There is a dramatic rise of novel drug use due to the increased popularity of so-called designer drugs. These synthetic drugs can be illegal in some countries, but legal in others and novel compounds unknown to drug chemistry emerge monthly. This thoughtfully constructed edited reference presents the main chromatographic methodologies and strategies used to discover and analyze novel designer drugs contained in diverse biological materials. The methods are based on molecular characteristics of the drugs belonging to each individual class of compounds, so it will be clear how the current methods are adaptable to future new drugs that appear in the market.

For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. For Volume 53, the series editors have invited established, well-known chemists to offer cutting-edge reviews of chromatographic methods with applications in the life sciences. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations for which this series has become known makes the material accessible and engaging to analytical, biochemical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill.

The only reference to provide both current and thorough coverage of this important analytical technique
Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) is an indispensable technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds, enabling the analyst to assay a variety of sample matrices while avoiding the costly and time-consuming preparation involved with traditional GC.
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique. Chapters cover:
* Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC
* Basic theory of headspace analysis-physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction
* HS-GC techniques-vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques
* Sample handling
* Cryogenic HS-GC
* Method development in HS-GC
* Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis
* Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more
Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.

The quantity and composition of aroma and avour compounds in foods and food products exert a marked in uence on the consumer acceptance and, consequently, on the commercial value of the products. It has been established many times that one of the main properties employed for the evaluation of the product quality is the avour, that is, an adequate avour composition considerably enhances the m- ketability. Traditional analytical methods are generally unsuitable for the accurate determination of the quantity of this class of compounds. Moreover, they do not contain any useful information on the concentration of the individual substances and they are not suitable for their identi cation. As the stability of the aroma compounds and fragrances against hydrolysis, oxidation and other environmental and tech- logical conditions shows marked differences, the exact determination of the avour composition of a food or food product may help for the prediction of the she- life of products and the assessment of the in uence of technological steps on the aroma compounds resulting in more consumer-friendly processing methods. Furthermore, the qualitative determination and identi cation of these substances may contribute to the establishment of the provenance of the product facilitating the authenticity test. Because of the considerable commercial importance of avour composition, much effort has been devoted to the development of methods suitable for the separation and quantitative determination of avour compounds and f- grancesinfoodsandinotherindustrialproducts.

The book is about the technology and application of Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC). Unlike conventional single-mode HPLC, which resolves the analytes primarily based on their ionic or hydrophobic properties, MMC employs multifunctional stationary phases to exploit at least two modes of interactions (i.e., ionic and hydrophobic) with the analytes and as such often provides resolution that far exceeds that observed with a single-mode process. Over the past two decades, MMC has developed into an important analytical and purification tool in a number of applications in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The technique has been used widely for the analyses of nucleic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, antibiotics, vaccines, and other products. The purpose of this book is to present a comprehensive survey of mixed-mode chromatography and is intended as a reference guide for graduate students and experienced scientists in pharmaceutical and biotechnology disciplines wishing to gain a deep understanding of this continuously evolving technology.

Die Dunnschichtchromatographie (DC) ist besonders in der pharmazeutischen Analytik und der Lebensmittelanalytik eine haufig durchgefuhrte Trenntechnik. Wahrend es eine umfangreiche Literatur zum qualitativen Nachweis chemischer Substanzen mittels DC gibt, liegt der Fokus in diesem Buch bei der quantitativen Analyse."

The first edition of "Chromatography: Concepts and Contrasts," published in 1988, was one of the first books to discuss all the different types of chromatography under one cover. The second edition continues with these principles but has been updated to include new chapters on sampling and sample preparation, capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), chromatography with mass spec detection, and industrial and governmental practices in regulated industries.

• Covers extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), and solid phase microextraction (SPME), and introduces mass spectrometry
• Updated with the latest techniques in chromatography
• Discusses both liquid chromatography (LC)and gas chromatography(GC)

This series of books provides coverage of all of the major analytical techniques and their application in the most important areas of physical, life and materials science. Each text is presented in an open learning/distance learning style, in which the learning objectives are clearly identified. The reader's understanding of the material is constantly evaluated by the use of self-assessment and discussion questions.

The combination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been a routine analytical tool for many years, while the related hybrid technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a rather more recent development. However, with the advent of new interfacing technology, the benefits of this powerful hybrid analytical method are now currently being realised, as witnessed by the exponential growth in applications of this technique in both the chemical and life sciences.

