Following the issuance of new radiological protection recommendations in Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), the Commission released, in Publication 110 (ICRP, 2009), the adult male and female voxel-type reference computational phantoms to be used for the calculation of the reference dose coefficients for both external and internal exposures. While providing more anatomically realistic representations of internal anatomy than the older stylised phantoms, the voxel phantoms have their limitations, mainly due to voxel resolution, especially with respect to small tissue structures (e.g. lens of the eye) and very thin tissue layers (e.g. stem cell layers in the stomach wall mucosa and intestinal epithelium). This report describes the construction of the adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) that are the modelling counterparts of the Publication 110 voxel-type reference computational phantoms. The MRCPs include all source and target regions needed for estimating effective dose, even the m-thick target regions in the respiratory and alimentary tract, skin, and urinary bladder, assimilating the supplemental stylised models. The MRCPs can be directly implemented into Monte Carlo particle transport codes for dose calculations, i.e. without voxelisation, fully maintaining the advantages of the mesh geometry.

The purpose of this Publication is to provide guidance on radiological protection in industries involving NORM. These industries may give rise to multiple hazards and the radiological hazard is not necessarily dominant. The industries are diverse and may involve exposure to people and the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a potential for significant routine exposure to workers and members of the public if suitable control measures are not considered.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Ultrasound, and is edited by Dr. Jason M. Wagner. Articles will include: Thyroid Ultrasound; Ultrasound of Cervical Lymph Nodes; Ultrasound of Right Upper Quadrant Pain; Ultrasound of Diffuse Liver Disease; Liver Ultrasound in Patients at Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Ultrasound of Renal Masses; Ultrasound of Pelvic Pain in the Nonpregnant Woman; Ultrasound of the 1st Trimester Pregnant Woman; Scrotal Ultrasound; Carotid Ultrasound; Vertebral Artery Ultrasound; Ultrasound in Sports Medicine; Ultrasound of Lumps, Bumps, and Soft-tissue Fluid Collections; and more!

Dr. Gress has assembled top experts to discuss the latest advances of using endoscopic ultrasound for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The issue has review articles devoted to the following topics: EUS Elastography; Contrast-Enhanced EUS; New developments in EUS- FNA Tissue Acquisition; EUS FNA: Cytologic and histologic using new techniques for interpretation; New EUS Techniques for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms; EUS for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cysts; The role of EUS in the diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Therapeutic EUS for cancer treatment; and EUS-guided techniques in biliary drainage, pancreatic drainage, necrosectomy, pelvic fluid collections, hemostasis techniques, and gastrojejunostomy. The issue ends with articles that look at training issues and the future of EUS. Readers should leave with the clinical information they need to embrace the latest advances of endoscopic ultrasonography.

This is the first comprehensive text-atlas that shows how to use ultrasound technology and nerve stimulation techniques to guide regional blockade in children. Clinical chapters follow a sequential, highly illustrated format that provides step-by-step guidance and include cases, clinical pearls, and troubleshooting tips. Nearly 400 figures, consisting of ultrasound images, MRI images, and schematics, have been assembled to maximize understanding of pediatric neuroanatomy and its relationship to surrounding anatomical structures. To help the novice user, the book features side-by-side presentation of unlabeled and labeled ultrasound images. Pediatric Atlas of Ultrasound- and Nerve Stimulation-Guided Regional Anesthesia focuses on common approaches, supplemented in clinical pearls and notes by alternative approaches, and emphasizes dynamic and systematic scanning techniques. It is intended for pediatric anesthesiologists who wish to incorporate regional blockade into their repertoire and designed as a refresher and resource for all regional anesthesiologists seeking to refine their skills. Unique Selling Points: Internationally renowned experts Presents two technologies proven to improve block success when used together Superb coverage of pediatric anatomy in relation to regional anesthesia Equipment, set-up, pain assessment, local anesthetic pharmacology, and patient safety considerations f or child patients

