A distinct branch of the multi-faceted fishing industry, trawling dates back at least to the 1370s when attempts were made to prohibit the use of a primitive trawling device, the 'wondyrychoun' on the Thames. But it was not until the late 18th century that the beam trawl was deployed to any great extent, the fishermen of Barking and Brixham claiming credit for pioneering the technique. Thereafter, particularly from the 1840s, trawling eclipsed seining, drifting and line fishing as the principal method of capture, a transition which not only underpinned the growth of east coast fishing stations such as Hull and Grimsby, but also explained Britain's emergence as the largest and most successful of Europe's fishing nations. The rapid adoption of the steam trawler in the 1880s confirmed these trends and facilitated the exploitation of more distant fishing grounds. Two World Wars, a series of Cod Wars and intense foreign competition have eroded Britain's pre-eminence in the 20th century, so much so that by the early 1990s her interests in distant water trawling were negligible. The author adopts a largely chronological approach to chart the rise and fall of trawling in Britain. Using an array of primary sources, he identifies the key factors - growing demand, links with markets, technological change, political rivalries - which have conditioned the performance of the trawling business. A number of themes permeate the work, including the life and working conditions of the trawlermen, the place of trawling in the fishing industry at large, attitudes to the conservation of fish stocks and the role of government in the prosecution and prosperity of the trawl fishery. In dealing with such issues, the book provides a well balanced, thoroughly researched account of a vital arm of Britain's 19th and 20th century fishing industry.

Key features: The most comprehensive resource available on the biodiversity of algal species, their industrial production processes and their use for human consumption in food, health and varied applications. Emphasis on basic and applied research, addressing aspects of scale-up for commercial exploitation for the development of novel phytochemicals (phytochemicals from algae). Addresses the underexplored and underutilized potential of chemicals from marine sources for health benefits. Each chapter, written by expert contributors from around the world, includes Summary Points, Figures and Tables, as well as up-to-date references. The first book in this two-volume set explores the diversity of algal constituents for health and disease applications. The commercial value of chemicals of value to food and health is about $6 billion annually, of which 30 percent relates to micro and macro algal metabolites and products for health food applications. This comprenhensive volume looks in detail at algal genomics and metabolomics as well as mass production of microalgae. As a whole, the two-volume set covers all micro and macro algal forms and their traditional uses; their constituents which are of value for food, feed, specialty chemicals, bioactive compounds for novel applications, and bioenergy molecules. Bio-business and the market share of algae-based products are also dealt with, providing global perspectives.

Sustainable Biofloc Systems for Marine Shrimp describes the biofloc-dominated aquaculture systems developed over 20 years of research at Texas A&M AgriLife Research Mariculture Laboratory for the nursery and grow-out production of the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The book is useful for all stakeholders, with special attention given to entrepreneurs interested in building a pilot biofloc-dominated system. In addition to the content of its 15 chapters that cover topics on design, operation and economic analysis, the book includes appendices that expand on relevant topics, links to Excel sheets that assist in calculations, and video links that illustrate important operations tasks.

Since the first edition of this book, 17 years ago, aquaculture has consolidated its position as an important means of producing food and as a contributor to global food security. Cage aquaculture too has continued to expand apace. The third edition of this important, useful and well-received book maintains the original aim of providing a thorough synthesis of information on cages and cage aquaculture practices with data and examples encompassing all major world regions.

Fully updated, the book's comprehensive contents include details of the origin and principles of cage aquaculture and an overview of its current position. Contents of the chapters following include key information on cage design and construction, site selection, environmental impacts and environmental capacity, management, and potential problems in cage aquaculture systems. A comprehensive reference list and index are included to help readers.

The volume is essential reading for all personnel involved in fish and shellfish farms that use cages, and for all those embarking on a career in aquaculture. Cage manufacturers and others supplying the aquaculture trade will find much of commercial use within the book. All those involved in aquaculture research and equipment design should have a copy of this most useful book. All libraries in universities and research establishments where aquaculture, environmental science, aquatic science, fish biology and fisheries are studied and taught should have several copies on their shelves.

Molluscan Shellfish Aquaculture is a useable manual for all those interested in an up-to-date introduction to the field. Each of the major cultured species of commercial importance is covered, providing cutting-edge information of practical use to all those involved in shellfish aquaculture. The book's editor and chapter authors are among the most widely known and respected authorities working in the industry and academia. Species covered include mussels, clams, oysters (including pearl oysters), scallops, cephalopods, abalone and gastropods. Molluscan Shellfish Aquaculture contains a huge wealth of information of great use for personnel working in the industry, with chapters covering site selection, hatchery construction, disease, biofouling, best management practice and certification.

