This and volume no. 47of "Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry" is composed of eight chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. In particular, the first seven chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science."

Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication. Recently, the concept of "green tribology" as "the science and technology of the tribological aspects of ecological balance and of environmental and biological impacts" was introduced. The field of green tribology includes tribological technology that mimics living nature (biomimetic surfaces) and thus is expected to be environmentally friendly, the control of friction and wear that is of importance for energy conservation and conversion, environmental aspects of lubrication and surface modification techniques, and tribological aspects of green applications such as wind-power turbines or solar panels. This book is the first comprehensive volume on green tribology. The chapters are prepared by leading experts in their fields and cover such topics as biomimetics, environmentally friendly lubrication, tribology of wind turbines and renewable sources of energy, and ecological impact of new technologies of surface treatment.

My 12-year-old granddaughter Nina Alesi once asked me, "Grandpa, you are a scientist at IBM, so what do you do?" I tried to reply, "Oh, I watch atoms move. . . " But before I could finish this sentence, my 7-year-old grandson Vinnie interjected, "Grandpa, do atoms play soccer?" This book is about the games atoms play in diffusion and various other properties of materials. While diffusion has been studied for more than 100 years in solids, its importance, excitement, and intellectual chal lenges remain undiminished with time. It is central to understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of naturally occurring and synthetic materials, which is at the root of current technological development and innovations. The diversity of material has led to spec tacular progress in functional inorganics, polymers, granular materials, photonics, complex oxides, metallic glasses, quasi-crystals, and strongly correlated electronic materials. The integrity of complex materials pack ages is determined by diffusion, a highly interactive and synergic phe nomenon that interrelates to the microstructure, the microchemistry, and the superimposed physical fields. While the various physico-chemical properties of the materials are affected by diffusion, they determine diffu sion itself. This book, which is intended to document the diffusive processes operative in advanced technological materials, has been written by pio neers in industry and academia.

This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosiou science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are selected in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non aqueous liquids."

This volume presents treat the material science and mechanical issues of hybrid adhesive bonds which are a combination of adhesive bonding rather than mechanical fasteners. The idea of hybrid joints is to gather the advantages of the different techniques leaving out their problems. Some of the advantages of these joints are a higher static and fatigue strength and a higher stiffness with respect to simple joints, a two-stage cracking process before the final failure and improved durability.

The book treats all important kinds of joints which are in use today: weld - adhesive, rivet - adhesive, clinch - adhesive, bolt - adhesive, and adhesive - adhesive. A section dedicated to threadlocking and interference-fit adhesive joints is also included. All sections are treated from a scientific point of view with modeling issues supported by simple coupons testing and a technological point of view where the idea is to present more applied results with practical cases.

Nanotribology: Critical Assessment and Research Needs is an excellent reference for both academic and industrial researchers working in the fields of nanotechnology, tribology, mechanical engineering, materials science and engineering, MEMS, NEMS, magnetic recording, and biomedical devices. It will also be of interest to those pursuing scanning probe microscopy, nanoimaging, mesomanufacturing, sensors, actuators, aerospace, defense (controllers, microsystems), and military systems. Nanotribology: Critical Assessment and Research Needs provides a critical assessment of the current state of the art of nanotribology within the context of MEMS, mesomanufacturing, nanotechnology and microsystems. It contains chapters written by the leading experts in these fields. It identifies gaps in current knowledge and barriers to applications, and recommends research areas that need to be addressed to enable the rapid development of technologies.

Fatigue and wear are the most damaging phenomena affecting machines since they result in some 90% of breakdowns. This tutorial book systematically develops a unified overview, named tribo-fatigue, which aims to address the complex wear-fatigue damages. Tribo-fatigue synthesizes aspects of three disciplines: mechanical fatigue, tribology, and reliability of mechanical systems.

Tribo-fatigue opens new perspectives for increasing the durability of machines according to the most important criteria of their serviceability. Detailed damage measurement and wear-fatigue tests that enable engineers to design more durable and reliable systems are developed. The book is intended for advanced students, researchers and engineers.

This book describes technical and practical aspects of pipeline damage. It summarizes the phenomena, mechanisms and management of pipeline corrosion in-service. The topics discussed include pipelines fracture mechanics, damage mechanisms and evolution, and pipeline integrity assessment. The concept of acceptable risk is also elucidated and the future application of new knowledge management tools is considered.

