Ultrasound is the main diagnostic tool in the prenatal detection of congenital abnormalities. The Fetal Medicine Foundation has recognized the importance of this tool by setting up a program of training and certification to help establish high standards of scanning on an international scale. Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities: The 18-23-Week Scan provides the basis of learning for the theoretical component of this program. The book is a complete, authoritative clinician's textbook on using ultrasound in the prenatal detection of congenital abnormalities. It summarizes the prevalence, etiology, prenatal sonographic features and prognosis for both common and rare fetal abnormalities.

Compact, hand-carried ultrasound devices are revolutionizing how healthcare providers practice medicine in nearly every specialty. The 2nd Edition of this award-winning text features all-new chapters, a greatly expanded video library, and new review questions to keep you fully up to date with the latest technology and its applications. Access to this product, which may be at the discretion of your institution, is up to 3 years of online and perpetual offline access. Elsevier reserves the right to restrict or remove access due to changes in product portfolio or other market conditions. Provides comprehensive guidance for any specialty on the latest point-of-care ultrasound applications for physicians and other health care providers. Helps you interpret findings with a peer-reviewed, online video library with more than 1,000 ultrasound videos of normal and pathologic findings. These videos are complemented by anatomical illustrations and text descriptions to maximize learning. Offers new online resources, including over 120 clinical cases and 350 review questions in every chapter. Features fully updated content throughout, plus all-new chapters on hemodynamics, transesophageal echocardiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, pediatrics, neonatology, and 2nd/3rd trimester pregnancy. Shares the knowledge and expertise of expert contributors who are internationally recognized faculty from more than 60 institutions. Recipient of British Medical Association's President's Choice Award and Highly Commended in Internal Medicine at the BMA Medical Book Awards 2015 (first edition). Enhanced eBook version included with purchase gives you access to all the text, figures, videos, cases, review questions, and references while on the go.

Ultrasound has revolutionized the practice of regional anesthesia, yet there remains a paucity of good resources on ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in children. This book offers a much-needed practical guide to all the major ultrasound-guided blocks in pediatric patients, including neuraxial, truncal, upper and lower limb blocks. The core principles of good clinical practice in regional anesthesia are described and discussed, including the pharmacology of local anesthetics in children, the performance of regional anesthesia, the management of complications, and the clinical anatomy of each block. Every block chapter provides both a 'how to' section and also a comprehensive literature review, with an up-to-date and relevant bibliography for reference and further reading. Chapters are illustrated with unique anatomical images and detailed descriptions. Both trainee and experienced anesthesiologists will find this an essential resource for the safe and effective performance of modern regional anesthesia in children.

Learn to master radiography patient care with the book that covers it best! With step-by-step instructions and more than 400 full-color illustrations, Patient Care in Radiography, 10th Edition is the perfect resource to help teach you effective radiography patient care. Each chapter expertly guides you through the latest guidelines, carefully making the connection between the topics being discussed and how they relate to patient care. An emphasis is placed on the skills and procedures that are imperative for quality patient care - including safety, transfer, positioning, infection control, and patient assessment. Also included is information on microbiology, emerging diseases, trans-cultural communication, ECGs, administering medications, and bedside radiography to ensure you are well-versed in both the technical and interpersonal skills needed for professional practice. Coverage of patient care and procedural skills helps provide safe, high-quality patient care and technical proficiency. Step-by-step procedures are shown in photo essays, demonstrated with more than 400 full-color illustrations. Case studies focus on medicolegal terms, standards, and applications and help build problem-solving skills. Coverage of infection control helps emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of diseases. Special Imaging Modalities chapter provides an overview of patient care for a wide range of imaging methods. Chapter outlines, objectives, key terms, summaries, review questions, and critical thinking exercises focus on the key information in each chapter. Answers to the review questions are included in the back of the book. NEW! New images highlight many patient procedures and visually demonstrate how to care for patients. NEW! Updated content covers the most current exams, procedures, and technologies, as well as the most current information from the American Society of Radiologic Technologists.

