A didactic, illustrated guide to the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Prepared by an international group of experts with wide experience in both developed and developing countries, the manual responds to the need for a basic reference text that can help doctors, sonographers, nurses, and midwives solve imaging problems when no experts are available. With this need in mind, the manual adopts a practical approach aimed at providing a thorough grounding in both the techniques of ultrasound and the interpretation of images. The need for extensive supervised training is repeatedly emphasized. Because the clinical value of ultrasound depends so greatly on the experience and skill of the operator, the manual makes a special effort to alert readers to common pitfalls and errors, and to indicate specific clinical situations where ultrasound may not be helpful or reliable as a diagnostic tool. Explanatory text is supported by numerous practical tips, warnings, checklists and over 600 illustrations. The opening chapters explain how ultrasound works, outline the factors to consider when choosing a scanner, and introduce the basic rules of scanning, including advice on how to recognize and interpret artefacts. Guidance on the selection of ultrasound equipment includes clear advice concerning where costs can be spared and where investment is essential. The core of the manual consists of seventeen chapters providing guidance on scanning techniques and the interpretation of images for specific organs and anatomical sites, with the most extensive chapter devoted to obstetrics. Each chapter contains illustrated information on indications for scanning, preparation of the patient, including choice of transducer and setting of the correct gain, general scanning techniques, and specific techniques for identifying anatomical landmarks and recognizing abnormalities. The manual concludes with WHO specifications for a general-purpose scanner judged entirely suitable for 90-95% of the most common ultrasound examinations.

Physics and Instrumentation of Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Peter Fish. University of Wales -- Bangor, School of Electronic Engineering Science, and Gwynedd and Clwyd Health Authorities, Department of Medical Physics. The field of diagnostic medical ultrasound is constantly changing as new equipment and techniques are developed and refined. The use of ultrasound is increasing rapidly throughout the world and consequently a knowledge of the underlying scientific principles and instrument operation has become an essential part of medical ultrasound courses. This book provides a concise, highly illustrated description of physics and instrumentation of diagnostic medical ultrasound and includes substantial coverage of Doppler techniques and real-time instruments. It will be of great value to sonographers, radiographers, radiologists, medical physicists and technicians as an aid to the study of the clinical use of diagnostic ultrasound, and as an excellent introduction for those intending to investigate the subject in greater depth. Other Wiley Books of Related Interest Include: Doppler Ultrasound: Physics, Instrumentation, and Clinical Applications D. H. Evans, W. N. McDicken, R. Skidmore, J. P. Woodcock 1989 Clinical Magnetic Resonance: Imaging and Spectroscopy R. Andrew, G. Bydder, J. R. Griffiths, R. A. Iles, P. Styles 1990 Ultrasound Teaching Cases Volume 1 H. B. Meire, K. C. Dewbury, D. O. Cosgrove 1988 Ultrasound Teaching Cases Volume 2 K. C. Dewbury, H. B. Meire, D. O. Cosgrove 1988

This is the second, updated and extended edition of a well-received book that offers a comprehensive overview of ultrasonographic imaging of acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including acute abdomen, appendicitis, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, neoplasms and masses, infections, malabsorption syndromes, and rare conditions. The value of ultrasound in each disorder is clearly explained and illustrated, and limitations identified. Information is also provided on recent technical developments and ultrasound applications that are likely to become of increasing importance, such as functional and 3D ultrasound, contrast agents and intraoperative ultrasound, elastography, and transperineal ultrasound. The authors are all distinguished experts in the topics they address. Ultrasound of the Gastrointestinal Tract will be a helpful guide in daily practice not only for radiologists but also for gastroenterologists, abdominal surgeons, pediatricians, and oncologists.

Durch die technische Weiterentwicklung von der einfachen Dopplersonographie bis hin zur farbkodierten Duplexsonographie ist diese Methode in vielen Gebieten der Medizin mittlerweile ein wichtiger Bestandteil der nichtinvasiven Gefassdiagnostik geworden. Die Spezialisierung in der Medizin macht eine fur die einzelnen Fachgebiete differenzierte Literatur auch fur die Duplexsonographie notwendig. In diesem Buch wird deshalb die Anwendung dieser Diagnostik auf dem Gebiet der Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten abgehandelt. Dazu gehort die Diagnostik der renalen Hypertonie, die Erkennung von Komplikationen nach Nierentransplantation sowie die Diagnostik von Dialyseshunts. Damit sind jedoch nicht nur Nephrologen, sondern auch Radiologen und Internisten angesprochen.

