Onc service malhemalics has rendered Ihe "Et moil ... si ravait au oomment en revcnir. je n'y serais point aU' ' human race. It has put common sense back whcre it belongs, on the topmost shelf next Iules Verne to the dUlty canister IabeUed 'discarded n- sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be Eric T. BeU able to do something with it. O. H eaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought, A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other pans and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'are of this series."

The Second Edition of this acclaimed text helps you apply theory to real-world applications in mathematics, physics, and engineering. It easily guides you through complex analysis with its excellent coverage of topics such as series, residues, and the evaluation of integrals; multi-valued functions; conformal mapping; dispersion relations; and analytic continuation. Worked examples plus a large number of assigned problems help you understand how to apply complex concepts and build your own skills by putting them into practice. This edition features many new problems, revised sections, and an entirely new chapter on analytic continuation.

From the author of the highly-acclaimed "A First Course in Real Analysis" comes a volume designed specifically for a short one-semester course in real analysis. Many students of mathematics and the physical and computer sciences need a text that presents the most important material in a brief and elementary fashion. The author meets this need with such elementary topics as the real number system, the theory at the basis of elementary calculus, the topology of metric spaces and infinite series. There are proofs of the basic theorems on limits at a pace that is deliberate and detailed, backed by illustrative examples throughout and no less than 45 figures.

This is the second of three major volumes which present a comprehensive treatment of the theory of the main classes of special functions from the point of view of the theory of group representations. This volume deals with the properties of special functions and orthogonal polynomials (Legendre, Gegenbauer, Jacobi, Laguerre, Bessel and others) which are related to the class 1 representations of various groups. The tree method for the construction of bases for representation spaces is given. Continuous' bases in the spaces of functions on hyperboloids and cones and corresponding Poisson kernels are found. Also considered are the properties of the q-analogs of classical orthogonal polynomials, related to representations of the Chevalley groups and of special functions connected with fields of p-adic numbers. Much of the material included appears in book form for the first time and many of the topics are presented in a novel way. This volume will be of great interest to specialists in group representations, special functions, differential equations with partial derivatives and harmonic anlysis. Subscribers to the complete set of three volumes will be entitled to a discount of 15%.

This dictionary offers clear and reliable explanations of over 100 keywords covering the entire field of non-classical continuum mechanics and generalized mechanics, including the theory of elasticity, heat conduction, thermodynamic and electromagnetic continua, as well as applied mathematics. Every entry includes the historical background and the underlying theory, basic equations and typical applications. The reference list for each entry provides a link to the original articles and the most important in-depth theoretical works. Last but not least, ever y entry is followed by a cross-reference to other related subject entries in the dictionary.

This monograph presents a concise yet elementary account of exterior differential system theory so that it can be quickly applied to problems. The first part of the monograph, Chapters 1-5, deals with the general theory: the Cartan-Kaehler theorem is proved, the notions of involution and prolongation are carefully laid out, quasi-linear differential systems are examined in detail, and explicit examples of the Spencer cohomology groups and the characteristic variety are given. The second part of the monograph, Chapters 6 and 7, deals with applications to problems in differential geometry: the isometric embedding theorem of Cartan-Janet and its various geometric ramifications are discussed, a proof of the Andreotti-Hill theorem on the O-R embedding problem is given, and embeddings of abstract projective structures are discussed. For researchers and graduate students who would like a good introduction to exterior differential systems. This volume will also be particularly useful to those whose work involves differential geometry and partial differential equations.

One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi .... si favait su comment en revenir, je human race. It has put common sense back n'y serais point a1l6.' lules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty eanister labelled 'discarded nonsense' . Erie T. Bell The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do something with it O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and nonlineari ties abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sci ences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One ser vice topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered computer science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series. This series, Mathematics and Its Applications, started in 1977. Now that over one hundred volumes have appeared it seems opportune to reexamine its scope. At the time I wrote "Growing specia1ization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the 'tree' of knowledge of mathematics and It also happens, quite often in related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches."

