In the only book to date to explore the period between the 1859
publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species "and the discovery in
1900 of Gregor Mendel's experiments in genetics, John S. Haller,
Jr., shows the relationship between scientific "conviction" and
public policy. He focuses on the numerous liberally educated
American scientists who were caught up in the triumph of
evolutionary ideas and who sought to apply those ideas to
comparative morality, health, and the physiognomy of nonwhite
races.
During this period, the natural and social scientists of the day
not only accepted without question the genetic and cultural
superiority of the Caucasian; they also asserted that the Caucasian
race held a monopoly on evolutionary progress, arguing that
"inferior races" were no more than evolutionary survivors doomed by
their genetic legacy to remain outcasts from evolution.
Hereditarians and evolutionists believed that "less fit" human
races were perishing from the rigors of civilization's struggle and
competition. Indeed, racial inferiority lay at the very foundation
of the evolutionary framework and, remaining there, rose to the
pinnacle of "truth" with the myth of scientific certainty.
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