This book presents an extensive overview of logarithmic integral operators with kernels depending on one or several complex parameters. Solvability of corresponding boundary value problems and determination of characteristic numbers are analyzed by considering these operators as operator-value functions of appropriate complex (spectral) parameters. Therefore, the method serves as a useful addition to classical approaches. Special attention is given to the analysis of finite-meromorphic operator-valued functions, and explicit formulas for some inverse operators and characteristic numbers are developed, as well as the perturbation technique for the approximate solution of logarithmic integral equations. All essential properties of the generalized single- and double-layer potentials with logarithmic kernels and Green's potentials are considered. Fundamentals of the theory of infinite-matrix summation operators and operator-valued functions are presented, including applications to the solution of logarithmic integral equations. Many boundary value problems for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation are discussed and explicit formulas for Green's function of canonical domains with separated logarithmic singularities are presented.

For many, modern functional analysis dates back to Banach's book [Ba32]. Here, such powerful results as the Hahn-Banach theorem, the open-mapping theorem and the uniform boundedness principle were developed in the setting of complete normed and complete metrizable spaces. When analysts realized the power and applicability of these methods, they sought to generalize the concept of a metric space and to broaden the scope of these theorems. Topological methods had been generally available since the appearance of Hausdorff's book in 1914. So it is surprising that it took so long to recognize that they could provide the means for this generalization. Indeed, the theory of topo- logical vector spaces was developed systematically only after 1950 by a great many different people, induding Bourbaki, Dieudonne, Grothendieck, Kothe, Mackey, Schwartz and Treves. The resulting body of work produced a whole new area of mathematics and generalized Banach's results. One of the great successes here was the development of the theory of distributions. While the not ion of a convergent sequence is very old, that of a convergent fil- ter dates back only to Cartan [Ca]. And while sequential convergence structures date back to Frechet [Fr], filter convergence structures are much more recent: [Ch], [Ko] and [Fi]. Initially, convergence spaces and convergence vector spaces were used by [Ko], [Wl], [Ba], [Ke64], [Ke65], [Ke74], [FB] and in particular [Bz] for topology and analysis.

It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is Approach your problems from the right end and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father The Hermit Gad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown The point of a Pin'. van GuIik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing speciaIization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics."

The study of qualitative aspects of PDE's has always attracted much attention from the early beginnings. More recently, once basic issues about PDE's, such as existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions, have been understood quite well, research on topological and/or geometric properties of their solutions has become more intense. The study of these issues is attracting the interest of an increasing number of researchers and is now a broad and well-established research area, with contributions that often come from experts from disparate areas of mathematics, such as differential and convex geometry, functional analysis, calculus of variations, mathematical physics, to name a few. This volume collects a selection of original results and informative surveys by a group of international specialists in the field, analyzes new trends and techniques and aims at promoting scientific collaboration and stimulating future developments and perspectives in this very active area of research.

This book treats Modelling of CFD problems, Numerical tools for PDE, and Scientific Computing and Systems of ODE for Epidemiology, topics that are closely related to the scientific activities and interests of Prof. William Fitzgibbon, Prof. Yuri Kuznetsov, and Prof. O. Pironneau, whose outstanding achievements are recognised in this volume. It contains 20 contributions from leading scientists in applied mathematics dealing with partial differential equations and their applications to engineering, ab-initio chemistry and life sciences. It includes the mathematical and numerical contributions to PDE for applications presented at the ECCOMAS thematic conference "Contributions to PDE for Applications" held at Laboratoire Jacques Louis Lions in Paris, France, August 31- September 1, 2015, and at the Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Texas, USA, February 26-27, 2016. This event brought together specialists from universities and research institutions who are developing or applying numerical PDE or ODE methods with an emphasis on industrial and societal applications. This volume is of interest to researchers and practitioners as well as advanced students or engineers in applied and computational mathematics. All contributions are written at an advanced scientific level with no effort made by the editors to make this volume self-contained. It is assumed that the reader is a specialist already who knows the basis of this field of research and has the capability of understanding and appreciating the latest developments in this field.