Das Dreil{ndertreffen ist d e r deutschsprachige Kongre zur Ultraschalldiagnostik. Wer sich }ber neue technische Ent- wicklungenund den praktischen Einsatz der Ultrasonographie in den verschiedenen medizinischen Fachgebieten informieren will, mu teilnehmen und/oder dieses Buch lesen.

Lo studio delle malformazioni fetali rappresenta uno degli argomenti piu complessi nell ambito della medicina fetale.

Negli ultimi anni il ruolo della risonanza magnetica (RM) nell inquadramento diagnostico delle malformazioni fetali isolate e complesse e divenuto sempre piu importante, attestandosi come esame di III livello.

Tale incremento e stato possibile grazie all implementazione tecnologica delle apparecchiature di RM e quindi allo sviluppo di sequenze veloci e ultra veloci.

La RM, solitamente effettuata dopo un ecografia di II livello a partire dalla 19a settimana di gravidanza, puo quindi rappresentare, in casi selezionati, un importante completamento diagnostico nella valutazione di quadri malformativi complessi e nella programmazione di interventi terapeutici nella vita intrauterina e nel postnatale. E necessario sottolineare l importanza di centri di riferimento dedicati e la presenza di un team multidisciplinare per la corretta gestione dei piccoli pazienti.

Il volume e suddiviso in tre parti. Dopo una prima parte piu tecnica, viene trattata l anatomia fetale in RM con attenzione all evoluzione dei singoli organi; la terza parte analizza invece i principali quadri malformativi con particolare riguardo al distretto encefalico, toracico e addominale. Il testo e arricchito da un estesa documentazione iconografica.

Questolibro vuole essere di rapida e facile consultazione e rappresentare un punto di partenza per il radiologo e il neuroradiologo, nonche per tutti gli specialisti interessati alla medicina fetale e in particolare alla risonanza magnetica.

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L'ecografia e utile nella valutazione di patologie articolari in pazienti con malattia reumatica e, oltre che nella diagnosi, e efficace nel monitoraggio con power Doppler della sinovite, con una sensibilita superiore rispetto all'esame clinico. L'ecografia ad alta risoluzione, integrata con la tecnica power Doppler, e anche in grado di individuare le anomalie entesopatiche, l'erosione ossea e il coinvolgimento del tendine. L'obiettivo dell'opera e di presentare la tecnica d'esame, i progressi ecografici nella patologia reumatica muscoloscheletrica e il ruolo diagnostico della ecografia nella patologia reumatica articolare. L'iconografia e arricchita con immagini integrate di ecografia, radiologia convenzionale, TC e RM.

This fourth edition has been fully revised to provide radiologists with the most up to date ultrasound images and information for diagnosing and treating disorders in various crucial organs. Fifteen sections present more than 3500 high resolution sonographic images in the eye and orbit, face, salivary gland, gastrointestinal system, prostate, genitalia, peripheral chest, and much more. The book has been completely rewritten and includes new chapters on face, sperm transport system, ambiguous genitalia and intersex. More than 70% of the images have been replaced with new images using 3D multiplanar tomographic ultrasound imaging. Each topic covers both common and less common pathologies, and CT and MRI images are also included to enhance understanding. Key Points Fully revised, fourth edition providing more than 3500 high resolution sonographic images of small parts Includes new chapters on face, sperm transport system, ambiguous genitalia and intersex More than 70% of images replaced by 3D multiplanar tomographic ultrasound imaging Previous edition (9780071485838) published in 2007

Il ruolo che la diagnostica per immagini riveste nella pratica clinica quotidiana e di giorno in giorno sempre piu rilevante: il moderno radiologo deve possedere un approfondita conoscenza della clinica e dell anatomia patologica e la capacita di correlazione con i reperti radiologici, al fine di poter cogliere anche i minimi segni e reperti rilevabili.

Inoltre, la vastita delle attuali conoscenze richiede non solo una preparazione radiologica generica, ma anche e sempre piu approfondimenti sub-specialistici: cio conduce alla formazione di radiologi d apparato e in alcuni casi d organo, in grado di utilizzare al meglio tutte le tecniche attualmente disponibili, cosi da percorrere correttamente l iter diagnostico, insieme ai colleghi specialisti di altre branche mediche.