By employing a combination of approaches from several disciplines the authors elucidate the principles of a variety of biomechanical systems that rely on frictional surfaces or adhesive secretions to attach parts of the body to one another or to attach organisms to a substrate. This account provides an excellent starting point for engineers and physicists working with biological systems and for biologists studying friction and adhesion. It will also serve as a valuable introduction for graduate students entering this interdisciplinary field of research.

This book is a unique collection of experimental data in the field of internal friction, anelastic relaxation, and damping properties of metallic materials. It reviews virtually all anelastic relaxation phenomena ever published. The reader is also supplied with explanations of the basic physical mechanisms of internal friction, a summary of typical effects for different groups of metals, and more than 2000 references to original papers.

Nanoscale and nanostructured materials have exhibited different physical properties from the corresponding macroscopic coarse-grained materials due to the size confinement. As a result, there is a need for new techniques to probe the mechanical behavior of advanced materials on the small scales. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices presents the latest advances in the techniques of mechanical testing on the micro- and nanoscales, which are necessary for characterizing the mechanical properties of low-dimensional materials and structures.

Written by a group of internationally recognized authors, this book covers topics such as:

• Techniques for micro- and nano- mechanical characterization;
• Size effects in the indentation plasticity;
• Characterization of low-dimensional structure including nanobelts and nanotubes;
• Characterization of smart materials, including piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys;
• Analysis and modeling of the deformation of carbon-nanotubes.

Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices is a valuable resource for engineers and researchers working in the area of mechanical characterization of advanced materials.

Service Life Prediction of Polymeric Materials: Global Perspectives combines developed content derived from topics discussed in the Fourth International Symposium on Service Life Prediction (Key Largo, Florida, December 2006). This critical examination of the existing and alternative methodologies used to assess the service life of polymeric materials presents readers with the advances in accelerated and field exposure testing protocols. Written by established experts in the service life community, this volume introduces advanced methods, including high throughput and combinatorial analyses, models data collection and storage formats.

Researchers and engineers involved with materials and polymer science, coatings technologists and automotive materials will find Service Life Prediction of Polymeric Materials: Global Perspectives a useful tool.

This book can be viewed as a scientific investigation combined with methodological studies. For practical reasons each of the methods is described in the following general manner including: the uses and the scientific investigation tasks; methods of sampling; testing equipment; test preparation; tests; data processing; controversial issues and conclusions. Each of the 37 methods contains a range of 1 to 8 variants. As far as we know, the book is the first publication in the field.

Materials engineers, researchers and students will find this book a valuable resource on erosion wear mechanisms. It contains extensive data on erosive wear resistance of conventional steels, powder materials and coatings, and criteria for erosive wear-resistant material and coating selection. The book collects together the work of more than 130 industrially-supported research projects conducted over 50 years.

In the past ?ve decades considerable attention has been devoted to comp- ite materials. A number of expressions have been suggested by which mac- scopic properties can be predicted when the properties, geometry, and volume concentrations of the constituent components are known. Many expressions are purely empirical or semi-theoretical. Others, however, are theoretically well founded such as the exact results from the following classical boundary studies: Bounds for the elastic moduli of composites made of perfectly coherent homogeneous, isotropic linear elastic phases have been developed by Paul [1] and Hansen [2] for unrestricted phase geometry and by Hashin and Shtrikman [3] for phase geometries, which cause macroscopic homogeneity and isotropy. The composites dealt with in this book are of the latter type. For two speci?c situations (later referred to), Hashin [4] and Hill [5] derived exact - lutionsforthebulkmodulusofsuchmaterials.Hashinconsideredtheso-called Composite Spheres Assemblage (CSA) consisting of tightly packed congruent composite elements made of spherical particles embedded in concentric - trix shells. Hill considered materials in which both phases have identical shear moduli. In the ?eld of predicting the elastic moduli of homogeneous isotropic c- posite materials in general the exact Hashin and Hill solutions are of th- retical interest mainly. Only a few real composites have the geometry de?ned by Hashin or the sti?ness distribution assumed by Hill. The enormous sign- icance, however, of the Hashin/Hill solutions is that they represent bounds which must not be violated by sti?ness predicted by any new theory claiming to consider geometries in general.

