This thesis demonstrates the first use of high-speed ultrasound
imaging to non-invasively probe how the interior of a dense
suspension responds to impact. Suspensions of small solid particles
in a simple liquid can generate a rich set of dynamic phenomena
that are of fundamental scientific interest because they do not
conform to the typical behavior expected of either solids or
liquids. Most remarkable is the highly counter-intuitive ability of
concentrated suspensions to strongly thicken and even solidify when
sheared or impacted. The understanding of the mechanism driving
this solidification is, however, still limited, especially for the
important transient stage while the response develops as a function
of time. In this thesis, high-speed ultrasound imaging is
introduced to track, for the first time, the transition from the
flowing to the solidified state and directly observe the shock-like
shear fronts that accompany this transition. A model is developed
that agrees quantitatively with the experimental measurements. The
combination of imaging techniques, experimental design, and
modeling in this thesis represents a major breakthrough for the
understanding of the dynamic response of dense suspensions, with
important implications for a wide range of applications ranging
from the handling of slurries to additive manufacturing.
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