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Nanodispersions (Paperback, Digital original)
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Nanodispersions (Paperback, Digital original)
Series: De Gruyter Textbook
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General introduction - Definition of nanodispersions
(nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, swollen micelles or
microemulsions, liposomes and vesicles) and their size range.
General description of their colloid stability. Main advantages of
nanodispersions and their industrial applications. Preparation of
nanosuspensions by top-up process - Nucleation and growth and
control of particle size distribution. Factors determining the
formation of narrow particle size distribution. Role of surfactants
and polymers. Preparation of nano-polymer colloids (lattices) by
emulsion and dispersion polymerization. Factors affects the
stability of nanosuspensions. Preparation of nanosuspensions by
bottom down process - Dispersion of preformed particles in liquids
and the need of a wetting agent. Break-up of aggregates and
agglomerates by application of high speed stirrers. Reduction of
particle size by application of intense energy (microfluidization
or bead milling). Maintenance of the colloid stability of the
resulting particles. Reduction of Ostwald ripening. Industrial
applications of nanosuspensions - Application in pharmacy to
enhance bioavailability, Application in sunscreens for UV
protection. Application in paints and coatings. Preparation of
nanoemulsions by the use of high pressure homogenisers - Principles
of emulsion formation and the role of the emulsifier. Selection of
emulsifiers. Methods of emulsification and prevention of
coalescence during emulsification. Origin of colloid stability of
nanoemulsions. Prevention of Ostwald ripening Low energy methods
for nanoemulsion preparation - The phase inversion composition
method and the role of mixing the surfactant with oil and water.
The phase inversion temperature method for preparation of
nanoemulsions. Preparation of nanoemulsions by dilution of
microemulsions. Practical examples of nanoemulsions and their
industrial application - Nanoemulsions based on non-ionic
surfactants and the role of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.
Effect of oil solubility on the stabilityof nanoemulsions.
Nanoemulsions based on polymeric surfactants. Applications in
pharmacy and cosmetics. Swollen micelles or
microemulsionsDefinition of microemulsions and their size range.
Thermodynamic definition of microemulstions. Theories of
microemulsion formation and stability. Characterisation of
microemulsions using scattering, conductivity and NMR rechniques.
Formulation of microemulsions and their industrial applications -
Distinction between microemulsions and macroemulsions. Formulation
of oil/water and water/oil microemulsions. Selection of emulsifiers
for microemulsions. Application of microemulsions in tertiary oil
recovery. Liposomes and vesicles - Formation of multilamellar lipid
layers (liposomes) by dispersion of lipids in water. Formation of
unilamellar vesicles by sonication of the liposomes. Factors
responsible for stabilisation of liposomes and vesicles. Use of
block copolymers to enhance the stability of vesicles. Applications
of liposomes and vesicles in pharmacy and cosmetics.
General
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