This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Ultrasound, and is edited by Dr. Jason M. Wagner. Articles will include: Thyroid Ultrasound; Ultrasound of Cervical Lymph Nodes; Ultrasound of Right Upper Quadrant Pain; Ultrasound of Diffuse Liver Disease; Liver Ultrasound in Patients at Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Ultrasound of Renal Masses; Ultrasound of Pelvic Pain in the Nonpregnant Woman; Ultrasound of the 1st Trimester Pregnant Woman; Scrotal Ultrasound; Carotid Ultrasound; Vertebral Artery Ultrasound; Ultrasound in Sports Medicine; Ultrasound of Lumps, Bumps, and Soft-tissue Fluid Collections; and more!

Radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly used for the treatment of various cancers with novel radionuclides, compounds, tracer molecules, and administration techniques. The goal of radiation therapy, including therapy with radiopharmaceuticals, is to optimise the relationship between tumour control probability and potential complications in normal organs and tissues. This report provides an overview of therapy procedures and a framework for calculating radiation doses for various treatment approaches.

Core Topics in Transesophageal Echocardiography is a highly illustrated, full color, comprehensive clinical text reviewing all aspects of TEE. The text has been written particularly for those who are seeking accreditation in TEE. Section 1 includes chapters on first principles including cardiovascular anatomy, safety issues, indications and contraindications for use, US technology and physics and the details of image acquisition and interpretation in a variety of routine pathologies. Section 2 chapters discuss the use of TEE in a variety of more demanding clinical conditions including valve disease, complex ischaemic heart disease, the use of TEE in critical care and emergency settings, new echocardiography technologies, and TEE reporting. An outstanding free companion website (www.cambridge.org/feneck) contains numerous TEE video clips showing both normal and pathological states. Written by leading TEE experts from EACTA and EAE, this is an invaluable practical resource for all clinicians involved in the care of cardiac patients. A companion website of videos, giving a dynamic understanding of moving structures such as the heart, is also available at www.cambridge.org/features/fox/

Dr. Gress has assembled top experts to discuss the latest advances of using endoscopic ultrasound for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The issue has review articles devoted to the following topics: EUS Elastography; Contrast-Enhanced EUS; New developments in EUS- FNA Tissue Acquisition; EUS FNA: Cytologic and histologic using new techniques for interpretation; New EUS Techniques for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms; EUS for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cysts; The role of EUS in the diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Therapeutic EUS for cancer treatment; and EUS-guided techniques in biliary drainage, pancreatic drainage, necrosectomy, pelvic fluid collections, hemostasis techniques, and gastrojejunostomy. The issue ends with articles that look at training issues and the future of EUS. Readers should leave with the clinical information they need to embrace the latest advances of endoscopic ultrasonography.

This is the first comprehensive text-atlas that shows how to use ultrasound technology and nerve stimulation techniques to guide regional blockade in children. Clinical chapters follow a sequential, highly illustrated format that provides step-by-step guidance and include cases, clinical pearls, and troubleshooting tips. Nearly 400 figures, consisting of ultrasound images, MRI images, and schematics, have been assembled to maximize understanding of pediatric neuroanatomy and its relationship to surrounding anatomical structures. To help the novice user, the book features side-by-side presentation of unlabeled and labeled ultrasound images. Pediatric Atlas of Ultrasound- and Nerve Stimulation-Guided Regional Anesthesia focuses on common approaches, supplemented in clinical pearls and notes by alternative approaches, and emphasizes dynamic and systematic scanning techniques. It is intended for pediatric anesthesiologists who wish to incorporate regional blockade into their repertoire and designed as a refresher and resource for all regional anesthesiologists seeking to refine their skills. Unique Selling Points: Internationally renowned experts Presents two technologies proven to improve block success when used together Superb coverage of pediatric anatomy in relation to regional anesthesia Equipment, set-up, pain assessment, local anesthetic pharmacology, and patient safety considerations f or child patients

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Your definitive, step-by-step guide to ultrasound-guided exams and injections for the foot and ankle Ultrasound of the Foot and Ankle is a multimedia, step-by-step introduction on how to use ultrasound successfully to diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle. Authored by noted podiatric physician and educator, Nathan H. Schwartz, DPM, the book thoroughly covers both diagnostic and interventional methods. Concise text and numerous illustrations provide you with easy to understand instruction on using ultrasound to accurately identify normal and abnormal anatomy of foot and ankle. In addition to an extensive section devoted to ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal injections, the book features chapters on ultrasound basics: image optimization, probe handling, and ergonomics. Numerous tips and tricks are provided to help you master exams and acquire new skills. It is the perfect introduction for practitioners who are eager to bring these procedures into their practices to enhance patient care. * Guided learning that helps you put new procedures into practice * Comprehensive coverage of how to effectively scan muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, soft tissue, fat, bone, and nerves * More than 60 videos illustrate key exams and injections * Ideal for podiatrists, pain medicine specialists, sports medicine physicians, orthopedic surgeons, and physiatrists