The focus of this book is on modeling and simulations used in research on the morphological evolution during film growth. The authors emphasize the detailed mathematical formulation of the problem. The book will enable readers themselves to set up a computational program to investigate specific topics of interest in thin film deposition. It will benefit those working in any discipline that requires an understanding of thin film growth processes.

This volume contains the proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Ela- ohydrodynamics and Microelastohydrodynamics held in Cardiff from 1st to 3rd September 2004. The symposium focused on theoretical, experimental and computational issues in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) both in relation to smooth surfaces and in situations where the ?lm is of the same order or th- ner than the surface roughness (micro-EHL). The last IUTAM Symposium in this general area of contact of deformable bodies was in 1974. The emphasis in the Symposium was upon fundamental issues such as: solution methods; lubricant rheological models, thermal effects; both low and high elastic m- ulus situations; human and replacement joints; ?uid traction; dynamic effects, asperity lubrication and the failure of lubrication; surface fatigue and thermal distress under EHL conditions. Delegates were welcomed to Wales and the Cardiff School of Engine- ing by the head of the School, Professor Hywel Thomas. The opening l- ture was given jointly by Professor Duncan Dowson, FRS and Sir Gordon Higginson, the distinguished partnership which produced some of the most important numerical solutions to the fundamental EHL problem which led to the ?rst reliable ?lm thickness formula for isothermal, Newtonian conditions. Their presentation reviewed the early developments in the subject and included some fascinating details of the dif?culties overcome and the scienti?c pers- alities involved. A total of 33 presentations were given over a period of three days.

Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces covers the rapidly developing topics of hierarchical surfaces, roughness-induced superhydrophobicity and biomimetic surfaces. The research in these topics has been progressing rapidly in the recent years due to the advances in the nanosciences and surfaces science and due to potential applications in nanotechnology. The first in its field, this monograph provides a comprehensive review of these subjects and presents the background introduction as well as recent and new results in the area.

This book highlights some of the most important structural, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of DLC films. It is particularly dedicated to the fundamental tribological issues that impact the performance and durability of these coatings. The book provides reliable and up-to-date information on available industrial DLC coatings and includes clear definitions and descriptions of various DLC films and their properties.

The premier symposium on Surfactants in Tribology, held in Seoul in 2006, was an enormously successful event that generated a high level of interest in the topic, leading to the publication of the first volume in this series in 2008. The tremendous response was echoed at the follow-up symposium in Berlin that same year, and leading researchers, many of whom participated in the second event, were invited to submit chapters for Surfactants in Tribology, Volume Two. Reflecting the cumulative wisdom of a contingent of researchers, this text explores all-new topics critical to the future of tribology. Topics discussed in this second volume include: Properties of silane, thio, phthalocyanine and phospholipid films, membranes, grafts, and SAMs on gold, silica, and graphite substrates Water/oil emulsions used as oil-well drilling fluids Properties of organized surfactant assemblies and aqueous solutions of alkyl polyglucosides Surfactants as demulsifiers in enhanced crude oil production from old wells Oil/water emulsions with biobased surfactants The synthesis of novel biobased materials Properties of biobased lubricants and surfactants Modeling and statistical predictive methods in the development of biobased lubricants The fundamentals of surface chemistry at tribological interfaces The role of surface science in magnetic recording tribology Antiwear and friction modifier compounds for automotive applications Surfactants as antimicrobial agents in lubricants Tribological phenomena are of significant importance in a host of industries ranging from simple products to high-tech devices. This volume and its predecessor reflect the sage contributions of a cadre of experts who report on current possibilities and future potential for harnessing sur

Studying the morphology, defects, and wear behavior of a variety of material surfaces, Mechanical Tribology examines popular and emerging surface characterization techniques for assessment of the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of various modified surfaces, thin films, and coatings. Its chapters explore a wide range of tribological applications while promoting reduced component deterioration and improved efficiency and reliability of mechanical systems. The book includes extensive coverage of critical technologies that are usually absent in other references on the subject, delving into procedures affecting metal cutting and forming, physicochemical issues involved in the design of fiber finishes, and recent progress in biotribological research. It provides strategies to characterize the friction and wear properties of tribological systems and procedures to assess the quality and lifetime of ceramic materials. It also outlines methods to avoid scuffing and seizure in machine operations and novel techniques to prevent oil from spreading and creeping in lubricating applications. Mechanical Tribology is a practical guide for mechanical, industrial, chemical, process, design, and process engineers, materials scientists, and tribologists in the selection of materials, surface treatments, coatings, and environments best suited for a particular industrial application.