Nel presente manuale, che raccoglie 100 casi ben selezionati e significativi, gli Autori dimostrano come, partendo dalla storia clinica del paziente e sfruttando al meglio le tecniche di imaging, sia possibile giungere alla diagnosi: in tal modo, si riduce il ricorso a procedure invasive e a indagini inutili e/o superflue. Grazie al taglio pratico e alla concisa trattazione del testo, i giovani radiologi e gli specializzandi hanno a disposizione un valido e rapido strumento di conoscenza del corretto approccio, approfondimento e aggiornamento della disciplina."

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an increasingly popular physical tool with a wide range of applications in medicine. One of the drivers of this advancement is the development of ultrasound phased arrays, which, although more complex and costly than the traditional single focused bowl transducers used in earlier studies, are capable of electronically controlled dynamic focusing. Such systems not only steer a single focus without movement of the array itself, but can also generate several foci simultaneously and create focal regions with complex configurations. This book addresses the design, research and development, and medical applications of both relatively small HIFU arrays that can be inserted into body cavities (so called linear arrays) and larger two dimensional arrays for extracorporeal use. A key safety issue in the design of these arrays is to ensure that only targeted tissue is exposed to high levels of acoustic intensity and in this regard, this book highlights the advantages of designs involving spatial randomization of array elements to reduce the level of potentially dangerous grating lobes. In particular, phased arrays with a random distribution of elements are discussed and compared to regular arrays, and methods for calculating ultrasound fields generated by different phased arrays including the generation of multiple simultaneous foci and focal regions with complex geometrical shapes are presented. A detailed discussion of the influence of the dimensions, number, and shape of individual elements, errors in phase setting at the elements, and the frequency modulation of the signal on the quality of the intensity distributions produced by random arrays is included.

Get outstanding guidance from the world's most trusted reference on OB/GYN ultrasound. Now brought to you by lead editor Dr. Mary Norton, Callen's Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology has been completely and exhaustively updated by a team of obstetric, gynecologic, and radiology experts to reflect the most recent advances in the field. It addresses the shift in today's practice to a collaborative effort among radiologists, perinatologists, and OB/GYNs, with new emphasis placed on genetics and clinical management. This must-have resource covers virtually all aspects of fetal, obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound - from the common to the rare - in one essential clinical reference, allowing you to practice with absolute confidence. Highly templated, full-color format allows you to locate information more quickly. Full-color medical illustrations present key anatomic details in a clear manner. Thousands of digital-quality images depict the complete range of normal and abnormal imaging presentations. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices. You'll also access 20 real-time ultrasound videos of the fetal heart and other structures. Provides extensive updates of text and images, including the latest in imaging, Doppler techniques, genetic testing, and clinical management. Brand new chapters provide up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of topics relevant to current practice: -First Trimester Fetal Anatomy -Obstetric Ultrasound and the Obese Patient -Evaluation of Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Patient -Gynecologic Ultrasound in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient -Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urogynecology -The Role of Ultrasound in Gynecologic Interventions Highlights significant new genetic testing content, including correlation with ultrasound evaluation of the fetus. Places increased emphasis on 3-dimensional imaging and correlative imaging with magnetic resonance (MR). Features new practice guidelines for obstetric evaluation (including first trimester assessment) and gynecologic management (including evaluation of the endometrium and of ovarian masses). Features new information about fetal imaging guidelines from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Provides expanded discussion of fetal, obstetric, and gynecologic interventions with new emphasis on clinical use and application of ultrasound imaging. Includes key and comprehensive reference data used for evaluation of fetal growth and other specialized measurements.

Emergency bedside ultrasound assessment is well established for adult patients, but has only recently been introduced into everyday clinical practice for the care of pediatric patients. Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound is a concise, practical text which explains the principles of ultrasound, its diagnostic application in all organ systems and its use as a procedural adjunct. Both well-established and innovative applications are described, assisting the practitioner in incorporating ultrasound into daily practice, facilitating patient care and decreasing radiation exposure. Case studies and abundant illustrations enable the reader to study the appropriate techniques in detail and learn from real examples from the pediatric emergency department and intensive care unit. Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound is the first comprehensive bedside ultrasonography resource focusing on pediatric patients and is essential reading not only for pediatric emergency medicine subspecialists but for all emergency physicians, intensivists/critical care physicians and pediatricians.