Develop a solid understanding of head and neck ultrasound with this practical, point-of-care reference in the popular Diagnostic Ultrasound series. Written by Dr. Anil T. Ahuja and other leading experts in the field, the second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Head and Neck offers detailed, clinically oriented coverage of ultrasound imaging of the head and neck and includes illustrated and written correlation between ultrasound findings and other modalities. This wealth of up-to-date information helps you achieve an accurate head and neck ultrasound diagnosis for every patient. Explains how ultrasound is the first line of imaging for diseases of the thyroid and miscellaneous lumps in the neck, as well as its role in evaluating neck nodes and salivary glands Includes more than 1,000 high-quality images (many are new!) including shear wave elastography and strain images, complete with comprehensive annotations Correlates ultrasound findings with other modalities, including MR, CT, PET/CT, nuclear medicine scans, sialography and ultrasound elastography for improved understanding of disease processes and how ultrasound complements other modalities for a given disease Covers cutting-edge ultrasound techniques, including elastography and microvascular sonography Details the sonographic parameters allowing differentiation between tumor types of the parotid and thyroid glands Features Key Facts boxes for rapid review Lists expert differential diagnoses on various pathological disease patterns An ideal reference for radiologists, sonologists, sonographers, surgeons, endocrinologists, oncologists, and those who are training in these fields Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Proper ultrasound examination and interpretation hinges on thorough knowledge of the relevant anatomy, artifacts, and technique. This book provides an excellent foundation by going beyond pathology and concentrating on these fundamentals. Basic physics and artifact recognition and prevention are outlined. Chapters review essential anatomy and include images and tables that highlight relevant bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Sites of attachment and the best positions for examination are also noted.Technique is presented via a three-tiered approach and photographs of patients in the transducer position are matched with the resulting ultrasound images and complementary anatomical overlays. The accompanying DVD offers ultrasound technique as performed by experienced radiologists and clinicians. Procedures are detailed with a split screen showing the examination and the corresponding ultrasound image. The dynamic presentation is of value to those just learning the modality as well as physicians wanting to review anatomy and fine-tune their skills.

Only ultrasound book that deals specifically with infectious and tropical diseases

"a well-written book and is highly recommended." Reviewed by: Christina Kinnander, Herlev Hospital on behalf of Acta Radiologica, November 2015 Covers the spectrum of ultrasound use for general, vascular, obstetric, and gynecologic imaging. Fully illustrated design includes numerous side-by-side correlative images. Written at a level ideal for residents seeking an understanding of the basics, or for practitioners interested in lifelong learning and maintenance of competence. Extensive boxes and tables highlight differential diagnoses and summarize findings. "Key Features" boxes offer a review of key information at the end of each chapter. Explore extensively updated and expanded content on important topics such as practical physics and image optimization, the thyroid, salivary glands, bowel, musculoskeletal system, cervical nodal disease, ectopic pregnancy, early pregnancy failure, management of asymptomatic adnexal cysts, practice guidelines - and a new chapter on fetal chromosome abnormalities. Visualize the complete spectrum of diseases with many new and expanded figures of anatomy and pathology, additional correlative imaging, and new schematics demonstrating important concepts and findings. Further enhance your understanding with visual guidance from the accompanying electronic version, which features over 600 additional figures and more than 350 real-time ultrasound videos. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. The enhanced eBook experience allows you to view the additional images and video segments and access all of the text, figures, and suggested readings on a variety of devices.

Point of care ultrasound is a critical tool required for assessing all patients, providing rapid answers to clinical questions and facilitating high quality care for patients. This essential guide caters for all generalist clinicians beginning their ultrasound journey and extends to more advanced assessments for those with established ultrasound experience wishing to advance their knowledge and skills. It covers a wide range of ultrasound topics from echocardiography, thoracic and COVID-19 to emerging areas such as palliative care, hospital at home and remote and austere medicine. An extensive collection of colour images, videos and examples of clinical applications will inspire readers to acquire the skills of point of care ultrasound quickly, safely and systematically. The printed code on the inside of the cover provides access to an online version on Cambridge Core. An essential aid for acute clinicians, paramedics, general practitioners as well as remote medical providers, medical educators and students.