This book has been written in a frankly partisian spirit-we believe that singularity theory offers an extremely useful approach to bifurcation prob lems and we hope to convert the reader to this view. In this preface we will discuss what we feel are the strengths of the singularity theory approach. This discussion then Ieads naturally into a discussion of the contents of the book and the prerequisites for reading it. Let us emphasize that our principal contribution in this area has been to apply pre-existing techniques from singularity theory, especially unfolding theory and classification theory, to bifurcation problems. Many ofthe ideas in this part of singularity theory were originally proposed by Rene Thom; the subject was then developed rigorously by John Matherand extended by V. I. Arnold. In applying this material to bifurcation problems, we were greatly encouraged by how weil the mathematical ideas of singularity theory meshed with the questions addressed by bifurcation theory. Concerning our title, Singularities and Groups in Bifurcation Theory, it should be mentioned that the present text is the first volume in a two-volume sequence. In this volume our emphasis is on singularity theory, with group theory playing a subordinate role. In Volume II the emphasis will be more balanced. Having made these remarks, Iet us set the context for the discussion of the strengths of the singularity theory approach to bifurcation. As we use the term, bifurcation theory is the study of equations with multiple solutions."

Cardiovascular diseases have a major impact in Western countries. Mathematical models and numerical simulations can aid the understanding of physiological and pathological processes, complementing the information provided to medical doctors by medical imaging and other non-invasive means, and opening the possibility of a better diagnosis and more in-depth surgical planning.This book offers a mathematically sound and up-to-date foundation to the training of researchers, and serves as a useful reference for the development of mathematical models and numerical simulation codes. It is structured into different chapters, written by recognized experts in the field, but it features a common thread with consistency of notation and expressions and systematic cross-referencing. Many fundamental issues are faced, such as: the mathematical representation of vascular geometries extracted from medical images, modelling blood rheology and the complex multilayer structure of the vascular tissue, and its possible pathologies, the mechanical and chemical interaction between blood and vascular walls; the different scales coupling local and systemic dynamics. All these topics introduce challenging mathematical and numerical problems, demanding for advanced analysis and simulation techniques. This book is addressed to graduate students and researchers in the field of bioengineering, applied mathematics and medicine, wishing to engage themselves in the fascinating task of modeling how the cardiovascular system works.

Sparse grids are a popular tool for the numerical treatment of high-dimensional problems. Where classical numerical discretization schemes fail in more than three or four dimensions, sparse grids, in their different flavors, are frequently the method of choice. This volume of LNCSE presents selected papers from the proceedings of the fourth workshop on sparse grids and applications, and demonstrates once again the importance of this numerical discretization scheme. The articles present recent advances in the numerical analysis of sparse grids in connection with a range of applications including computational chemistry, computational fluid dynamics, and big data analytics, to name but a few.

The study of shape optimization problems encompasses a wide spectrum of academic research with numerous applications to the real world. In this work these problems are treated from both the classical and modern perspectives and target a broad audience of graduate students in pure and applied mathematics, as well as engineers requiring a solid mathematical basis for the solution of practical problems.

Key topics and features:

* Presents foundational introduction to shape optimization theory

* Studies certain classical problems: the isoperimetric problem and the Newton problem involving the best aerodynamical shape, and optimization problems over classes of convex domains

* Treats optimal control problems under a general scheme, giving a topological framework, a survey of "gamma"-convergence, and problems governed by ODE

* Examines shape optimization problems with Dirichlet and Neumann conditions on the free boundary, along with the existence of classical solutions

* Studies optimization problems for obstacles and eigenvalues of elliptic operators

* Poses several open problems for further research

* Substantial bibliography and index

Driven by good examples and illustrations and requiring only a standard knowledge in the calculus of variations, differential equations, and functional analysis, the book can serve as a text for a graduate course in computational methods of optimal design and optimization, as well as an excellent reference for applied mathematicians addressing functional shape optimization problems.

Generalized Measure Theory examines the relatively new mathematical area of generalized measure theory. The exposition unfolds systematically, beginning with preliminaries and new concepts, followed by a detailed treatment of important new results regarding various types of nonadditive measures and the associated integration theory. The latter involves several types of integrals: Sugeno integrals, Choquet integrals, pan-integrals, and lower and upper integrals. All of the topics are motivated by numerous examples, culminating in a final chapter on applications of generalized measure theory. Some key features of the book include: many exercises at the end of each chapter along with relevant historical and bibliographical notes, an extensive bibliography, and name and subject indices. The work is suitable for a classroom setting at the graduate level in courses or seminars in applied mathematics, computer science, engineering, and some areas of science. A sound background in mathematical analysis is required. Since the book contains many original results by the authors, it will also appeal to researchers working in the emerging area of generalized measure theory.