Safeguard the success of aquaculture operations without expensive antibiotics Diseases are a major threat to the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Because antibiotics have many drawbacks, increasing importance is being placed on understanding the mechanisms that make nutrition a key factor in host defense against pathogens. Nutrition and Fish Health is the first book to provide comprehensive information on nutrition as a means to improve fish health and defend against infection. Nutrition and Fish Health offers state-of-the-art information on diseases affecting cold-water and warm-water fish, as well as marine shrimp. It comprehensively addresses such vital issues as: nutrition and feeding management immuno-stimulants mycotoxins fish immune system mechanisms the use of vaccines nutrition and environmental stressNutrition and Fish Health is a comprehensive guide to using nutrition to make your aquaculture operation a success. Proper fish nutrition can help you: reduce the risk of disease decrease the risk of environmental contamination associated with the use of antibiotics increase production of good quality product increase profitsGenerously illustrated with graphs, charts, tables, and photographs, Nutrition and Fish Health is an essential guidebook for aquaculturists, fish producers, extension agents, aquaculture students, disease specialists, and feed formulators.

We are just beginning to discover the importance of vitamin C in the health of natural and man-made ecosystems. Synthesis of ascorbic acid is well understood, but algae as the only source of ascorbate in the aquatic food pyramid has not been explored. There is an expanding field of the culture of aquatic organisms that demand formulated feeds to best meet their requirements for health, growth, and reproduction. With over 100 species now cultured for human consumption, the question arises as to whether we have reliable information for the dietary needs for vitamin C for even a small percentage of these organisms. A comprehensive approach to the role of vitamin C at the cellular level as well as in the aquatic food chains, this book discusses growth and reproduction, disease resistance, and toxicology of aquatic organisms. Ascorbic Acid in Aquatic Organisms was written as the offshoot of a special session on aquatic organisms and practical aquaculture at the 1998 World Aquaculture Society (WAS) meeting. This book reviews the research already available and identifies new directions for research. It is a unique combination of good nutrition research, ecology, and practical aquaculture (for instance brine shrimp enrichment). This interdisciplinary volume will appeal to marine fish culturists, aquatic biologists, comparative and evolutionary cellular physiologists, and environmental toxicologists.

Fish constitutes a limited - and jeopardized - natural resource. Yet, in order to meet expanding demand from consumers and, consequently, industry, developed countries import ever increasing volumes of fish. While decommissioned vessels from Northern fleets are being transferred to the South to alleviate pressure on depleted European stocks, countries in the South are exporting more and more sea products to the North. In these conditions, how are the food requirements of impoverished populations, for whom fish is a vital source of protein, going to be met? The author argues that solutions do exist, although they entail a number of conditions: thesharing of resources, protection of the environment, implementation ofmeasures for responsible fisheries, and integrated aquaculture. In addition, in order to develop an integrated form of aquaculture, the rights of fishworkers must be reinforced, since government policies bent on modernization and protection of natural resources often lead to theirmarginalization. This book, based on over ten years' involvement with fishworkers' associations in the North and South, provides an overview of fisheries and makes proposals for the integration of social aspects in a new fishing policy. It will be of interest to all those who are keen to develop their environmental awareness and are concerned about the welfare of fishworkers.

This title was first published in 2002: This important collection of international research on fisheries economics offers a comprehensive source of contemporary research on key topics in the field, as well as presenting the history of how the economic theory of fisheries exploitation has developed. Bringing into focus a wide range of inquiry, this volume concentrates most particularly on the traditional economic problem of optimal resource allocation. Individual papers examine fundamental issues including, the lack of efficiency of open access and the specification of exactly what dynamic efficiency entails. Fisheries Economics is an invaluable research reference collection for the libraries of academic and other professional economists, as well as an indispensable resource for those studying across the fields of natural resources, fisheries economics and particularly fisheries management.

Presents information that can be useful to facilitate the aquaculture of a wide variety of food species. Operation of an economically successful aquaculture venture depends upon the complete life cycle of a species occurring in captivity. Possible solutions to how such complete control of life cycles of important food organisms might be accomplished are presented in each chapter. Whereas this volume (Part A) deals with Seaweeds and Invertebrates, a compendium volume (Part B) deals with Fishes.

