Volume 11 of this series presents five timely reviews on current
research on alkaloids. Chapter 1 by Paul L. Schiff, Jr. is a
monumental survey of research that has been carried out over the
past decade on the "Thalictrum" alkaloids. Forty-six new alkaloids
are described from fifteen species of the genus "Thalictrum," as
well as 116 alkaloids of known structure from thirty-six species
and subspecies of the genus. The chapter includes discussions of
isolation and structure elucidation, analysis, biosynthesis, cell
culture, and pharmacology. Also featured are inclusive compilations
of botanical sources, alkaloids by alkaloid types, and calculated
molecular weights of the "Thalictrum" alkaloids.
Chapter 2 by Giovanni Appendino provides a fascinating treatment
of Taxine, a collective name referring to a mixture of diterpenoid
alkaloids from the yew tree (genus: "Taxus"). Taxine is responsible
for the toxic properties of the yew tree that has been documented
in historical and fictional literature, from Julius Caesar to
Shakespeare, and from Agatha Christie to T.S. Eliot. The chapter
treats the history, isolation techniques, structure elucidation,
chemistry, and pharmacology of Taxine.
Chapter 3 by Mary D. Menachery surveys the alkaloids of South
American Menispermaceae (moonseed family). Many different
structural types are included in this family. The alkaloid-bearing
plants are woody-vines, shrubs, or small trees. Several of these
species possess potent curare activity. The chemistry as well as
pharmacology of these alkaloids is summarized.
Chapter 4 by Russell J. Molyneux, Robert J. Nash, and Naoki
Asano treats the chemistry and biological activity of the
calystegines and related "nor"tropane alkaloids. These
polyhydroxylated bicyclic alkaloids represent another class of
compounds that inhibit glycosidases, producing profound effects in
biological systems by disrupting the essential cellular function of
glycoprotein processing.
Chapter 5, a related chapter by Robert J. Nash, Naoki Asano, and
Alison A. Watson, reviews polyhydroxylated alkaloids that inhibit
glycosidases. Topics covered include distribution, ecological
significance and toxicity, isolation, synthesis, and
biosynthesis.
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