This volume is dedicated to Leonid Lerer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. The main part presents recent results in Lerer's research area of interest, which includes Toeplitz, Toeplitz plus Hankel, and Wiener-Hopf operators, Bezout equations, inertia type results, matrix polynomials, and related areas in operator and matrix theory. Biographical material and Lerer's list of publications complete the volume.

This book is about normal forms--the simplest form into which a dynamical system can be put for the purpose of studying its behavior in the neighborhood of a rest point--and about unfoldings--used to study the local bifurcations that the system can exhibit under perturbation. The book presents the advanced theory of normal forms, showing their interaction with representation theory, invariant theory, Groebner basis theory, and structure theory of rings and modules. A complete treatment is given both for the popular "inner product style" of normal forms and the less well known "sl(2) style" due to Cushman and Sanders, as well as the author's own "simplified" style. In addition, this book includes algorithms suitable for use with computer algebra systems for computing normal forms. The interaction between the algebraic structure of normal forms and their geometrical consequences is emphasized. The book contains previously unpublished results in both areas (algebraic and geometrical) and includes suggestions for further research. The book begins with two nonlinear examples--one semisimple, one nilpotent--for which normal forms and unfoldings are computed by a variety of elementary methods. After treating some required topics in linear algebra, more advanced normal form methods are introduced, first in the context of linear normal forms for matrix perturbation theory, and then for nonlinear dynamical systems. Then the emphasis shifts to applications: geometric structures in normal forms, computation of unfoldings, and related topics in bifurcation theory. This book will be useful to researchers and advanced students in dynamical systems, theoretical physics, and engineering.

This introductory course on the classical Boundary Element Method also contains advanced topics such as the Dual Reciprocity and the Hybrid Boundary Element Methods. The latter methods are extensions that permit the application of BME to anisotropic materials, as well as multi-field problems and fluid-structure interaction. The class-tested textbook offers a clear and easy-to-understand introduction to the subject, including worked-out examples that describe all the basic features of the method. The first two chapters not only establish the mathematical basis for BEM but also review the basics of continuum mechanics for field problems, perhaps a unique feature for a text on numerical methods. This helps the reader to understand the physical principles of the field problems, to apply the method judiciously, and toe critically evaluate the results.

These notes are the result of a course in dynamical systems given at Orsay during the 1976-77 academic year. I had given a similar course at the Gradu ate Center of the City University of New York the previous year and came to France equipped with the class notes of two of my students there, Carol Hurwitz and Michael Maller. My goal was to present Smale's n-Stability Theorem as completely and compactly as possible and in such a way that the students would have easy access to the literature. I was not confident that I could do all this in lectures in French, so I decided to distribute lecture notes. I wrote these notes in English and Remi Langevin translated them into French. His work involved much more than translation. He consistently corrected for style, clarity, and accuracy. Albert Fathi got involved in reading the manuscript. His role quickly expanded to extensive rewriting and writing. Fathi wrote (5. 1) and (5. 2) and rewrote Theorem 7. 8 when I was in despair of ever getting it right with all the details. He kept me honest at all points and played a large role in the final form of the manuscript. He also did the main work in getting the manuscript ready when I had left France and Langevin was unfortunately unavailable. I ran out of steam by the time it came to Chapter 10. M."

This long-awaited book by two of the foremost researchers and writers in the field is the first part of a treatise that will cover the subject in breadth and depth, paying special attention to the historical origins, partly in applications, e.g. from geometrical optics, of parts of the theory. A variety of aids to the reader are provided: the detailed table of contents, an introduction to each chapter, section and subsection, an overview of the relevant liter- ature (in Vol. 2) plus the references in the Scholia to each chapter, in the (historical) footnotes, and in the biblio- graphy, and finally an index of the examples used throughout the book. Later volumes will deal with direct methods and regularity theory. Both individually and collectively these volumes will undoubtedly become standard references.