Many people, including those involved in the manufacturing, marketing and selling of lubricants, believe that blending lubricants is simply a matter of putting one or more base oils and several additives into a tank of some kind and stirring them around to mix them. Blending lubricants that meet customers' demands requires much more than this. The correct ingredients of the right quality need to be used in precisely controlled quantities. The ingredients need to be tested prior to blending and the finished products need to be tested following blending. The ingredients need to be stored and mixed under carefully controlled conditions. The finished lubricants need to be stored and packaged carefully and then delivered to customers correctly. This book discusses all of these issues, describes the different types of equipment used to blend lubricants, provides guidance on how best to use this equipment, and offers tips and techniques to help to avoid problems. It focuses on liquid lubricants. Greases are not discussed, as their manufacture involves very different manufacturing procedures compared with those concerned with liquid lubricants. The book starts with descriptions and discussion of the properties and characteristics of the main types of mineral and synthetic base oils, as well as the properties and characteristics of the main types of additives that are used in lubricant formulations. Criteria and methodologies used to design both new and upgraded blending plants are covered next. The types and operation of the equipment used in lubricant blending plants are described and discussed, together with a chapter on how to avoid problems before, during, and after blending. Testing and analysis of base oils, additives, and blended lubricants are covered in two separate chapters. Procedures for quality control and quality management in lubricant blending plants are also discussed in two separate chapters. Types of packages for lubricants are reviewed, together with methods for filling packages and methods for transporting lubricants in bulk. The storage of lubricants and supply chain management is also covered in depth.

In the field of tribology, the wear behaviour of polymers and composite materials is considered a highly non-linear phenomenon. Wear of Polymers and Composites introduces fundamentals of polymers and composites tribology. The book suggests a new approach to explore the effect of applied load and surface defects on the fatigue wear behaviour of polymers, using a new tribometer and thorough experiments. It discusses effects of surface cracks, under different static and cyclic loading parameters on wear, and presents an intelligent algorithm, in the form of a neural network, to map the relationship between wear rate and relevant factors. Using the aforementioned method leads to more accurate and cost effective prediction of surface fatigue wear rates, under different service conditions. The first three chapters of the book introduce polymers and composite materials tribology, followed by three chapters that cover testing in wear, applied load and contact pressure and surface defects. The remaining chapter moves on to predicting wear of polymers, and concludes by discussing questions and problems.

Improving our understanding of friction, lubrication, and fatigue, Modeling and Analytical Methods in Tribology presents a fresh approach to tribology that links advances in applied mathematics with fundamental problems in tribology related to contact elasticity, fracture mechanics, and fluid film lubrication. The authors incorporate the classical tenets of tribology while providing new mathematical solutions that address various shortcomings in existing theories. From contact interactions to contact fatigue life, the book connects traditionally separate areas of tribology research to create a coherent modeling methodology that encompasses asymptotic and numerical techniques. The authors often demonstrate the efficacy of the models by comparing predictions to experimental data. In most cases, they derive equations from first principles. They also rigorously prove problem formulations and derive certain solution properties. Solutions to problems are presented using simple analytical formulas, graphs, and tables. In addition, the end-of-chapter exercises highlight points important for comprehending the material and mastering the appropriate skills. Unlocking the secrets that govern the physics of lubricated and dry contacts, this book helps tribologists on their quest to reduce friction, minimize wear, and extend the operating life of mechanical equipment. It provides a real-world industrial perspective so that readers can attain a practical understanding of the material.

"A Tribology Casebook" is different to other engineering books in that it describes what actually happens under real life operating conditions. By presenting a collection of
incidents drawn from practice, this book illustrates the practical issues and problem solving approaches needed to deal with real situations that engineers are likely to come
across in their working lives.

CONTENTS INCLUDE: Aeration foaming, and contamination of lubricating oils by water in serviceAnalysis techniquesBoundary lubricating properties of polyglycolsClimatic effectsCondition monitoring: temperature measurementCorrosive wearCrankcase explosionsFires and explosions in air compressors and compressed air systemsLubrication in other environments than airManufacturers are not always rightMaterials for plain bearingsMechanical sealsPlant memory and myths.