In recent years, sonography of the peripheral nervous system has gained widespread acceptance. New diagnostic applications have emerged, and the field of ultrasound-guided interventions has expanded significantly: regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, and similar techniques are now frequently performed under ultrasound guidance by anesthesiologists and pain physicians alike. This atlas of peripheral nerve ultrasound is designed to meet the daily needs of both radiologists and clinicians by allowing rapid review of typical features, knowledge of which is important for successful diagnosis and intervention. The side by side presentation of ultrasound images with anatomical cryosections and photographs of transducer positions allows for reliable sonographic identification of even tiny nerves in regions of complex topography. The practical value of the atlas is further enhanced by correlations with high-resolution MRI scans.

The Association Internationale de Recherche sur la Circulation Osseuse, A.R.C.O., was founded in London in December 1989 by a small group of doctors, surgeons and researchers in basic sciences who had been involved for many years in the study of bone circulation and its disorders. They had met several times in Toulouse, during the International Symposia on Bone Circulation held there since 1973 and they wished to carry their contacts further. In founding A.R.C.O., they established as their primary aims the encouragement and furtherance of research, organisation of meetings and promotion of knowledge on the subject. At the present time, the Association has over a hundred members from more than bone tissue twenty countries in Europe, America and Asia. All have the conviction that and its pathology can only be truly known and studied if one has an understanding of its vascular system and the way its circulation functions. This concept, apparently beyond question, has not yet been adopted by all physicians and scientists who are interested in bone. From time to time, one comes across teaching programmes on bone patho logy which make no mention of bone circulation.

On October 29th 1953 in Lund, Sweden, Inge Edler, cardiologist, and Hellmuth Hertz, physicist, performed the first successful Ultrasoundcardiogram (UCG), later renamed Echocardiogram. A few weeks later, on December 16th, the neurosurgeon Lars Leksell diagnosed an intracranial bleeding in a 16-month-old boy using the same equipment, and Echoencephalography was born. The Lundensian obstetrician Bertil Sunden was in 1962 able to take the first ultrasound picture of twins in pregnancy. These three world premieres at the Lund University were the foundation for the tremendous development of diagnostic ultrasound. Before it is too late, the history in Lund will be told, and with this history as background Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnosis brings together some of the leading ultrasound experts of today to bring us up to date with the use of ultrasound in its ever-increasing importance for diagnosis in many areas of medicine. Peter Wells writes in his Foreword that "this fascinating book serves more than one purpose: it is an historical record of the pioneering developments in clinical ultrasonic diagnosis that took place in Lund... what we now recognise as one of the greatest medical innovations of the twentieth century... Besides its historical content, this book also includes scholarly reviews of the state-of-art in adult and paediatric cardiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, vascular disease in several countries and, primarily from technical perspective, radiology, as well as an overview of contrast studies". Other chapters describe the development in ophthalmology and oto-rhino-laryngology as well as the industrial development of ultrasound equipment. This book will be valuable and interesting to those who are interested in the development of ultrasound diagnosis in medicine.

