This fully revised second edition of Keith Moss's text gives comprehensive coverage of the design of heating and water services in buildings. Each chapter starts with the information needed to understand the specific area, and this is then reinforced by many examples and case studies with worked solutions. Mathematics and the principles of fluids are introduced as core skills where they are required as part of the design solution. New material is provided on chimneys, fossil fuel combustion, electrical heating and group and district heating. Students, whether on HNC, HND and degree courses, should find this book useful.

Since the implementation of the USEPA Clean Air Act Risk Management Plan, many water treatment and wastewater treatment utilities have converted to on-site sodium hypochlorite generation. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation: Water and Wastewater Applications is a comprehensive text and design manual for on-site sodium hypochlorite generation systems. It covers all issues concerning the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of on-site sodium hypochlorite generation systems and their application for disinfection in water and wastewater treatment facilities.

The text includes a concise discussion of regulatory requirements for chlorination systems and supplies a comprehensive list of equipment and construction materials for both brine and seawater electrolysis systems. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation will provide design engineers, operators, and utility administrators with the working knowledge of on-site sodium hypochlorite generation system design considerations and operational requirements needed to prepare and implement a Risk Management Plan.

A key question for individuals involved in managing watersheds is, "What is an effective process that will integrate science, policy, and public participation in order to help manage water resources effectively?" The Watershed Project Management Guide presents a four-phase approach to watershed management that is based on a collaborative process that responds to common needs and goals. It utilizes assessments and decision processes that are based on local knowledge and a combination of biophysical, social, and economic information.

Individually these principles and practices are not new, but in combination they describe an innovative approach for addressing complex water and related management issues. This recommended process consists of a series of four basic phases; Assessment, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation, which are built on stakeholder involvement, social capacity, and adequate monitoring. This four-phased approach will assist watershed practitioners develop a plan consistent with the recently released USDA-EPA Watershed Management Planning and Implementation Process guidance. This process can be used to implement a management strategy to meet the load allocations required by an approved Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), the goals of a Source Water Protection Plan, USDA programs such as EQIP, or Section 319 Project.

The process outlined in the text is applicable for both restoration and prevention projects. The Watershed Project Management Guide focuses on the complexities of the watershed management process, the watershed partnership's role in the processes, and what needs to be done next. The author has kept the technical jargon to a minimum to help the reader easily grasp the important points and where appropriate directs the reader to specific resources and references for further information.

About the Author:

Thomas E. Davenport is an Environmental Scientist for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and was designated as the Agency's National Expert on Nonpoint Source Control in 1991. Dr. Davenport has received seven Bronze Medals from the EPA for outstanding contributions for various activities related to nonpoint source, lake restoration, and watershed management. Dr. Davenport has published over 40 papers, book chapters, and project reports. Present duties include serving as the Water Program Lead for the Great Lakes/Baltic Seas and 3 Rivers 3 Countries Watershed Capacity Building Projects.

This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.

This book reviews the latest information on the assessment of surface and groundwater resources in Algeria. The authors cover a large diversity of topics, including the status and assessment of water resources, impacts of pesticides, soil droughts, analysis of flood characteristics, hydrogeological investigations and modeling applications, and evapotranspiration. Special attention is given to the impacts of climate changes on water resources. The assessment methods present in this book can be used or adapted to study other regions of North Africa, Middle East and/or in the Mediterranean with similar climate conditions as Algeria. This book and the companion volume Water Resources in Algeria - Part II: Water Quality, Treatment, Protection and Development will appeal to engineers, researchers, graduate students and policymakers interested in the field of groundwater and surface water assessment.

"Small-scale Water Supply" provides non-specialists with an overview of the technologies available for water supply in low-income communities in rural areas of developing countries. Focusing chiefly on "point supplies" such as wells, boreholes, springs and rainwater catchment systems, the book also introduces the reader to powered pumps, water treatment and piped distribution systems. Chapters cover design capacity, sources of water, raising water, storage and water treatment. The book contains useful illustrations of each of the technologies and outline guidance on making appropriate choices between technologies. The subject of water supply is vast and this handy book shows the reader where to begin in designing water supply systems. Extensive appendices point the reader to sources of further information for each technology, both in printed form and from Internet web pages.Published in collaboration with WELL (Water and Environmental Health at London and Loughborough).