"An engaging, compelling and disturbing confrontation with evil .a book that will be transformative in its call for individual and collective moral responsibility." - Michael A. Grodin, M.D., Professor and Director, Project on Medicine and the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel Center for Judaic Studies, Boston University Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust challenges you to confront the misguided medical ethics of the Third Reich personally, and to apply the lessons learned to contemporary human subjects research. While it is comforting to believe that Nazi physicians, nurses, and bioscientists were either incompetent, mad, or few in number, they were, in fact, the best in the world at the time, and the vast majority participated in the government program of "applied biology." They were not coerced to behave as they did- they generated the eugenic theories that rationally led them to design horrendous medical experiments, gas chambers, euthanasia programs and, ultimately, mass murder in the concentration camps. Americans provided financial support for their research, modeled their medical education and research after the Germans, and continued to perform unethical human subjects research even after the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial. The German Medical Association apologized in 2012 for the behavior of its physicians during the Third Reich. By examining the medical crimes of human subjects researchers during the Third Reich, you will naturally examine your own behavior and that of your colleagues, and perhaps ask yourself "If the best physicians and bioscientists of the early 20th century could treat human beings as they did, can I be certain that I will never do the same?" Presents relatively unknown aspects of human subjects research during the Third Reich Reveals surprising relationships between German and American human subjects research Dispels myths about Nazi human subjects research Compels introspection and self-examination by today'

The number of diagnostic and interventional medical procedures using ionising radiations is rising steadily, and procedures resulting in higher patient and staff doses are being performed more frequently. As such, the need for education and training of medical staff (including medical students) and other healthcare professionals in the principles of radiation protection is even more compelling than in the past. The Commission has made basic recommendations for such education and training of these individuals in ICRP Publications 103 and 105 (ICRP, 2007a,b). The present publication expands considerably on these basic recommendations with regard to various categories of medical practitioners and other healthcare professionals who perform or provide support for diagnostic and interventional procedures utilising ionising radiation and nuclear medicine therapy.

This report provides the technical basis for SAFs relevant to internalised radionuclide activity in the organs of the reference adult male and reference adult female as defined in Publications 89 and 110. SAFs are given for uniform distributions of monoenergetic photons, electrons, alpha particles, and fission-spectrum neutrons over a range of relevant energies. Electron SAFs include both their collision and radiative components of energy deposition. SAF data are matched to source and target organs of the biokinetic models of the OIR publication series. The document further outlines the computational methodology and nomenclature for assessment of internal dose in a manner consistent with that used for nuclear medicine applications. Numerical data for particle specific and energy dependent SAFs are given in electronic format for numerical coupling to the respiratory tract, alimentary tract, and systemic biokinetic models of the OIR publication series.

This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation which form a major part of the ICRP system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell "niches", radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures, is presented in a series of substantial reviews as Annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight to issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age.

This report provides a compendium of current information relating to radiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major radiopharmaceuticals based on ICRP radiation protection guidance. These data were compiled from ICRP Publications 53, 80, and 106 and related amendments and corrections. This report also includes new information for 82Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I) and 123I labelled 2ss-carbomethoxy 3ss-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FPCIT). The data presented in this report are intended for diagnostic nuclear medicine and not for therapeutic applications.

The goal of external beam radiotherapy is to provide precise dose localisation in the treatment volume of the target with minimal damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Ion beams, such as protons and carbon ions, provide excellent dose distributions due primarily to their finite range, allowing a significant reduction of undesired exposure to normal tissues. Careful treatment planning is required for the given type and localisation of the tumour to be treated in order to maximise the treatment efficiency and minimise the dose to the normal tissues. Radiation exposure in the out-of-field volumes arises from secondary neutrons and photons, particle fragments, and photons from activated materials. These unavoidable doses should be considered from the standpoint of radiological protection of the patient. Radiological protection of medical staff at ion beam therapy facilities requires special attention. Appropriate management and control are required for the therapy equipment and also for the air in the treatment room which can be activated by the particle beam and its secondaries. Radiological protection and safety management should always be in conformity with regulatory requirements. The current regulations for occupational exposures in photon radiotherapy are applicable to ion beam radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions. Ion beam radiotherapy requires, however, a more complex treatment system than conventional radiotherapy, and appropriate training of the staff and suitable quality assurance programme are recommended to avoid possible accidental exposure to the patient, to minimise unnecessary doses to normal tissues and to minimise radiation exposure of staff.