Clinical Ultrasound has been thoroughly revised and updated by a brand new editorial team in order to incorporate the latest scanning technologies and their clinical applications in both adult and paediatric patients. With over 4,000 high-quality illustrations, the book covers the entire gamut of organ systems and body parts where this modality is useful. It provides the ultrasound practitioner with a comprehensive, authoritative guide to image diagnosis and interpretation. Colour is now incorporated extensively throughout this edition in order to reflect the advances in clinical Doppler, power Doppler, contrast agents. Each chapter now follows a consistent organizational structure and now contains numerous summary boxes and charts in order to make the diagnostic process practical and easy to follow. Covering all of the core knowledge, skills and experience as recommended by the Royal College of Radiologists, it provides the Fellow with a knowledge base sufficient to pass professional certification examinations and provides the practitioner with a quick reference on all currently available diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound imaging procedures. Individual chapters organized around common template therefore establishing a consistent diagnostic approach throughout the text and making the information easier to retrieve. Access the full text online and download images via Expert Consult. Three brand new editors and many new contributing authors bring a fresh perspective on the content. Authoritative coverage of the most recent advances and latest developments in cutting edge technologies such as: colour Doppler, power Doppler, 3D and 4D applications, harmonic imaging, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) microbubble contrast agents, interventional ultrasound , laparoscopic ultrasound brings this edition right up to date in terms of the changes in technology and the increasing capabilities/applications of ultrasound equipment. New sections on musculoskeletal imaging. Addition of coloured text, tables, and charts throughout will facilitate quick review and enhance comprehension. The new edition of Clinical Ultrasound has been thoroughly revised and up-dated by a brand new editorial team in order to incorporate the latest scanning technologies and their clinical applications in both adult and paediatric patients. With over 4,000 high quality illustrations, the book covers the entire gamut of organ systems and body parts where this modality is useful. It provides the ultrasound practitioner with a comprehensive, authoritative guide to image diagnosis and interpretation. Colour is now incorporated extensively throughout this edition in order to reflect the advances in clinical Doppler, power Doppler, contrast agents. Each chapter now follows a consistent organizational structure and now contains numerous summary boxes and charts in order to make the diagnostic process practical and easy to follow. Covering all of the core knowledge, skills and experience as recommended by the Royal College of Radiologists, it provides the Fellow with a knowledge base sufficient to pass professional certification examinations and provides the practitioner with a quick reference on all currently available diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound imaging procedures. Contains over 4,000 high quality images (over 1,000 of which are in colour) to provide a comprehensive visual guide to help the practitioner identify and interpret diagnostic problems. Practical considerations such as image interpretation, image optimization techniques, pitfalls in technical acquisition and interpretation stressed throughout provide the trainee and practitioner with a new and improved knowledge in order to optimize clinical decision-making. Highlights the selection of other modalities (such as CT/MRI) whenever appropriate i.e. when there is a limited field of view or poor resolution and provides the user with a balanced perspective by referring to those occasions when ultrasound may not be the best modality to provide the best diagnostic information.

Launched on Oxford Medicine Online in 2012, with the full-text of eight Mayo Clinic Scientific Press (MCSP) print titles and a bank of multiple-choice questions, Mayo Clinic Toolkit provides a single location for resident, fellow, and practicing clinicians to undertake the self-testing necessary to prepare for, and pass, the Boards.
The Mayo Clinic Atlas of Regional Anesthesia and Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blockade is a practical guide that vividly illustrates a systematic approach to regional anesthesia of the upper and lower extremity while providing a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of ultrasonography, relevant Sonoanatomy of the upper and lower extremity, and the technical skills necessary to become clinically proficient at ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. With over 200 beautifully illustrated anatomic images that can be enlarged and downloaded to PowerPoint, the online version is essential reading for Board Exam preparation.
Highlights of The Mayo Clinic Toolkit include:
- Each title is presented in an enhanced format, allowing the enlargement and download of all figures and images, and linking to external sources referenced in the text.
- The multiple-choice questions are designed to mirror those in the Board exam for realistic preparation; they also link back to the relevant title, and allow the user to measure their development through the recording of practice-exam success.
- It can be accessed on a range of internet enabled devices, giving residents, fellows, and practicing clinicians the choice to study in locations which suit them
- Subscription lengths range from 1-month to a full year.
Combining two complimentary resource types into a single location, with enhancements to the print works, the flexibility to choose where and when to study, and the ability to monitor revision progress, Mayo Clinic Toolkit is truly the go-to site for Board preparation.

Featuring nearly 800 illustrations, images, and photos, Atlas of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound of the Extremities by Dr. Mohini Rawat is a comprehensive visual guide to musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging for health care students and clinicians. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging is a new, rapidly growing field with applications across many health care disciplines. With its increased popularity comes a need for detailed training resources. The Atlas of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound of the Extremities presents information on scanning protocols for the joint regions and peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities in an easy-to-follow, highly visual format. Beginning with an overview of ultrasound physics, equipment, terminology, and technique, the book provides detailed instruction for musculoskeletal ultrasound of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and foot, concluding with a comprehensive chapter on peripheral nerves. Each chapter contains detailed images of scanning protocols, anatomy, sonoanatomy, patient positioning, and probe positioning for each joint region. Images are accompanied by explanatory text descriptions, along with clinical pearls under points to remember. Designed for students and clinicians in physical therapy, occupational therapy, athletic training, orthopedics, rheumatology, physiatry and podiatry, the Atlas of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound of the Extremities provides essential introductory training materials and serves as a helpful reference for busy clinical environments.