This book reviews the latest water quality protection and water resources development strategies in Algeria. It covers topics such as the assessment and prediction of water quality, salt-water intrusion, treatment of wastewater for reuse, and desalination as an alternative source of water. The methods presented in this book can also be applied in other regions with similar climate conditions. Together with the companion volume Water Resources in Algeria - Part I: Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Resources, this book provides researchers with essential reference material on tools and techniques for water quality assessment, treatment, reuse, desalination, protection, and development, and offers a valuable resource for engineers, graduate students and policymakers who are interested in sustainable water resources.

Water is perhaps the most important chemical substance known. Without it, the very existence of life would be questionable.

Yet its detailed structure and behavior in the condensed phase and the interfaces between the condensed phase and its environment remain somewhat controversial. Indeed as ever more sophisticated and novel experimental and theoretical tools are applied to the study of bulk liquid water and ice and its interfaces, it is becoming increasingly clear that this disparate information could heat the debate on the phase and interface behavior of water rather than cool it!

This book plans to achieve a unification of views towards the goal of understanding the microscopic structure and behavior of condensed phases of water at interfaces and progressing into the bulk.

This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today's water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.

In Iran, climate change combined with low adaptation capacity has an unparalleled impact on eco-systems as well as human livelihoods. The Roodasht region, in the lower part of the Zayandeh Rud basin in Central Iran, is severely affected by water scarcity, desertification and land degradation. This book describes the effects this has on the environment and society, analyzes the degree of vulnerability and suggests possible ways to improve land and water management. This book provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary insights into the environmental and social situation in the region, as well as possible solutions to deal with the current challenges. Written by German and Iranian scientists, NGO staff and government officials and bridging the gap between research and practical implementation, the book not only enhances our understanding of climate change and desertification, but also raises public awareness and promotes knowledge transfer between disciplines.

This book gathers the main international research findings on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as emerging contaminants in water. It focuses on the major routes of exposure, and the destinations and life cycles of NSAIDs in water, as well as the manifestations of toxicity in different organisms. It also reviews the methods used in the detection, analysis and quantification of NSAIDs in water as well as the biological and chemical methods of removing them. Lastly, the book offers an overview of the legal frameworks in place and provides conclusions and recommendations for the future. Given its scope, the book is an indispensable resource for scientists in academia and industry, as well as for decision-makers involved in contamination assessment and environmental analysis and NGOs interested in the problem of water contamination by NSAIDs.

Industrial Waste Treatment Process Engineering is a step-by-step implementation manual in three volumes, detailing the selection and design of industrial liquid and solid waste treatment systems. It consolidates all the process engineering principles required to evaluate a wide range of industrial facilities, starting with pollution prevention and source control and ending with end-of-pipe treatment technologies.
Industrial Waste Treatment Process Engineering guides experienced engineers through the various steps of industrial liquid and solid waste treatment. The structure of the text allows a wider application to various levels of experience. By beginning each chapter with a simplified explanation of applicable theory, expanding to practical design discussions, and finishing with system Flowsheets and Case Study detail calculations, readers can "enter or leave" a section according to their specific needs. As a result, this set serves as a primer for students engaged in environmental engineering studies AND a comprehensive single-source reference for experienced engineers. Industrial Waste Treatment Process Engineering includes design principles applicable to municipal systems with significant industrial influents. The information presented in these volumes is basic to conventional treatment procedures, while allowing evaluation and implementation of specialized and emerging treatment technologies.
What makes Industrial Waste Treatment Process Engineering unique is the level of process engineering detail. The facility evaluation section includes a step-by-step review of each major and support manufacturing operation, identifying probable contaminant discharges, practical prevention measures, and point source control procedures. This theoretical plant review is followed by procedures to conduct a site specific pollution control program. The unit operation chapters contain all the details needed to complete a treatment process design.