Ultrasound plays an integral part in the diagnosis and management of many gynaecological conditions; indeed, ultrasound forms part of the RCOG's mandatory training programme for doctors wishing to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology. This book will be of use to both trainees and those already in clinical practice looking for a user-friendly reference guide. The use of ultrasound in gynaecology goes well beyond simple picture recognition: a skilful gynaecological sonographer will bring together scan findings and the clinical scenario to enhance patient care. This leads to targeted investigations and strategies for intervention. This book covers all aspects of the use of ultrasound in the fields of gynaecology and early pregnancy, with the contents including: postmenopausal bleeding; adnexal masses; pelvic pain; reproductive medicine; miscarriage; ectopic pregnancy; and ovarian cysts.

Multiple pregnancies are associated with higher risks for both mother and babies. Women with multiple pregnancies have an increased risk of miscarriage, anemia, hypertensive disorders, haemorrhage, and postnatal illness. These pregnancies are more likely to need an operative delivery, and maternal mortality is generally 2.5 times that of singleton births. Fetuses are at increased risk for anatomic and genetic anomalies, growth abnormalities, prematurity, and several physiological problems related to monochorionicity. This book provides a much needed, up-to-date guide to the management of multiple pregnancies. Presented with a uniform approach to all chapters, information is easily navigable, evidence-based, and highly practical. Heavily illustrated, particularly with ultrasound images - the cornerstone of management of multiple pregnancies - this book will appeal to obstetricians and specialists in maternal-fetal medicine, midwives and ultrasonographers and will improve outcomes for mothers and babies.

This book clearly explains the basics of cranial ultrasonography in the neonate, from patient preparation through to screening strategies and the classification of abnormalities. The aim is to enable the reader consistently to obtain images of the highest quality and to interpret them correctly. Essential information is provided both on the procedure itself and on the normal ultrasound anatomy. The standard technique is described and illustrated, and emphasis is placed on the value of supplementary acoustic windows. Attention is also drawn to maturational changes in the neonatal brain and to the limitations of cranial ultrasonography. Frequently occurring abnormalities are described and classifications for these abnormalities are provided. A new classification for neonatal cerebellar hemorrhages is introduced. In this third edition, all ultrasound images have beena replaced, reflecting the improvements in image quality. An entirely new chapter is devoted to Doppler ultrasonography. The illustrations have been improved and new illustrations were added. The reader will have access to highly informative videos on the cranial ultrasound procedure, available online via SpringerLink. The compact design of the book makes it an ideal and handy reference that will guide the novice in understanding the essentials of the technique while also providing useful information for the more experienced practitioner.

HIGHLY COMMENDED by the BMA Medical Book Awards for Neurology! Neurosonology and Neuroimaging of Stroke: A Comprehensive Reference Neurosonology is a first-line modality in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular disease and especially of stroke. In this new edition of Neurosonology and Neuroimaging of Stroke, this noninvasive, realtime imaging method has been given expanded coverage, particularly for its clinical utility. As in the first edition, the new edition offers both a clear overview of the principles of neurosonology and a casebook exploring critical cerebrovascular problems. Ultrasound anatomy, technical aspects of clinical application, and the advantages and limitations of ultrasound are reviewed and contrasted to conventional, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography angiography. Forty-five selected cases from the authors' extensive collections at Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and the Center of Neurology in Bad Segeberg, Germany, are then discussed. The patient histories and working diagnoses are followed by detailed assessments of the extra- and intracranial color-coded duplex sonographic findings and additional diagnostic procedures. The relevant clinical aspects are presented in a compact, comprehensible way, and for the majority of the cases videos are available in the Thieme MediaCenter, providing further in-depth understanding of the full potential of the method. Features: Complete extra- and intracranial arterial and venous ultrasound examination New techniques: ultrasound fusion imaging, ultrafast ultrasound, contrast application More than 1,300 high-quality illustrations, including full-color duplex images Fifteen newly selected cases on conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and dural fistula, as well as rare stroke causes including sickle cell disease and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome Revision of many cases from the first edition More than 60 new video clips (for a total of 130) available at the Thieme MediaCenter, bringing ultrasound anatomy and challenging cases to your monitor! Neurosonology and Neuroimaging of Stroke, Second Edition, offers neurologists, neuroradiologists, and all physicians treating patients with cerebrovascular disease an authoritative introduction and guide to this powerful diagnostic tool.