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Your definitive, step-by-step guide to ultrasound-guided exams and injections for the foot and ankle Ultrasound of the Foot and Ankle is a multimedia, step-by-step introduction on how to use ultrasound successfully to diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle. Authored by noted podiatric physician and educator, Nathan H. Schwartz, DPM, the book thoroughly covers both diagnostic and interventional methods. Concise text and numerous illustrations provide you with easy to understand instruction on using ultrasound to accurately identify normal and abnormal anatomy of foot and ankle. In addition to an extensive section devoted to ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal injections, the book features chapters on ultrasound basics: image optimization, probe handling, and ergonomics. Numerous tips and tricks are provided to help you master exams and acquire new skills. It is the perfect introduction for practitioners who are eager to bring these procedures into their practices to enhance patient care. * Guided learning that helps you put new procedures into practice * Comprehensive coverage of how to effectively scan muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, soft tissue, fat, bone, and nerves * More than 60 videos illustrate key exams and injections * Ideal for podiatrists, pain medicine specialists, sports medicine physicians, orthopedic surgeons, and physiatrists

"An engaging, compelling and disturbing confrontation with evil .a book that will be transformative in its call for individual and collective moral responsibility." - Michael A. Grodin, M.D., Professor and Director, Project on Medicine and the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel Center for Judaic Studies, Boston University Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust challenges you to confront the misguided medical ethics of the Third Reich personally, and to apply the lessons learned to contemporary human subjects research. While it is comforting to believe that Nazi physicians, nurses, and bioscientists were either incompetent, mad, or few in number, they were, in fact, the best in the world at the time, and the vast majority participated in the government program of "applied biology." They were not coerced to behave as they did- they generated the eugenic theories that rationally led them to design horrendous medical experiments, gas chambers, euthanasia programs and, ultimately, mass murder in the concentration camps. Americans provided financial support for their research, modeled their medical education and research after the Germans, and continued to perform unethical human subjects research even after the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial. The German Medical Association apologized in 2012 for the behavior of its physicians during the Third Reich. By examining the medical crimes of human subjects researchers during the Third Reich, you will naturally examine your own behavior and that of your colleagues, and perhaps ask yourself "If the best physicians and bioscientists of the early 20th century could treat human beings as they did, can I be certain that I will never do the same?" Presents relatively unknown aspects of human subjects research during the Third Reich Reveals surprising relationships between German and American human subjects research Dispels myths about Nazi human subjects research Compels introspection and self-examination by today'

For pelvic symptoms, ultrasound is the initial imaging modality of choice in today s cost-conscious climate. Employing a practical, problem-based approach Gynecologic Ultrasound is the only medical reference that provides a stepwise method in the diagnosis of gynecological abnormalities. Abundantly illustrated and easily accessible, it is an ideal resource for a clinical setting. "...an excellent text, well-illustrated and well worth having in any library." Reviewed by RAD Magazine, Dec 2014 Expedite and confirm diagnosis of gynecological abnormalities. An easily accessible format-organized by both entity and differential diagnosis-facilitates searches and zeroing in on the one correct entity. Master the nuances of using ultrasound through the visual instruction of more than 600 clear images including 3D and Doppler - important and necessary tools for pelvic ultrasound. Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about Mullerian Duct Abnormality, Endometriosis, Ovarian cancer, and Uterine Sarcoma as well as normal pelvic ultrasound and common normal variants. Consult this reference where and when you need it at Expert Consult.

Radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly used for the treatment of various cancers with novel radionuclides, compounds, tracer molecules, and administration techniques. The goal of radiation therapy, including therapy with radiopharmaceuticals, is to optimise the relationship between tumour control probability and potential complications in normal organs and tissues. This report provides an overview of therapy procedures and a framework for calculating radiation doses for various treatment approaches.

This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation which form a major part of the ICRP system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell "niches", radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures, is presented in a series of substantial reviews as Annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight to issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age.

This publication aims to provide guidance on radiological protection in the new technology of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT is now used widely by specialists who have little or no training in radiological protection. This publication provides recommendations on radiation dose management directed at different stakeholders, and covers principles of radiological protection, training, and quality assurance aspects. As with previous ICRP publications, the Commission hopes that imaging professionals, medical physicists, and manufacturers will use the guidelines and recommendations provided in this publication for implementation of the Commission's principle of optimisation of protection of patients and medical workers, with the objective of keeping exposures as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors, and consistent with achieving the necessary medical outcomes.