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the chemical analysis of UV filters in coastal waters and their impact on the marine environment. The sun care is today the most important sector within the cosmetics industry, with annual increases in sales. The main components of sunscreens, organic and inorganic UV filters, have been detected in many coastal regions, with the highest concentrations in coastal areas under high anthropogenic pressure. Moreover, these compounds have been found to be bioaccumulated in aquatic biota causing biological and toxicological responses; some organic UV filters act as endocrine disruptors in aquatic biota, affecting survival, behavior, growth, development and reproduction. On the other hand, inorganic UV filters, mainly based on nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to have various impacts on marine organisms, such as inducing oxidative stress in abalones, accumulating in microalgae, affecting the immune response in mussels, bleaching corals, and genotoxicity in fish, among others. All these effects of sunscreens on the marine environment highlight the need for more stringent and environmentally friendly regulations. This book covers the latest analytical methodologies used in assessing the impact of UV filters impact on marine waters, especially on marine biota, and also critiques the global regulation of UV filters and the environmental risk of using sunscreens. Featuring specific case studies of the environmental effects of sunscreens in the Mediterranean Sea and Hawaii, which highlight the importance of balancing human health with environmental health of coastal ecosystems, it will appeal not only to scientists and students from various disciplines (environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, fisheries and climate change among others), but also to environmental managers wanting to promote new restrictive regulations on the use of UV filters, and to professionals from the cosmetic industry interested in the development of eco-friendly sunscreens.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Practices and Innovations in Civil Engineering (SPICE 2019). The chapters discuss emerging and current research in sustainability in different areas of civil engineering, which aim to provide solutions to sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into the following six categories: (i) structural systems, (ii) environment and water resource systems, (iii) construction technologies, (iv)geotechnical systems, (v) innovative building materials, and (vi) transportation. This book will be of potential interest for students, researchers, and practitioners working in sustainable civil engineering related fields.

This book presents the latest findings and information on flash floods in Egypt and presents case studies from various regions throughout the country. The quantitative and qualitative dimensions of these flash floods are discussed on the basis of statistical analysis and field observations. The book covers a broad and diverse range of topics, including evaluation of drainage basins, early warning systems, flash flood investigations, hydrologic simulation, GIS and flash floods, environmental flash floods, hazard management, flash flood monitoring, assessment of flood risks, flash flood vulnerability and mitigation, management of flash floods, prediction and mitigation, and rainfall harvesting and utilization. The book offers a unique source of information on virtually all dimensions of flash floods in Egypt and their environmental impacts, and combines analysis, observations, and experts' hands-on field experience. It also supports the assessment and management of flash floods in Egypt, a country currently facing many challenges in implementing sustainable development plans, mainly because of the severe water scarcity the arid country facing.

This book analyzes the theory of ecological engineering of human settlements and provides case studies on the improvement of degraded lands and vegetation restoration, especially focusing on saline-alkali land, abandoned land, water source areas, and the impact of green belts on noise and air quality on the highways. In addition, it discusses the issue of biodiversity conservation strategies in rural landscape construction and demonstrates experiment measurement and field survey methods. The results obtained are supplemented by numerical calculations, presented in the form of tables and figures. As the first monograph on this subject, the book provides a wealth of ideas and resources for researchers, professionals and practitioners in the field of human settlements.

Nanotechnology progresses its concerts and suitability by improving its effectiveness, security and also reducing the impact and risk. Various chapters in this book are written by eminent scientists and prominent researchers in the field of nanotechnology across the world. This book is focused to put emerging techniques forward using nanoparticles for safe and nutritional food production, protecting crops from pests, increasing nutritional value and providing solutions for various environmental issues. The outcome of this book creates a path for wide usage of nanoparticles in food, agriculture and the environment fields. This book has clear and simple illustrations, tables and case studies to understand the content even by non-experts. This book especially deals with the nanotechnology for controlling plant pathogens, food packaging and preservation, agricultural productivity, waste water treatment and bioenergy production. Hence, this book can be adopted and used by many researchers and academicians in the fields of food, agriculture, environment and nanotechnology for catering the needs of sustainable future. The salient features of this book are * Describes nanotechnology as an interdisciplinary and emerging field in life sciences* Useful for researchers in the cutting edge life science related fields of nanoscience, nanobiology and nanotechnology* Deal with various problems in food, agriculture and environmental sector for sustainable solutions through the application of nanotechnology* Supported with illustrations in color, tables and case studies (wherever applicable), and * Contributed and well written by nanotechnology experts from across various disciplines