Using a flip-card format, this compact guide provides protocols that take the guesswork out of image documentation. These comprehensive protocols follow the imaging guidelines of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) and include a universal method for documenting any type of pathology. Examples of the required images for the physician's diagnostic interpretation are included. Documentation specifics are provided for full and limited abdominal studies, gynecological and obstetric exams, and prostate evaluations. Also provided are protocols for small parts, vascular system, and echocardiography. Protocols following guidelines provided by AIUM provide standardized scanning methods and image documentation. Step-by-step instructions for sonographic studies of various organs and body areas reinforce AIUM protocols while scanning. Over 700 images create a visual step-by-step scanning approach to the performance of scans and image documentation for physician diagnostic interpretation. NEW! Musculoskeletal protocols offer the images and information needed to properly scan musculoskeletal anatomy. NEW! 2-color streamlined design enhances readability. NEW! New images complete all the protocols approved by the AIUM. NEW! Smaller size makes the pocket guide easier to carry around. NEW! Part dividers with bleed allow for quick access to desired protocols.

Biomedical ultrasonics is inherently interdisciplinary, involving mechanics, electrical engineering, physics, biology, and medicine. As such, it can be an extraordinarily difficult subject to cover in one book. Drawn from years of class notes, student interaction and personal experience, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound does just that. It covers the fundamental engineering behind ultrasound equipment, properties of acoustic wave motion, the behaviour of waves in various media, non-linear waves and the creation of images. The most comprehensive book on the subject, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound is an indispensible reference for any medical professional working with ultrasound imaging, and a comprehensive introduction to the subject for students. The book consists of ten chapters that bridge the spectrum from the fundamental properties of wave propagation through to clinical systems. The first four chapters describe linear and nonlinear propagation, and methods for calculating the field produced by transducers of various designs. A number of problems designed to test the reader's understanding, well-suited for formal class assignments, accompany these chapters. The topics of ultrasound scattering, and transducer design are addressed in chapters 5 and 6. The final four chapters addess methods of imaging and flow measurement. Some 350 drawings, graphs, sketches and colour images have been used. These, together with many tables, have been used to illustrate the various topics covered; a substantial portion of which are appearing for the first time in print.

Cost-efficient, safe, and clinically effective, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a nascent diagnostic imaging technique for use in both adults and children. Specialty Imaging: Fundamentals in CEUS provides first of its kind, authoritative coverage to help you make the most of this promising imaging tool in your practice. This one-stop resource is tailored to your decision support needs, offering guidance from global experts on everything from physics and safety to each of the commonly used clinical applications of CEUS. Covers CEUS applications for every relevant anatomic area including liver, kidney, bowel, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, gynecology, prostate, scrotum, breast, thyroid, parathyroid, and lymph nodes Discusses key related topics such as vascular CEUS, CEUS-guided interventions, CEUS in treatment response evaluation, CEUS of thorax, intracavitary CEUS, endoscopic CEUS, abdominal trauma, and pediatric applications Includes chapters covering each of the currently available contrast agents and contains a helpful CEUS technical recommendations and lexicon of imaging findings Features more than 1,000 high-quality images with captions and annotations for interpretive guidance Presents information consistently, using a highly templated format with bulleted text for quick, easy reference Helps you make the most of the unique advantages of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound, such as reaching a more specific, accurate diagnosis than when using regular ultrasound, and providing alternative imaging methods for younger patients where ionizing radiation poses greater risks Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

All healthcare professionals practising ultrasound in a clinical setting should receive accredited training in the principles and practice of ultrasound scanning. This second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics and Equipment provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics, technology and safety of ultrasound equipment, with high quality ultrasound images and diagrams throughout. It covers all aspects of the field at a level intended to meet the requirements of UK sonography courses. New to this edition: * Updated descriptions of ultrasound technology, quality assurance and safety. * Additional chapters dedicated to 3D ultrasound, contrast agents and elastography. * New glossary containing definitions of over 500 terms. The editors and contributing authors are all authorities in their areas, with contributions to the scientific and professional development of ultrasound at national and international level.