This book focuses on the properties of nonlinear systems of PDE with geometrical origin and the natural description in the language of infinite-dimensional differential geometry. The treatment is very informal and the theory is illustrated by various examples from mathematical physics. All necessary information about the infinite-dimensional geometry is given in the text.

2 Triangle Groups: An Introduction 279 3 Elementary Shimura Curves 281 4 Examples of Shimura Curves 282 5 Congruence Zeta Functions 283 6 Diophantine Properties of Shimura Curves 284 7 Klein Quartic 285 8 Supersingular Points 289 Towers of Elkies 9 289 7. CRYPTOGRAPHY AND APPLICATIONS 291 1 Introduction 291 Discrete Logarithm Problem 2 291 Curves for Public-Key Cryptosystems 3 295 Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystems 4 297 CM-Method 5 299 6 Cryptographic Exponent 300 7 Constructive Descent 302 8 Gaudry and Harley Algorithm 306 9 Picard Jacobians 307 Drinfeld Module Based Public Key Cryptosystems 10 308 11 Drinfeld Modules and One Way Functions 308 12 Shimura's Map 309 13 Modular Jacobians of Genus 2 Curves 310 Modular Jacobian Surfaces 14 312 15 Modular Curves of Genus Two 313 16 Hecke Operators 314 8. REFERENCES 317 345 Index Xll Preface The history of counting points on curves over finite fields is very ex- tensive, starting with the work of Gauss in 1801 and continuing with the work of Artin, Schmidt, Hasse and Weil in their study of curves and the related zeta functions Zx(t), where m Zx(t) = exp (2: N t ) m m 2': 1 m with N = #X(F qm). If X is a curve of genus g, Weil's conjectures m state that L(t) Zx(t) = (1 - t)(l - qt) where L(t) = rr~!l (1 - O'.

This book deals with asymptotic solutions of linear and nonlinear equa- tions which decay as h ---+ 0 outside a neighborhood of certain points, curves and surfaces. Such solutions are almost everywhere well approximated by the functions cp(x) exp{iS(x)/h}, x E 1R3, where S(x) is complex, and ImS(x) ~ o. When the phase S(x) is real (ImS(x) = 0), the method for obtaining asymp- totics of this type is known in quantum mechanics as the WKB-method. We preserve this terminology in the case ImS(x) ~ 0 and develop the method for a wide class of problems in mathematical physics. Asymptotics of this type were constructed recently for many linear prob- lems of mathematical physics; certain specific formulas were obtained by differ- ent methods (V. M. Babich [5 -7], V. P. Lazutkin [76], A. A. Sokolov, 1. M. Ter- nov [113], J. Schwinger [107, 108], E. J. Heller [53], G. A. Hagedorn [50, 51], V. N. Bayer, V. M. Katkov [21], N. A. Chernikov [35] and others). However, a general (Hamiltonian) formalism for obtaining asymptotics of this type is clearly required; this state of affairs is expressed both in recent mathematical and physical literature. For example, the editors of the collected volume [106] write in its preface: "One can hope that in the near future a computational pro- cedure for fields with complex phase, similar to the usual one for fields with real phase, will be developed.

This volume contains a wealth of results and methodologies applicable to a wide range of problems arising in reaction-diffusion theory. It can be viewed both as a handbook, and as a detailed description of the methodology. The authors present new methods based on matched asymptotic expansions.

This is a serious - but not solemn - textbook that attempts to make a clear, conceptual understanding of calculus accessible to all liberal arts students. It presents mathematics as growing out of the classical liberal arts to form a natural bridge between the humanities and the sciences, integrating the history and pedagogy of mathematics in a way that may be of interest to prospective teachers as well. Instead of a pre-calculus review, this book offers an historical development of much of the geometry and algebra needed, emphasizing the fundamental need for students to develop a clear style of writing. Calculus is here largely restricted to the study of algebraic functions, but all the usual aspects of the interplay between functions and derivatives are covered: optimization, instantaneous rates, Newton's method, freely falling bodies, antiderivatives, integrals, areas, volumes, etc. The fundamental theorem is prominently featured and carefully treated. A brief final chapter about the intellectual climate surrounding the development of calculus offers students further insight into the place of mathematics as an element in the history of thought.