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Health, Safety, Fire, Environment, and Allied Sciences (HSFEA 2018), highlighting the latest developments in the field of science and technology aimed at improving health and safety in the workplace. The volume comprises content from leading scientists, engineers, and policy makers, discussing water pollution and advanced remedial measures, and the impact on health and the environment. Topics of discussion include research on emerging water pollutants, their sources, monitoring and control. The contents of this volume will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers alike.

This book presents solutions to address water security in rapidly urbanizing cities, and explores the new paradigms of water security in changing contexts. Highlighting the latest developments in water research, changes in water policy, and current discourses on water security, the book also provides information and tools for local stakeholders, water managers, and policymakers to build the capacity for sustainable water governance. The book discusses a wide range of sustainable solutions and their implementation to ensure that the balance between water supply and demand remains sustainable in the long term, with a focus on local solutions to build capacity and developing policy awareness for a wide range of stakeholders. As the concept of urban water security in changing contexts is open to multiple interpretations, the authors set out various approaches. Providing an overview of the changing perspectives of urban water security in different contexts, the book is based on findings of the Asia-Pacific Network water security project at the United Nations University, Tokyo, as well as the authors' current research-based at Pokhara University, Nepal, Hosei University, Tokyo, Institute for the Global Environmental Strategies, Japan and the Australian National University, Australia. The book also includes the views of international authorities (such as water experts) on the subject. The solutions are complemented by analysis of case studies of various localized sustainable solutions at different scales. The book is a valuable resource for water professionals and policymakers around the globe, academics, teachers working in water-related areas, NGOs, think thanks, water research institutes, donor organizations, and international and local water utility services.

This book reviews the globally important freshwater resource of the Great Lakes, which is currently threatened by contaminants that compromise water quality and impact its ecological and economic health. Divided into four parts, this volume covers historic, current and emerging sources of contamination from heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants to microplastics; and identifies their ecological impacts. Due to factors ranging from rapidly changing land use practices, climate change and our emerging understanding of their impact on biological, chemical and physical interactions, the effectiveness of management strategies has proven highly variable. Continued enhancements in the rate of lake recovery are required to sustain the health of the Great Lakes. Accordingly, the book also explores recent advances in contaminant detection, along with future steps forward in lake management approaches. Revealing our current knowledge gaps and providing a roadmap towards sustainable solutions, the book offers a valuable asset for scientists, managers and the public alike.

An essential introduction to the powerful new developments in optoelectronics

Tunable laser diodes, characterized by their unique ability to "tune in"to different wavelengths, thus significantly improving the efficiency of the switch, are rapidly becoming key components for advanced optical communication. Tunable Laser Diodes and Related Optical Sources, Second Edition is a much-needed single reference covering the range of optical networks and the components they require, with emphasis on tunable lasers. Written by respected experts in this groundbreaking technology, this resource covers fundamentals not only of tunable laser diodes, but also modern laser diodes in general, from theory to applications.

Highlights include: Basic properties of semiconductor lasers Essential properties for single-mode laser diodes Principles, design and practice of tunable laser diodes Optical components related to tunable lasers and non-semiconductor tunable lasers Application areas like optical communication, radar, environmental sensing, reflectometry, and circuit analysis

Designed for engineers developing tunable lasers for optical networks, as well as graduate students enrolled in the optical engineering curriculum, Tunable Laser Diodes and Related Optical Sources, Second Edition promises to be the definitive resource on this groundbreaking optoelectronics technology.