This book explains the exciting field of sonomyography (SMG), which makes it possible to use continuous signals detected by ultrasound images in real time to evaluate muscle functions. After an introduction, the book discusses the methods to extract and analyse different SMG signals, including muscle thickness, penetration angle, fascicle length, contraction activity, and muscle cross-sectional areas, etc. It then describes the mono-modal applications of sonomyography: posture recognition, prosthesis control, muscle training, muscle strength (fall risk assessment), fatigue assessment, and the assessment of dysfunctional muscles. The book also shows how to combine sonomyography with additional muscle assessment methods, in particular EMG, MMG, and motion sensors. Lastly, it provides an overview of the potential applications in sport science, rehabilitation, fitness, and elderly health.

This book provides a practically applicable manual to the utilisation of ultrasound in rheumatology. Each chapter includes high-quality diagrams of each anatomical region covered, accompanied by an ideal scan with written and pictorial demonstrations, as well as an ideal ultrasound image, that has been obtained via a high-end machine for optimal image quality. This systematic approach to describing the application of ultrasound in rheumatology enables the reader to develop a deep understanding of how to correctly make use of ultrasound technologies in their daily practice. Ultrasound in Rheumatology: A Practical Guide for Diagnosis is an easy to follow guide to the application of ultrasound in rheumatology and is a valuable resource for the trainee and practising rheumatologist seeking a guide on the correct use of ultrasound.

This book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in Ultrasonography (USG) dentomaxillofacial imaging to help radiologists and dentists in their training and daily practice. The book examines the relationship between clinical features, diagnosis, and choice of minimally invasive technique for a range of dentomaxillofacial disorders and provides information on post-treatment therapy. Accurate interpretation of indications for treatment is the cornerstone of success in medicine, and as such, the book explains how the selection of imaging technique is closely linked to clinical and diagnostic aspects and how recognition of this relationship forms the foundation for optimal outcomes. In addition to examining the various modalities, the book highlights the role of the latest USG imaging techniques. Further, it discusses in detail the pathology, treatment, and prognosis of common and rare diseases, as well as congenital/developmental malformations in the dentomaxillofacial, an area that is often underestimated and largely ignored by dentists. Featuring updated high-resolution images created with state-of-the-art equipment, the book introduces readers to current imaging modalities. It also includes pathological descriptions of radiologic diagnoses to help clarify the pathophysiology of the disease, while the pearls and pitfalls of image interpretation provide a quick reference guide for practitioners. Written by leading international experts, this outstanding book is a valuable resource for both radiologists, dentists and students seeking a more in-depth appreciation of the subject and its contribution to the scientific radiology community.

This user-friendly second edition provides a fully up-dated and practical introduction to gynaecological ultrasound. It describes and explains background anatomy and physiology, instrumentation and how to make the best use of equipment. Emphasis is placed on how to maximise image quality, and how to recognise normal and pathological features. The volume also assesses other relevant diagnostic techniques and various management strategies, and evaluates the role of ultrasound as part of patient management. It includes chapters on pathology of the uterus, ovaries and adnexae, paediatric and trauma cases, together with management of infertility and other gynaecological perspectives of patient management. Illustrated throughout with numerous high-quality ultrasound images and line drawings, many of them new for this latest edition, this is essential reading for practitioners in training, including radiologists, gynaecologists and sonographers.

Filling a gap in the literature, this is the first book to comprehensively present fracture sonography as a diagnostic tool that can complement and in some cases even replace conventional radiological imaging. Guiding readers step by step through a patient examination, it is an invaluable guide to implementing this technique in clinical practice. It also presents algorithms, tips, tricks and pitfalls shared by experienced authors, making it a useful reference resource for all those practicing in the field. This book is of interest to a wide readership, including orthopedic, pediatric and trauma surgeons, emergency physicians, pediatric radiologists and general practitioners.