Plants are a major source of medicines, flavors, fragrances, and
various pharmaceutical and industrial products. Biotechnology is
being put to the service for mass clonal propagation of plants, and
to produce impor- tant secondary products in cell cultures. In some
cases cell cultures ac- cumulate higher amounts of products than
the intact plant cells in situ, and such cultures can be stored
through immobilization and cryopreser- vation. An in vitro-produced
anti-inflammatory drug, shikonin, has been commercialized, and the
recent observations on the increased pro- duction of atropine and
hyoscyamine by Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformed
"hairy roots" have encouraged the acceptance of such
biotechnologies by the pharmaceutical industry. In an earlier
volume, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I, various aspects of
in-vitro culture of cells, bioreactors, micropropagation, im-
mobilization, and cryopreservation were discussed. The present
volume concerns the application of these biotechnologies to 29
genera of medicinal and aromatic plants. It deals with the
distribution, economic importance, conventional propagation, micro
propagation, review of tissue culture studies, and the in-vitro
production of important medicinal and pharmaceutical compounds in
various species of Angelica, Anisodus, Basel/a, Bupleurum,
Camellia, Co ix, Coptis, Cryp- tomeria, Datura, Dioscorea,
Foeniculum, Gardenia, Geigeria, Heimia, Humulus, Hyoscyamus,
Jasminum, Macleaya, Mucuna, Nicotiana, Pimpinel/a, Rauwolfia, Ruta,
Salvia, So/anum, Saponaria, Stevia, Tabernaemontana, and Zingiber.
The potential role of biotechnology for industrial production is
discussed. Biotechnology enables the production and isolation of
products of higher purity and also opens the possibility of making
desired molecular alterations in products.
General
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