This book reviews the latest developments concerning the analysis, fate, behaviour and toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Over the last few decades, pyrethroid insecticides have increasingly replaced organochlorine pesticides due to their relatively lower mammalian toxicity, selective insecticide activity and lower environmental persistence. They represent 25% of global sales of insecticides, and are considered to be "safe" since they are converted to non-toxic metabolites by oxidative metabolism in fish and by hydrolysis in mammals. However, recent studies have demonstrated their environmental ubiquity, their bioaccumulation and their toxicity in various aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and even in humans. Featuring contributions by leading experts, the book discusses the physico-chemical properties and uses of pyrethroid insecticides; the latest chemical analytical methods; their occurrence in the environment, biota and food; and their isomeric and enantiomeric behaviour. It particularly highlights the toxicological effects and human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides, and also offers insights into the effects of the salmon industry on the marine environment with a case study of sea lice treatment using pyrethroids. This comprehensive book is a valuable source of information for environmental scientists, policymakers and producers interested in issues related to pyrethroid insecticides.

This book consists of select peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Environmental Engineering and Science (SEES) 2019. The main focus of the book is to propose sustainable technologies to address the growing environmental challenges. The contents cover several topics of relevance such as air pollution, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, industrial pollution, and suggests eco-friendly and cost-effective techniques to tackle them. Given the range of topics covered, the book will be useful to researchers and professionals working in the multidisciplinary area of sustainability.

Commercial chemicals contribute to our social welfare, yet can pose serious problems for the environment. How do we recognise these problems? How do we manage them? How do we objectively balance environmental risks with social benefits? This book describes the principles and practices of ecological risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis, asking key but challenging questions such as what are we trying to protect? and how do we undertake a cost-benefit analysis?. It also shows how these principles are written into legislation. The emphasis is on the EU Directives and Regulations, with a chapter on the instruments and institutions involved; but this is balanced by a review of US and International policies and legislation. In conclusion, the discussion returns to the question of attempting to balance risks with benefits, particularly in the context of the development of sustainable and globally practicable chemical control policies. The text is supplemented by a glossary that defines the inevitably large number of abbreviations and acronyms used by environmental policy-makers and regulators. The book is intended for all those who have an interest in industrial chemicals, but who need an overview of pollution and pollution control issues. It will provide an excellent reference tool for undergraduates in Environmental Science, and Policy-Makers and Environmental Consultants in the areas of ecology, ecotoxicology and risk assessment.

We are proposing this comprehensive volume aimed at bridging and bonding of the theory and practical experiences for the elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil utilizing innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies and their possible combinations. Nowadays, a broad range of contaminants are emerging from the industry (and also representing old ecological burdens). Accidents and improper wastewater treatment requires a fast, efficient and cost-effective approach. Therefore, several innovative technologies of water and soil treatments have been invented and suggested in a number of published papers. Out of these, some nanotechnologies and biotechnologies (and possibly also their mutual combinations) turned out to be promising for practical utilization - i.e., based on both extensive laboratory testing and pilot-scale verification. With respect to the diverse character of targeted pollutants, the key technologies covered in this book will include oxidation, reduction, sorption and/or biological degradation. In relation to innovative technologies and new emerging pollutants mentioned in this proposed book, an important part will also cover the ecotoxicity of selected pollutants and novel nanomaterials used for remediation. Thus, this work will consist of 8 sections/chapters with a technical appendix as an important part of the book, where some technical details and standardized protocols will be clearly presented for their possible implementation at different contaminated sites. Although many previously published papers and books (or book chapters) are devoted to some aspects of nano-/biotechnologies, here we will bring a first complete and comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in innovative technologies with a clear demonstration of the applicability of particular methods based on results of the authors from pilot tests (i.e., based on the data collected within several applied projects, mainly national project "Environmentally friendly nanotechnologies and biotechnologies in water and soil treatment" of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and 7FP project NANOREM: "Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment"). This multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad audience including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers and toxicologists (and of course graduate students of diverse fields - material science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering etc.).