorption and aggregation kinetics, surfactant and polymer nanostructures, a

Tribology and Applications of Self-Lubricating Materials provides insight into the complex mechanisms behind the development of self-lubricating materials, which due to their ability to transfer embedded solid lubricants to the contact surface to decrease wear rate and friction in the absence of an external lubricant, make up an important part of engineering materials used today. This book emphasizes an understanding of the tribological nature of different composites such as metal, polymer, and ceramic matrix composites and discusses the compatibility of these composites with specific lubricants. The book also offers a view of advancements in the development of self-lubricating mechanisms and covers the latest technologies in the field.

This textbook and comprehensive reference source and serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics. This 4th edition has been completely revised and updated, concentrating on the key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modeling of interfaces. It provides condensed knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials science perspectives to graduate students, research workers, and practicing engineers.

Tribology includes the research and application of principles of friction, wear, and lubrication. Frictional interactions in small scale are becoming increasingly important for the development of new products in mechanics, chemistry, electronics, life sciences, sensors, and by extension for all modern technology. In addition, surface engineering is a truly interdisciplinary topic in materials science that deals with the surface of solid matter. This book provides discussion and the exchange of information on all aspects of tribology and surface engineering in regards to modern industry.

Recently, the use of composite materials has increased in various areas of science and technology due to their special properties, with applications in biomedical, aircraft, automotive, defence and aerospace, as well other advanced industries. Tribology is defined as the "science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion". It includes the research and application of principles of friction, wear and lubrication. This book reviews research on the tribology of composite materials.

This book covers a wide range of advanced analytical tools, from electrochemical to in-situ/ex-situ material characterization techniques, as well as the modeling of corrosion systems to foster understanding and prediction. When used properly, these tools can enrich our understanding of material performance (metallic materials, coatings, inhibitors) in various environments/contexts (aqueous corrosion, high-temperature corrosion). The book encourages researchers to develop new corrosion-resistant materials and supports them in devising suitable asset integrity strategies. Offering a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and graduate students alike, the book shows them how to apply these valuable analytical tools in their work.

This book covers the area of tribology broadly, providing important introductory chapters to fundamentals, processing, and applications of tribology. The book is designed primarily for easy and cohesive understanding for students and practicing scientists pursuing the area of tribology with focus on materials. This book helps students and practicing scientists alike understand that a comprehensive knowledge about the friction and wear properties of advanced materials is essential to further design and development of new materials. The description of the wear micromechanisms of various materials will provide a strong background to the readers as how to design and develop new tribological materials. This book also places importance on the development of new ceramic composites in the context of tribological applications. Some of the key features of the book include: Fundamentals section highlights the salient issues of ceramic processing and mechanical properties of important oxide and non-oxide ceramic systems; State of the art research findings on important ceramic composites are included and an understanding on the behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramic composites in dry sliding wear conditions is presented as a case study; Erosion wear behavior of ceramics, in which case studies on high temperature erosion behavior of SiC based composites and zirconium diboride (ZrB2) based composites is also covered; Wear behavior of ceramic coatings is rarely discussed in any tribology related books therefore a case study explaining the abrasion wear behavior of WC-Co coating is provided. Finally an appendix chapter is included in which a collection of several types of questions including multiple choice, short answer and long answer are provided.

This state-of-the-art book highlights recent advances and discussions in tribological technologies in sheet metal forming. The contents focus on the fundamentals to the more complex topics such as micro contact and lubricant behaviors, FEM analysis in deep drawing process, usage of tribo-simulators, friction behavior in flat sliding, tribological numerical modeling, and simulation of seizure. This book is a useful reference for academicians and researchers in the field of lubrication, sheet metal forming, and tooling.

This book is focuses on novel materials for advanced engine design. It includes the study of friction, wear, lubrication, suitable lubricant additives, and durability of different engine components of alcohol/biodiesel fueled engines. The contents highlight different lubrication systems to overcome friction and wear problems of automotive transportation systems. It also discusses different materials for future applications, wear of wheels and axels of locomotives, friction-induced noise and vibration and tribological behavior of texture surfaces in the automotive transport sector. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in alternative fuels application in IC engines, friction and wear study of various engine components, lubrication approaches and different additives of lubricants, and novel materials for advanced engine design.

This book discusses how to reduce the impact of dust and heat on photovoltaic systems. It presents the problems caused by both dust accumulation and heat on PV systems, as well as the solutions, in a collected piece of literature. The Effects of Dust and Heat on Photovoltaic Modules: Impacts and Solutions begins by discussing the properties of dust accumulation on PV modules. It then presents several solutions to this, such as hydrophobic coatings and surface texturing. The second half of the book is used to discuss the effects of heat on silicon PV modules, as well as various cooling approaches. These include water cooling and carbon-based materials. Due to the prevalence of PV systems in renewable energy, this book will be of interest to numerous students, researchers and practitioners.

This book is a compilation of selected papers presented at the 3rd Malaysian International Tribology Conference (MITC 2020) held in Langkawi, Malaysia, September 28-30, 2020. The book presents the advancement in the field of tribology and is divided into main topics such as bearing design, biotribology, dry friction and wear, green tribology, green lubricant, lubricant and fuel, surface engineering. The contents of this book appeal globally to scientists, scholars, engineers, and students from universities, research institutions, and industries working in the field of tribology.