This monograph gives a systematic presentation of classical and recent results obtained in the last couple of years. It comprehensively describes the methods concerning the topological structure of fixed point sets and solution sets for differential equations and inclusions. Many of the basic techniques and results recently developed about this theory are presented, as well as the literature that is disseminated and scattered in several papers of pioneering researchers who developed the functional analytic framework of this field over the past few decades. Several examples of applications relating to initial and boundary value problems are discussed in detail. The book is intended to advanced graduate researchers and instructors active in research areas with interests in topological properties of fixed point mappings and applications; it also aims to provide students with the necessary understanding of the subject with no deep background material needed. This monograph fills the vacuum in the literature regarding the topological structure of fixed point sets and its applications.

This volume consists of eighteen peer-reviewed papers related to lectures on pseudo-differential operators presented at the meeting of the ISAAC Group in Pseudo-Differential Operators (IGPDO) held at Imperial College London on July 13-18, 2009. Featured in this volume are the analysis, applications and computations of pseudo-differential operators in mathematics, physics and signal analysis. This volume is a useful complement to the volumes "Advances in Pseudo-Differential Operators", "Pseudo-Differential Operators and Related Topics", "Modern Trends in Pseudo-Differential Operators", "New Developments in Pseudo-Differential Operators" and "Pseudo-Differential Operators: Complex Analysis and Partial Differential Equations" published in the same series in, respectively, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010.

Metric fixed point theory encompasses the branch of fixed point theory which metric conditions on the underlying space and/or on the mappings play a fundamental role. In some sense the theory is a far-reaching outgrowth of Banach's contraction mapping principle. A natural extension of the study of contractions is the limiting case when the Lipschitz constant is allowed to equal one. Such mappings are called nonexpansive. Nonexpansive mappings arise in a variety of natural ways, for example in the study of holomorphic mappings and hyperconvex metric spaces. Because most of the spaces studied in analysis share many algebraic and topological properties as well as metric properties, there is no clear line separating metric fixed point theory from the topological or set-theoretic branch of the theory. Also, because of its metric underpinnings, metric fixed point theory has provided the motivation for the study of many geometric properties of Banach spaces. The contents of this Handbook reflect all of these facts. The purpose of the Handbook is to provide a primary resource for anyone interested in fixed point theory with a metric flavor. The goal is to provide information for those wishing to find results that might apply to their own work and for those wishing to obtain a deeper understanding of the theory. The book should be of interest to a wide range of researchers in mathematical analysis as well as to those whose primary interest is the study of fixed point theory and the underlying spaces. The level of exposition is directed to a wide audience, including students and established researchers.

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in using techniques drawn from probability to tackle problems in analysis. These applications arise in subjects such as potential theory, harmonic analysis, singular integrals, and the study of analytic functions. This book presents a modern survey of these methods at the level of a beginning Ph.D. student. Highlights of this book include the construction of the Martin boundary, probabilistic proofs of the boundary Harnack principle, Dahlberg's theorem, a probabilistic proof of Riesz' theorem on the Hilbert transform, and Makarov's theorems on the support of harmonic measure. The author assumes that a reader has some background in basic real analysis, but the book includes proofs of all the results from probability theory and advanced analysis required. Each chapter concludes with exercises ranging from the routine to the difficult. In addition, there are included discussions of open problems and further avenues of research.

Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father 'The Hermit Clad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown 'The point of a Pin'. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.