Statistical inferential methods are widely used in the study of various physical, biological, social, and other phenomena. Parametric estimation is one such method. Although there are many books which consider problems of statistical point estimation, this volume is the first to be devoted solely to the problem of unbiased estimation. It contains three chapters dealing, respectively, with the theory of point statistical estimation, techniques for constructing unbiased estimators, and applications of unbiased estimation theory. These chapters are followed by a comprehensive appendix which classifies and lists, in the form of tables, all known results relating to unbiased estimators of parameters for univariate distributions. About one thousand minimum variance unbiased estimators are listed. The volume also contains numerous examples and exercises. This volume will serve as a handbook on point unbiased estimation for researchers whose work involves statistics. It can also be recommended as a supplementary text for graduate students.

Asymptotic Characteristics of Entire Functions and Their Applications in Mathematics and Biophysics is the second edition of the same book in Russian, revised and enlarged. It is devoted to asymptotical questions of the theory of entire and plurisubharmonic functions. The new and traditional asymptotical characteristics of entire functions of one and many variables are studied. Applications of these indices in different fields of complex analysis are considered, for example Borel-Laplace transformations and their modifications, Mittag-Leffler function and its natural generalizations, integral methods of summation of power series and Riemann surfaces.

In the second edition, a new appendix is devoted to the consideration of those questions for a class of entire functions of proximate order. A separate chapter is devoted to applications in biophysics, where the algorithms of mathematical analysis of homeostasis system behaviour, dynamics under external influence are investigated, which may be used in different fields of natural science and technique.

This book is of interest to research specialists in theoretical and applied mathematics, postgraduates and students of universities who are interested in complex and real analysis and its applications.

The purpose of the volume is to bring forward recent trends of research in hypercomplex analysis. The list of contributors includes first rate mathematicians and young researchers working on several different aspects in quaternionic and Clifford analysis. Besides original research papers, there are papers providing the state-of-the-art of a specific topic, sometimes containing interdisciplinary fields. The intended audience includes researchers, PhD students, postgraduate students who are interested in the field and in possible connection between hypercomplex analysis and other disciplines, including mathematical analysis, mathematical physics, algebra.

With contributions by leading experts in geometric analysis, this volume is documenting the material presented in the John H. Barrett Memorial Lectures held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, on May 29 - June 1, 2018. The central topic of the 2018 lectures was mean curvature flow, and the material in this volume covers all recent developments in this vibrant area that combines partial differential equations with differential geometry.

This volume contains a collection of papers in Analytic and Elementary Number Theory in memory of Professor Paul Erd s, one of the greatest mathematicians of this century. Written by many leading researchers, the papers deal with the most recent advances in a wide variety of topics, including arithmetical functions, prime numbers, the Riemann zeta function, probabilistic number theory, properties of integer sequences, modular forms, partitions, and q-series. Audience: Researchers and students of number theory, analysis, combinatorics and modular forms will find this volume to be stimulating.

When a new extraordinary and outstanding theory is stated, it has to face criticism and skeptism, because it is beyond the usual concept. The fractional calculus though not new, was not discussed or developed for a long time, particularly for lack of its application to real life problems. It is extraordinary because it does not deal with 'ordinary' differential calculus. It is outstanding because it can now be applied to situations where existing theories fail to give satisfactory results. In this book not only mathematical abstractions are discussed in a lucid manner, with physical mathematical and geometrical explanations, but also several practical applications are given particularly for system identification, description and then efficient controls.

The normal physical laws like, transport theory, electrodynamics, equation of motions, elasticity, viscosity, and several others of are based on 'ordinary' calculus. In this book these physical laws are generalized in fractional calculus contexts; taking, heterogeneity effect in transport background, the space having traps or islands, irregular distribution of charges, non-ideal spring with mass connected to a pointless-mass ball, material behaving with viscous as well as elastic properties, system relaxation with and without memory, physics of random delay in computer network; and several others; mapping the reality of nature closely. The concept of fractional and complex order differentiation and integration are elaborated mathematically, physically and geometrically with examples. The practical utility of local fractional differentiation for enhancing the character of singularity at phase transition or characterizing the irregularity measure of response function is deliberated. Practical results of viscoelastic experiments, fractional order controls experiments, design of fractional controller and practical circuit synthesis for fractional order elements are elaborated in this book. The book also maps theory of classical integer order differential equations to fractional calculus contexts, and deals in details with conflicting and demanding initialization issues, required in classical techniques. The book presents a modern approach to solve the 'solvable' system of fractional and other differential equations, linear, non-linear; without perturbation or transformations, but by applying physical principle of action-and-opposite-reaction, giving 'approximately exact' series solutions.