Marked by a consistent, easy-to-follow structure and thousands of supporting illustrations, Diagnostic Pediatric Ultrasound is the complete go-to reference for daily practice. It clearly shows why ultrasound is the pediatric imaging modality of first choice, offering safe, non-invasive, high-quality results that lead to an accurate diagnosis. Providing a wide range of normal reference images for comparison with pathologic findings, the book is essential for any clinician using ultrasonography in pediatric care. Special Features: Organized, didactic chapter structure that includes a concise introduction, indications for ultrasound, examination techniques, normal anatomy and variants, measurement tables of developing organs, and descriptions of pathologic findings for every anatomic region and organ system Nearly 1700 high-quality images that depict all conditions in exquisite detail Unique Tips from the Pros that offer practical insights gained through actual clinical experience with pediatric patients Hundreds of current references for further reading Instructive ultrasound video clips available on Thieme Media Center Complete with advice for creating a child-friendly environment, examining infants and children, communicating with parents, and diagnosing complex cases, Diagnostic Pediatric Ultrasound makes a major contribution to the field. It will increase the knowledge and skills of all pediatric and general radiologists, radiology residents, pediatricians, and other specialists who use ultrasound to care for this sensitive population.

This report provides a compendium of current information relating to radiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major radiopharmaceuticals based on ICRP radiation protection guidance. These data were compiled from ICRP Publications 53, 80, and 106 and related amendments and corrections. This report also includes new information for 82Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I) and 123I labelled 2ss-carbomethoxy 3ss-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FPCIT). The data presented in this report are intended for diagnostic nuclear medicine and not for therapeutic applications.

In this report, the Commission provides updated guidance on radiological protection against radon exposure. The report has been developed considering the latest ICRP recommendations for the system of radiological protection, all available scientific knowledge about the risks of radon, and the experience gained by many organisations and countries in the control of radon exposure. The report describes the characteristics of radon exposure, covering sources and transfer mechanisms, the health risks associated with radon, and the challenges of managing radon exposure. The Commission recommends an integrated approach for controlling radon exposure, relying as far as possible on the management of buildings or locations in which radon exposure occurs, whatever the use of the building. This approach is based on the optimisation principle, and is graded reflecting the responsibilities of key stakeholders, notably in workplaces, and the intent of the national authorities to control radon exposure. The report also provides recommendations on managing radon exposure when workers' exposures are considered as occupational, and the appropriate requirements of the Commission should be applied.

The goal of external beam radiotherapy is to provide precise dose localisation in the treatment volume of the target with minimal damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Ion beams, such as protons and carbon ions, provide excellent dose distributions due primarily to their finite range, allowing a significant reduction of undesired exposure to normal tissues. Careful treatment planning is required for the given type and localisation of the tumour to be treated in order to maximise the treatment efficiency and minimise the dose to the normal tissues. Radiation exposure in the out-of-field volumes arises from secondary neutrons and photons, particle fragments, and photons from activated materials. These unavoidable doses should be considered from the standpoint of radiological protection of the patient. Radiological protection of medical staff at ion beam therapy facilities requires special attention. Appropriate management and control are required for the therapy equipment and also for the air in the treatment room which can be activated by the particle beam and its secondaries. Radiological protection and safety management should always be in conformity with regulatory requirements. The current regulations for occupational exposures in photon radiotherapy are applicable to ion beam radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions. Ion beam radiotherapy requires, however, a more complex treatment system than conventional radiotherapy, and appropriate training of the staff and suitable quality assurance programme are recommended to avoid possible accidental exposure to the patient, to minimise unnecessary doses to normal tissues and to minimise radiation exposure of staff.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed and systematically updated the system of radiological protection, which now recommends optimisation of protection measures within or guided by appropriate restrictions, such as dose constraints or reference levels, in all circumstances. This applies to all exposure situations (planned, emergency and existing) and all categories of exposure (occupational, medical, and public). Optimisation of protection is intended to reduce exposures to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable, economic and societal considerations being taken into account, and to manage medical exposures commensurate with the medical purpose.