The topics covered in this text include the following:

• The basic principles of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

• The limitations of the component techniques when used in isolation, and how a combination of the two allows these to be overcome

• Descriptions of the various approaches, including thermospray, electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, which are used to interface the two techniques, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each system

• Illustrative examples of the applications of LC-MS, including the molecular weight and structure determinations of both biopolymers and low-molecular-compounds, along with the development of quantitative methods

• The provision of many discussion and self-assessment questions throughout the text, thus providing opportunities for testing the reader's understanding of the subject matter

• Presented in the AnTS (open learning/distance learning) style, it is ideal for use as both a self-study guide and as the basis of a taught course

• A comprehensive bibliography, including books, papers/articles in journals and on websites, along with specific references for the individual chapters, to guide the reader to more specialised texts and original sources

This revision brings the reader completely up to date on the evolving methods associated with increasingly more complex sample types analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC. The book also incorporates updated discussions of many of the fundamental components of HPLC systems and practical issues associated with the use of this analytical method. This edition includes new or expanded treatments of sample preparation, computer assisted method development, as well as biochemical samples, and chiral separations.

Jump into the HPLC adventure

Three decades on from publication of the 1st German edition of Veronika Meyer's book on HPLC, this classic text remains one of the few titles available on general HPLC aimed at practitioners.

New sections on the following topics have been included in this fifth edition: Comparison of HPLC with capillary electrophoresisHow to obtain peak capacityvan Deemter curves and other coherencesHydrophilic interaction chromatographyMethod transferComprehensive two-dimensional HPLCFast separations at 1000 barHPLC with superheated water

In addition, two chapters on the instrument test and troubleshooting in the appendix have been updated and expanded by Bruno E. Lendi, and many details have been improved and numerous references added.

A completely new chapter is presented on quality assurance covering: Is it worth the effort?Verification with a second methodMethod validationStandard operating proceduresMeasurement uncertaintyQualifications, instrument test, and system suitability testThe quest for quality

Reviews of earlier editions

"That this text is written by an expert in both the practice and teaching of HPLC is evident from the first paragraph....not only an enjoyable, fascinating and easy read, but a truly excellent text that has and will serve many teachers, students and practitioners very well." --"The Analyst"

..".provides essential information on HPLC for LC practitioners in academia, industry, government, and research laboratories...a valuable introduction." - "American Journal of Therapeutics"

Discover how to use HILIC to analyze and better understand polar compounds

An increasingly popular analytical method, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has the ability to retain and separate polar compounds that are often difficult to analyze by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or other analytical methods. Offering a comprehensive review, this book enables readers to develop a fundamental understanding of how HILIC works and then apply that knowledge to develop and implement a variety of practical applications.

"Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography" begins with discussions of HILIC retention mechanisms, stationary phases, and general method development. This sets the foundation for the book's extensive coverage of applications. The authors address unique separation challenges for bioanalytical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and biochemical applications. Moreover, there is a thorough discussion of HILIC in two-dimensional chromatography.

With contributions from leading analytical scientists who have extensive experience in HILIC as well as HPLC, "Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography" serves as a practical guide for researchers, featuring: Detailed examples of HILIC methods and development approachesThorough explanations of retention mechanisms and the impact of stationary phase and mobile phase properties on separationsStep-by-step guidance for developing efficient, sensitive, and robust HILIC methodsReferences to the primary literature at the end of each chapter

"Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography" is written for scientists who use or develop analytical methods for the separation of polar compounds. In particular, these researchers will discover how HILIC can be used to analyze and better understand the composition of pharmaceutical, bioanalytical, biochemical, chemical, food, and environmental samples.

Separation Process Essentials provides an interactive approach for students to learn the main separation processes (distillation, absorption, stripping, and solvent extraction) using material and energy balances with equilibrium relationships, while referring readers to other more complete works when needed. Membrane separations are included as an example of non-equilibrium processes. This book reviews and builds on material learned in the first chemical engineering courses such as Material and Energy Balances and Thermodynamics as applied to separations. It relies heavily on example problems, including completely worked and explained problems followed by "Try This At Home" guided examples. Most examples have accompanying downloadable Excel spreadsheet simulations. The book also offers a complementary website, http://separationsbook.com, with supplementary material such as links to YouTube tutorials, practice problems, and the Excel simulations. This book is aimed at second and third year undergraduate students in Chemical engineering, as well as professionals in the field of Chemical engineering, and can be used for a one semester course in separation processes and unit operations.