It is perhaps because fishes live in a buoyant medium, whether it be fresh or sea water, that they show a diversity in body shapes that is unparalleled by other vertebrates. There is also a unique diversity in the modes of reproduction, whether by external or internal fertilization, and this, with the morphology and fine structure of the reproductive system and its components, is the subject of the present volume. A large part of this book deals with the ultrastructure of spermatozoa, with some discussion of phylogenetic implications.

To properly conserve, restore and manage riverine ecosystems and the services they provide, it is pertinent to understand their functional dynamics. Growing human populations and high dependency on natural resources in developing countries have exerted pressure on land and water resources. However, there is a major knowledge gap concerning the influence of human activities on the functioning of tropical rivers in terms of organic matter processing and energy sources supporting riverine consumers. This thesis explores the functioning of tropical upland streams and savanna rivers by assessing the spatial and temporal dynamics in organic processing under different land-use and discharge conditions and the resultant influence on energy sources for riverine consumers. This thesis contributes to the theories of river functioning and has improved understanding of the functioning of African tropical streams by identifying a diverse macroinvertebrate shredder guild and determining its role in organic matter processing. This thesis also shows that large mammalian herbivores enhance terrestrial-aquatic food web linkages in African savanna rivers via the transfer of organic matter. The findings of this researcht are useful for defining future research needs and actions for sustainable management of agriculturally influenced streams and savanna rivers in landscapes witnessing declining wildlife populations and changing land uses.

First published in 1985. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis.

Aquaculture is increasingly complementing global fisheries and is relevant to ocean and freshwater health, biodiversity and food security, as well as coastal management, tourism and natural heritage. This book makes the case for treating the governance of this industry as meriting attention in its own right, abandoning the polemic discussions of fish farming and opening up new ways for debating its past, present and future. Developing and applying an original analytical framework for studying fish farming aquaculture, embedded into larger theory about the changing political system, the author generates and compares new data on the governance of aquaculture. Detailed case studies are presented of Scottish salmon, Aquitaine trout in France and seabass and seabream in Greece. The book shows how ecological issues are related to economic and social issues, as well as interdependences between territories, public and private regulation and different knowledge forms, demonstrating that these are creating alternative approaches for sustainability governance. It provides a deeper understanding of the political aspects of governing European aquaculture, including how it both is structured by and is structuring politics. It is aimed at advanced students, researchers and professionals in aquaculture and fisheries, as well as those with a broader interest in sustainability politics and sustainability governing practices.

Fish is one of the most highly perishable commodities and the public requires continuous reassurance about its quality. Futhermore, consumer taste is moving to more highly perishable fish products, which require more careful attention in preparation and storage. The fourth edition of Control of Fish Quality, which is truly international in scope, provides sound and practical advice on all aspects of this subject, from harvesting to retailing. The new fourth edition is a comprehensive revision that takes full account of all new findings and ideas to emerge in the five years since publication of the last edition. Numerous detailed ammendments have been made and this edition includes some entirely new sections.

As salmonids have been reared for more than a century in many countries, one might expect that principles are well established and provide a solid foundation for salmonid aquaculture. Indeed, some of the methods used today in salmonid rearing are nearly identical to those employed one hundred years ago. Areas of salmonid research today include nutrition, smolt and stress physiology, genetics and biotechnology.

The purpose of this book is to provide a useful synthesis of the biology and culture of salmonid fishes. The important practices in salmonid culture as well as the theory behind them is described. This volume will be of interest to students, researchers, fisheries biologists and managers as well as practising aquaculturists.

Algae have been used since ancient times as food, fodder, fertilizer and as source of medicine. Nowadays seaweeds represent an unlimited source of the raw materials used in pharmaceutical, food industries, medicine and cosmetics. They are nutritionally valuable as fresh or dried vegetables, or as ingredients in a wide variety of prepared foods. In particular, seaweeds contain significant quantities of protein, lipids, minerals and vitamins. There is limited information about the role of algae and algal metabolites in medicine. Only a few taxa have been studied for their use in medicine. Many traditional cultures report curative powers from selected alga, in particular tropical and subtropical marine forms. This is especially true in the maritime areas of Asia, where the sea plays a significant role in daily activities. Nonetheless, at present, only a few genera and species of algae are involved in aspects of medicine and therapy. Beneficial uses of algae or algal products include those that may mimic specific manifestations of human diseases, production of antibiotic compounds, or improvement of human nutrition in obstetrics, dental research, thallassotherapy, and forensic medicine.

