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John Locke and Natural Philosophy (Paperback)
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John Locke and Natural Philosophy (Paperback)
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Peter Anstey presents a thorough and innovative study of John
Locke's views on the method and content of natural philosophy.
Focusing on Locke's Essay concerning Human Understanding, but also
drawing extensively from his other writings and manuscript remains,
Anstey argues that Locke was an advocate of the Experimental
Philosophy: the new approach to natural philosophy championed by
Robert Boyle and the early Royal Society who were opposed to
speculative philosophy. On the question of method, Anstey shows how
Locke's pessimism about the prospects for a demonstrative science
of nature led him, in the Essay, to promote Francis Bacon's method
of natural history, and to downplay the value of hypotheses and
analogical reasoning in science. But, according to Anstey, Locke
never abandoned the ideal of a demonstrative natural philosophy,
for he believed that if we could discover the primary qualities of
the tiny corpuscles that constitute material bodies, we could then
establish a kind of corpuscular metric that would allow us a
genuine science of nature. It was only after the publication of the
Essay, however, that Locke came to realize that Newton's Principia
provided a model for the role of demonstrative reasoning in science
based on principles established upon observation, and this led him
to make significant revisions to his views in the 1690s. On the
content of Locke's natural philosophy, it is argued that even
though Locke adhered to the Experimental Philosophy, he was not
averse to speculation about the corpuscular nature of matter.
Anstey takes us into new terrain and new interpretations of Locke's
thought in his explorations of his mercurialist transmutational
chymistry, his theory of generation by seminal principles, and his
conventionalism about species.
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