Dieses handliche Fachbuch bietet HLPC-Experten ausfuhrliche praktische Informationen, um Gradienten-Trennverfahren zuverlassig und effizient durchzufuhren.

Explains why modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is the leading "green" analytical and purification separations technology. Modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is the leading method used to analyze and purify chiral and achiral chemical compounds, many of which are pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical candidates, and natural products including cannabis-related compounds. This book covers current SFC instrumentation as it relates to greater robustness, better reproducibility, and increased analytical sensitivity. Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Carbon Dioxide Containing Mobile Phases covers the history, instrumentation, method development and applications of SFC. The authors provided readers with an overview of analytical and preparative SFC equipment, stationary phases, and mobile phase choices. Topics covered include: Milestones of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography; Physical Properties of Supercritical Fluids; Instrumentation for SFC; Detection in SFC; Achiral SFC Method Development; Chiral SFC Method Development; and Preparative Scale SFC. The book also includes highlights of modern applications of SFC in the final chapters--namely pharmaceuticals, consumer products, foods, polymers, petroleum-related mixtures, and cannabis--and discusses the future of SFC. Provides a clear explanation of the physical and chemical properties of supercritical fluids, which gives the reader a better understanding of the basis for improved performance in SFC compared to HPLC and GC Describes the advantages of SFC as a green alternative to HPLC and GC for the analysis of both polar, water-soluble, and non-polar analytes Details both achiral and chiral SFC method development, including modifiers, additives, the impact of temperature and pressure, and stationary phase choices Details why SFC is the premier modern preparative chromatographic technique used to purify components of mixtures for subsequent uses, both from performance and economic perspectives Covers numerous detectors, with an emphasis on SFC-MS, SFC-UV, and SFC-ELSD (evaporative light scattering detection) Describes the application of SFC to numerous high-value application areas Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Carbon Dioxide Containing Mobile Phases will be of great interest to professionals, students, and professors involved in analytical, bioanalytical, separations science, medicinal, petroleum, and environmental chemistries. It will also appeal to pharmaceutical scientists, natural-product scientists, food and consumer-products scientists, chemical engineers, and managers in these areas.

Contributed by multiple experts, the book covers the scientific and engineering aspects of membrane processes and systems. It aims to cover basic concepts of novel membrane processes including membrane bioreactors, microbial fuel cell, forward osmosis, electro-dialysis and membrane contactors. Maintains a pragmatic approach involving design, operation and cost analysis of pilot plants as well as scaled-up counterparts

Addressing all aspects of the design, modeling and simulation of chromatographic processes, this result-oriented primer provides a practical guide to all the necessary approaches, methodologies and tools. Beginning with key definitions and concepts, it builds up from the most simple to the most complex situations, including multicomponent systems, non-uniform velocity profiles, bed instability, particle size distributions, and the influence of complex environments on chromatographic process design. In addition to covering classical approaches, it introduces efficient tools for investigating chromatographic processes, such as the 'Russian-Lego' approach for linear systems, phenomenological models, and specific shortcuts for deriving the key properties of industrial processes. With an emphasis on real-world problems and applications, step-by step modeling design guidelines, and detailed exercises for self-assessment, this is a must-have guide for practitioners and researchers working in chemical, biochemical, food and pharmaceutical engineering.

Superconductivity in materials without inversion symmetry in the respective crystal structures occurs in the presence of antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling as a consequence of an emerging electric field gradient. The superconducting condensate is then a superposition of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairs. This scenario accounts for various experimental findings such as nodes in the superconducting gap or extremely large upper critical magnetic fields. Spin-triplet pairing can occur in non-centrosymmetric superconductors in spite of Anderson's theorem that spin-triplet pairing requires a crystal structure that exhibits inversion symmetry. This book, authored and edited by leading researchers in the field, is both an introduction to and overview on this exciting branch of novel superconductors. Its self-contained and tutorial style makes it particularly suitable for self-study and as source of teaching material for special seminars and courses. At the same time it constitutes an up-to-date and authoritative reference for anyone working in this exciting field.

Gas chromatography is widely used in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, and flavour and aroma components. Providing an up-to-date look at the significant advances in the technology, this book includes details on novel sample preparation processes; conventional, high-speed multidimensional gas chromatography systems, including preparative instrumentation; gas chromatography-olfactometry principles; and, finally, chemometrics principles and applications in food analysis. Aimed at providing the food researcher or analyst with detailed analytical information related to advanced gas chromatography technologies, this book is suitable for professionals and postgraduate students learning about the technique in the food industry and research.