Intensive systems require a high degree of technical and management skill, enabling fish to be produced on a predictable volume basis to correspond with the needs of modern food processing and distribution. Now available in paperback, Intensive Fish Farming explains, at a level suited to both the professional and the student, the environmental requirements of fish, the different husbandry systems used, the problems of reprduction, nutrition and disease control. The editors have assembled an international team of experts to provide one of the most authoritative and comprehensive reference works available in this field, meeting the needs of both the academic and commercial world. Separate chapters consider the different aspects of successful intensification operations drawing on examples from the marine farming industry of Japan and the freshwater farming industries of the USA and Israel. A concluding chapter highlights current world trends and future prospects. The overall emphasis of this exceptional text is on the technical and economic factors which determine success in this important growth area of food production.

This unique book introduces the biological and ecological basis of the production process in water, and the biology of cultured species. It bridges the gap between research data and aquaculture techniques, and covers problems arising in aquaculture production, such as filtering molluscs. It also introduced modern aspects of oceanography that are important for understanding the production process. The book starts with a section dedicated to the production of living material and matter in the aquatic environment. It then goes on to explore in detail the biological basis of mollusc, crustacean and fish cultures, and the reproduction and nutrition of bivalve molluscs. Also discussed are the intensive and extensive aquaculture producing processes in fresh and marine waters, and finally the pathology reared animals. Up-to-date data are provided and explained to the student using graphs and copious illustrations. The work is especially orientated toward the student reader and provides a comprehensive and authoritative text on the subject.

Stock Assessment: Quantitative Methods and Applications for Small Scale Fisheries is a book about stock assessment as it is practiced. It focuses on applications for small scale or artisanal fisheries in developing countries, however it is not limited in applicability to tropical waters and should also be considered a resource for students of temperate fishery management problems. It incorporates a careful sample design, various mathematical models as a basis for predicting consequences for stock exploitation, and discusses the impact of exploitation on non-targeted species. This was a unique concept involving a collaborative effort between U.S. and host country scientists to address issues of regional and global concern through innovative research.
Unlike other books on stock assessment that show mathematical models, this is the only book of its kind that discusses how an assessment is carried out. It looks at the field as a whole and includes sampling, age determination and acoustics.
The book represents the culmination of a nine-year program financed by the United States Agency for International Development to provide new or improved methods of stock assessment for artisanal fisheries.

Physical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef is the first comprehensive volume describing the water circulation and its influence in controlling the distribution of marine life on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The book uses exhaustive field and numerical studies to show how the influence of the salient topography occurs at all scales.

This two-volume reference presents a series of review and research articles on advances in computing, marine physics, and remote sensing and addresses their importance to shallow sea modeling. Intended as a tribute to Dr. Norman Heaps, topics in the book reflect the range and diversity of his work, as well as his influence on international marine science. Topics discussed include numerical techniques, flow in homogenous sea regions, stratified flows, lake regimes, validation of numerical models, remote sensing as a method to collect oceanographic data at the sea surface, and bottom boundary modeling. Marine scientists actively involved in mathematical modeling and scientists who are interested in using models as tools to gain more insight and understanding of the processes they are observing will find this text useful.

Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment draws from the author's experience with a variety of problems dealing with the fate, distribution, and toxicity of organic compounds in the aquatic environment. It discusses the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology, with an emphasis on microbial reactions. The necessary input and the difficulties of achieving a rigorous synthesis of the various elements are illustrated with specific examples. The book includes a wide range of structurally diverse compounds as illustration and presents a mechanistic approach to biodegradation and biotransformation. The final chapter addresses the issue of environmental hazard assessment and constructs a strategy for carrying it out.

Artemia is widely used in both life-sciences research and aquaculture. Although there are over 4000 references regarding Artemia, the literature is widely scattered. Artemia Biology provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of this literature, containing a considerable amount of previously unpublished data. Although all aspects of Artemia biology are covered, the book emphasizes whole-organism approaches. Topics covered include molecular genetics, ontogeny, clonal diversity, mitochondrial DNA-based phylogeny, and comparisons of Artemia and Parartemia (including a taxonomic key to Parartemia species). The book also contains the latest information on Artemia culturing in fertilized ponds and culture tanks, as well as the use of the organism as a food source. Researchers investigating basic biological questions involving molecular genetics, biochemistry, enzymatic and developmental activities, physiology, ecological genetics and adaptation, ecology, and aquaculture production will find this book indispensable.

* Graphs and figures to summarize important production figures* Emphasizes cultured bivalve species* Includes bivalve culture research from United States, Mexico, South and Central America, Europe, India, Japan, China, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, and the coral atolls of the Pacific Ocean