This book provides an introduction to matrix theory and aims to provide a clear and concise exposition of the basic ideas, results and techniques in the subject. Complete proofs are given, and no knowledge beyond high school mathematics is necessary. The book includes many examples, applications and exercises for the reader, so that it can used both by students interested in theory and those who are mainly interested in learning the techniques.

This book gives a comprehensive picture of the present stage of development of spectral analysis and filter theory in geophysics. The principles and theories behind classical and modern methods are described and the effectiveness of these methods is assessed; selected examples of their practical application in geophysics are discussed. The modern methods include, for example, spectral analysis by fitting random models to the data, the maximum-entropy and maximum-likelihood spectral analysis procedures, the Wiener and Kalman filters, homomorphic deconvolution, and adaptive procedures for non-stationary processes. This book represents a valuable aid in education and research and for solving practical problems in geophysics and related disciplines.

Another Calculus book? As long as students find calculus scary, the failure rate in mathematics is higher than in all other subjects, and as long as most people mistakenly believe that only geniuses can learn and understand mathematics, there will always be room for a new book of Calculus. We call it Calculus Light.

This book is designed for a one semester course in "light" calculus - mostly single variable, meant to be used by undergraduate students without a wide mathematical background and who do not major in mathematics but study subjects such as engineering, biology or management information systems.

The first chapter contains a historical background of calculus. Every scientific achievement involves people and therefore characterized by victories and disappointments, intrigues and hope. All of these elements exist in the story behind calculus and when you add the time dimension, starting 2400 years ago, it is a saga. We hope the reader enjoys reading this chapter as much as we enjoyed the writing.

In addition to classic calculus the book provides tools for practical applications such as Fourier series, Lagrange multipliers and elementary numerical methods.

It is not the object of the author to present comprehensive cov erage of any particular integral transformation or of any particular development of generalized functions, for there are books available in which this is done. Rather, this consists more of an introductory survey in which various ideas are explored. The Laplace transforma tion is taken as the model type of an integral transformation and a number of its properties are developed; later, the Fourier transfor mation is introduced. The operational calculus of Mikusinski is pre sented as a method of introducing generalized functions associated with the Laplace transformation. The construction is analogous to the construction of the rational numbers from the integers. Further on, generalized functions associated with the problem of extension of the Fourier transformation are introduced. This construction is anal ogous to the construction of the reals from the rationals by means of Cauchy sequences. A chapter with sections on a variety of trans formations is adjoined. Necessary levels of sophistication start low in the first chapter, but they grow considerably in some sections of later chapters. Background needs are stated at the beginnings of each chapter. Many theorems are given without proofs, which seems appro priate for the goals in mind. A selection of references is included. Without showing many of the details of rigor it is hoped that a strong indication is given that a firm mathematical foundation does actu ally exist for such entities as the "Dirac delta-function.""

In recent years the development of new classification and regression algorithms based on deep learning has led to a revolution in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analysis. The development of a theoretical foundation to guarantee the success of these algorithms constitutes one of the most active and exciting research topics in applied mathematics. This book presents the current mathematical understanding of deep learning methods from the point of view of the leading experts in the field. It serves both as a starting point for researchers and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, and statistics trying to get into the field and as an invaluable reference for future research.

Structurally Constrained Controllers: Analysis and Synthesis studies the control of interconnected systems with a particular application in network, power systems, flight formations, etc. It introduces four important problems regarding the control of such systems and then proposes proper techniques for solving them.

This textbook is a comprehensive introduction to computational mathematics and scientific computing suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate courses. It presents both practical and theoretical aspects of the subject, as well as advantages and pitfalls of classical numerical methods alongside with computer code and experiments in Python. Each chapter closes with modern applications in physics, engineering, and computer science. No previous experience in Python is required Simplified computer code for fast-paced learning and transferable skills development Includes practical problems ideal for project assignments and distance learning Presents both intuitive and rigorous faces of modern scientific computing Provides an introduction to neural networks and machine learning