In this report, the Commission provides updated guidance on radiological protection against radon exposure. The report has been developed considering the latest ICRP recommendations for the system of radiological protection, all available scientific knowledge about the risks of radon, and the experience gained by many organisations and countries in the control of radon exposure. The report describes the characteristics of radon exposure, covering sources and transfer mechanisms, the health risks associated with radon, and the challenges of managing radon exposure. The Commission recommends an integrated approach for controlling radon exposure, relying as far as possible on the management of buildings or locations in which radon exposure occurs, whatever the use of the building. This approach is based on the optimisation principle, and is graded reflecting the responsibilities of key stakeholders, notably in workplaces, and the intent of the national authorities to control radon exposure. The report also provides recommendations on managing radon exposure when workers' exposures are considered as occupational, and the appropriate requirements of the Commission should be applied.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed and systematically updated the system of radiological protection, which now recommends optimisation of protection measures within or guided by appropriate restrictions, such as dose constraints or reference levels, in all circumstances. This applies to all exposure situations (planned, emergency and existing) and all categories of exposure (occupational, medical, and public). Optimisation of protection is intended to reduce exposures to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable, economic and societal considerations being taken into account, and to manage medical exposures commensurate with the medical purpose.

Ultrasound guidance of liver surgery is a very sophisticated approach that permits the performance of otherwise unfeasible operations, discloses the true extent of tumors, increases the indications for hepatectomy, and renders surgery safer. Despite this, it has remained relatively neglected in the literature over the past two decades, during which time much progress has been achieved. This is the first atlas on the subject, and it is comprehensive in scope. The state of the art in the use of ultrasound for resection guidance is carefully documented, and new techniques for exploration of the biliary tract and facilitation of transplant surgery are presented. Further important topics include the role of ultrasound in laparoscopic approaches, the use of contrast agents for diagnosis and staging, and developments in the planning of surgical strategy. The editor is a leading authority whose group has been responsible for a variety of advances in the field. He has brought together other experts whose aim throughout is to provide clear information and guidance on the optimal use of ultrasound when performing liver surgery. This atlas is intended especially for hepatobiliary surgeons but will also be of considerable value for general surgeons.

This book is an ideal manual on the use of modern ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast pathology. It provides a comprehensive overview of current ultrasound techniques and explains the advantages and pitfalls of various ultrasound imaging modalities. Detailed attention is devoted to breast carcinoma, with guidance on differential diagnosis and presentation of pre- and postoperative ultrasound appearances. The most important benign breast diseases are also described and illustrated. Age-related features, including those seen in children and adolescents, are carefully analyzed, and an individual chapter is devoted to breast abnormalities in men. All aspects of lymph node appearances are reviewed in detail, with a special focus on the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of lymph node status. Ultrasound-guided breast interventions and imaging of breast implants are discussed in depth. This up-to-date and richly illustrated book will interest and assist specialists in ultrasound diagnostics, radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons.

Atlas of Head and Neck Ultrasound Written by internationally renowned experts, this exceptional and most comprehensive atlas provides readers with a didactic exposure to the principles of ultrasound and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions of the head and neck. It specifically evaluates the possibilities of modern high-resolution B-scan and color Doppler ultrasound. Features: The atlas style and systematically structured content allow readers to quickly locate imaging findings and access required information The authors not only cover the main ultrasound examination techniques and findings in the head and neck area but also convey approaches to more complex clinical issues, including complicated interdisciplinary topics such as the thyroid gland and blood vessels The diagnostic limitations of ultrasound, pitfalls, and tips and tricks are highlighted throughout the text to help beginners recognize the essential aspects of the findings and assist experienced users in complicated situations An extensive selection of video clips, illustrating the advantages of ultrasound as a dynamic procedure, is available online For all otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, internists, and other specialists who utilize this dynamic imaging tool, Atlas of Head and Neck Ultrasound is an essential reference for use in daily practice.

Basic Transesophageal and Critical Care Ultrasound provides an overview of transesophageal ultrasound of the heart, lung, and upper abdomen as well as basic ultrasound of the brain, lung, heart, abdomen, and vascular system. Ultrasound-guided procedures commonly used in critically ill patients are also covered. With more than 400 clinical images, this well-illustrated text and its accompanying videos demonstrate new developments and challenges for those interested in mastering basic transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and bedside surface ultrasound. Each chapter is presented in an easy-to-read format that includes color diagrams and ultrasound images which optimize interactive learning for both novice and experienced clinicians. The book is divided into two parts. The first is dedicated to basic TEE while the second provides focused coverage of bedside ultrasound. The book also includes chapters on extra-cardiac TEE and ultrasound of the brain-unconventional areas that will become more important in the future as clinicians evaluate not only the etiology of hemodynamic instability but also the impact on multiple organs and systems such as the kidney, liver, splanchnic perfusion, and brain. This text is an invaluable resource to those preparing for the National Board of Echocardiography's Examination of Special Competence in Basic Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (PTEeXAM) and its equivalents outside the USA and Canada. In addition, it prepares physicians for the American College of Chest Physician's critical care ultrasound certification. The contents follow the syllabus of the TEE basic echo exam to ensure complete coverage of a trainee's requirements. It also includes sample questions and two helpful mock exams. Written by a multidisciplinary team of experts in TEE, the book is a must-have for those in training and in practice.