The new edition of this manual provides radiologists with the latest advances in ultrasonography. Beginning with basic principles of ultrasound and instruments, the following sections discuss the imaging of different soft tissues including the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal system, reproductive tract and more. Images are correlated with organ specific disorders. The final chapter covers assessment of foetal wellbeing. This third edition has been thoroughly revised and includes new chapters on basic sonography of soft tissue and infertility. The comprehensive text is enhanced by nearly 300 illustrations to assist learning. Key Points Third edition, providing latest advances in ultrasonography Fully revised with new chapters on basic sonography of soft tissue and infertility Correlates images with organ specific disorders Previous edition published in 2002

Point-of care ultrasound, or ultrasound performed and interpreted by the clinical in the clinic/office or at the bedside, has been rapidly expanding in use among multiple medical specialties. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has added value to clinical care to expedite diagnoses by visualizing mechanical versus inflammatory features and correlating these findings with patient's symptoms. The use of power Doppler to assess for subclinical inflammation or active hyperemia has been a distinguishing use of ultrasound for rheumatologists. Accurate needle guidance with ultrasound for joint and tendon procedures has allowed expansion of procedures in the clinic and has been associated with less pain and precise targeting of affected structures. Musculoskeletal ultrasound education is now offered in nearly all rheumatology fellowship training programs in the United States and is also included in residency training in other specialties (e.g. physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, podiatry, emergency medicine, and family medicine). Since the publication of the first edition of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatology Review, there has been tremendous growth of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the field of rheumatology as well as other musculoskeletal specialties. The expanded second edition of this practical guide provides an updated clinical review of diagnostic and interventional applications of musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology. New and revised chapters focus on the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of specific rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis, scleroderma, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and lupus. Each chapter covers a standardized protocol of joint images with probe placement and includes numerous examples of common ultrasound pathologies. Study tools such as key-concept overviews, lists of important studies in the field, and extensive questions for self-assessment are included throughout. Written by current experts and thought leaders in the rapidly advancing field of rheumatology ultrasound, the second edition of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatology Review is an essential reference for physicians and related professionals, residents, fellows, graduate students and nurses in rheumatology, imaging and radiology, sports medicine, internal medicine, and physiotherapy.

This publication presents radionuclide-specific organ and effective dose-rate coefficients for members of the public resulting from environmental external exposures to radionuclide emissions of both photons and electrons, calculated using computational phantoms representing the ICRP reference newborn, 1-year-old, 5-year-old, 10-year-old, 15-year-old, and adult males and females. Environmental radiation fields of monoenergetic photon and electron sources were firstly computed using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code PHITS for source geometries representing environmental radionuclide exposures including planar sources on and within the ground at different depths (representing radionuclide ground contamination from fall-out or naturally occurring terrestrial sources), volumetric sources in air (representing a radioactive cloud), and uniformly distributed sources in simulated contaminated water.

Following the issuance of new radiological protection recommendations in Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), the Commission released, in Publication 110 (ICRP, 2009), the adult male and female voxel-type reference computational phantoms to be used for the calculation of the reference dose coefficients for both external and internal exposures. While providing more anatomically realistic representations of internal anatomy than the older stylised phantoms, the voxel phantoms have their limitations, mainly due to voxel resolution, especially with respect to small tissue structures (e.g. lens of the eye) and very thin tissue layers (e.g. stem cell layers in the stomach wall mucosa and intestinal epithelium). This report describes the construction of the adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) that are the modelling counterparts of the Publication 110 voxel-type reference computational phantoms. The MRCPs include all source and target regions needed for estimating effective dose, even the m-thick target regions in the respiratory and alimentary tract, skin, and urinary bladder, assimilating the supplemental stylised models. The MRCPs can be directly implemented into Monte Carlo particle transport codes for dose calculations, i.e. without voxelisation, fully maintaining the advantages of the mesh geometry.

The purpose of this Publication is to provide guidance on radiological protection in industries involving NORM. These industries may give rise to multiple hazards and the radiological hazard is not necessarily dominant. The industries are diverse and may involve exposure to people and the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a potential for significant routine exposure to workers and members of the public if suitable control measures are not considered.