Historically, Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wihelm Leibniz independently discovered calculus in the middle of the 17th century. In recognition to this remarkable discovery, J.von Neumann remarked, ..".the calculus was the first achievement of modern mathematics and it is difficult to overestimate its importance. I think it defines more equivocally than anything else the inception of modern mathematical analysis which is logical development, still constitute the greatest technical advance in exact thinking."

This XXI century has thus started to 'think-exactly' for advancement in science & technology by growing application of fractional calculus, and this century has started speaking the language which nature understands the best."

This book should be accessible to students who have had a first course in matrix theory. The existence and uniqueness theorem of Chapter 4 requires the implicit function theorem, but we give a self-contained constructive proof ofthat theorem. The reader willing to accept the implicit function theorem can read the book without an advanced calculus background. Chapter 8 uses the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse, but is accessible to students who have facility with matrices. Exercises are placed at those points in the text where they are relevant. For U. S. universities, we intend for the book to be used at the senior undergraduate level or beginning graduate level. Chapter 2, which is on continued fractions, is not essential to the material of the remaining chapters, but is intimately related to the remaining material. Continued fractions provide closed form representations of the extreme solutions of some discrete matrix Riccati equations. Continued fractions solution methods for Riccati difference equations provide an approach analogous to series solution methods for linear differential equations. The book develops several topics which have not been available at this level. In particular, the material of the chapters on continued fractions (Chapter 2), symplectic systems (Chapter 3), and discrete variational theory (Chapter 4) summarize recent literature. Similarly, the material on transforming Riccati equations presented in Chapter 3 gives a self-contained unification of various forms of Riccati equations. Motivation for our approach to difference equations came from the work of Harris, Vaughan, Hartman, Reid, Patula, Hooker, Erbe & Van, and Bohner.

The papers collected in this volume are contributions to the 33rd session of the Seminaire de Mathematiques Superieures (SMS) on "Topological Methods in Differential Equations and Inclusions." This session of the SMS took place at the Universite de Montreal in July 1994 and was a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI). The aim of the ASI was to bring together a considerable group of young researchers from various parts of the world and to present to them coherent surveys of some of the most recent advances in this area of Nonlinear Analysis. During the meeting 89 mathematicians from 20 countries have had the opportunity to get acquainted with various aspects of the subjects treated in the lectures as well as the chance to exchange ideas and learn about new problems arising in the field. The main topics teated in this ASI were the following: Fixed point theory for single- and multi-valued mappings including topological degree and its generalizations, and topological transversality theory; existence and multiplicity results for ordinary differential equations and inclusions; bifurcation and stability problems; ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces; second order differential equations on manifolds; the topological structure of the solution set of differential inclusions; effects of delay perturbations on dynamics of retarded delay differential equations; dynamics of reaction diffusion equations; non smooth critical point theory and applications to boundary value problems for quasilinear elliptic equations.

The development of dynamics theory began with the work of Isaac Newton. In his theory the most basic law of classical mechanics is f = ma, which describes the motion n in IR. of a point of mass m under the action of a force f by giving the acceleration a. If n the position of the point is taken to be a point x E IR. , and if the force f is supposed to be a function of x only, Newton's Law is a description in terms of a second-order ordinary differential equation: J2x m dt = f(x). 2 It makes sense to reduce the equations to first order by defining the velo city as an extra n independent variable by v = :i; = ~~ E IR. . Then x = v, mv = f(x). L. Euler, J. L. Lagrange and others studied mechanics by means of an analytical method called analytical dynamics. Whenever the force f is represented by a gradient vector field f = - \lU of the potential energy U, and denotes the difference of the kinetic energy and the potential energy by 1 L(x,v) = 2'm(v,v) - U(x), the Newton equation of motion is reduced to the Euler-Lagrange equation ~~ are used as the variables, the Euler-Lagrange equation can be If the momenta y written as . 8L y= 8x' Further, W. R.