The bible of gas chromatography-offering everything the professional and the novice need to know about running, maintaining, and interpreting the results from GC

Analytical chemists, technicians, and scientists in allied disciplines have come to regard Modern Practice of Gas Chomatography as the standard reference in gas chromatography. In addition to serving as an invaluable reference for the experienced practitioner, this bestselling work provides the beginner with a solid understanding of gas chromatographic theory and basic techniques.

This new Fourth Edition incorporates the most recent developments in the field, including entirely new chapters on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); optimization of separations and computer assistance; high speed or fast gas chromatography; mobile phase requirements: gas system requirements and sample preparation techniques; qualitative and quantitative analysis by GC; updated information on detectors; validation and QA/QC of chromatographic methods; and useful hints for good gas chromatography.

As in previous editions, contributing authors have been chosen for their expertise and active participation in their respective areas. Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography, Fourth Edition presents a well-rounded and comprehensive overview of the current state of this important technology, providing a practical reference that will greatly appeal to both experienced chomatographers and novices.

The purpose of this book is to explain the basic physical principles underlying the use of supercritical fluids. Excessive detail is avoided and experimental examples are used sparingly to illustrate the principles, so that the basic principles are clear. Some of the topics are not presently covered in other books or in the literature. The first half of the book covers the very basic topics and in the second half these are applied to separation methods and chemical reactions.

Since the inception of chromatography in 1903, the principal landmarks in its progress have been the virtual rediscovery of the technique in the 1930s, invention of synthetic resins in 1935, introduction of paper chromatography in the 1940s followed by that of thin layer, gas-solid and gas-liquid chroma- tography in the early 1950s. Whilst the theoretical aspects of HPLC were developed in the 1960s, it was the late 1970s before commercial instruments appeared. Developments through the 1980s in microelectronics and micro- processor technology afforded enhanced control, data acquisition and processing capabilities, and improved technologies for the manufacture of instrumentation. Developments in chromatographic media and packings and rapid scanning spectroscopic instruments have enabled combination techniques such as GC-MS, GC-IR, HPLC-MS and HPLC-IR to reach maturity and become standard routine techniques for the analyst. Further considerable research activity in the 1980s and early 1990s has led to the development of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and high perfor- mance capillary electrophoresis is a technique that has proved invaluable in the genome project and the separation and typing of DNA fragments. Applications in environmental, health and safety, foods analysis and medical studies have contributed significantly to the advancement of these tech- niques. All of the instrumental chromatographic techniques are now used routinely by academic and industrial analysts. An understanding and experi- ence of such techniques is fundamental to the training of today's science undergraduates studying a range of disciplines reflecting the application areas mentioned above.

In spite of the current excitement and novelty of magnetic, i.e., diskette, tape and solid state imaging techniques, photographic film still provides the highest resolution and most beautiful images of any imaging medium. This book systematically describes the theory and mechanisms of photographic sensitivity, with topics stressing the understanding of the characteristics of silver halide photography. This book will be suitable for a wide audience, from chemists and physicists who work with silver halide imaging techniques, to those working in solid-state imaging, who need to compare their work with that of silver halide experts.

Guiding chromatographers working in regulated industries and helping them to validate their chromatography data systems to meet data integrity, business and regulatory needs. This book is a detailed look at the life cycle and documented evidence required to ensure a system is fit for purpose throughout the lifecycle. Initially providing the regulatory, data integrity and system life cycle requirements for computerised system validation, the book then develops into a guide on planning, specifying, managing risk, configuring and testing a chromatography data system before release. This is followed by operational aspects such as training, integration and IT support and finally retirement. All areas are discussed in detail with case studies and practical examples provided as appropriate. The book has been carefully written and is right up to date including recently released FDA data integrity guidance. It provides detailed guidance on good practice and expands on the first edition making it an invaluable addition to a chromatographer's book shelf.

Gas Chromatography: History, Methods and Applications focuses on the main applications of gas chromatography in clinical and forensic toxicology, mainly in the determination of drugs of abuse including the new psychoactive substances in several types of biological matrices. The authors go on to investigated the analysis of gaseous or volatile substances using sensor gas chromatography equipped with a semiconductor gas sensor detector. The simplicity, ease of handling, and high sensitivity of this method allow results to be obtained rapidly, which may provide valuable information for forensic diagnosis. This compilation addresses the way in which food adulteration practices are potentially harmful to human health and so food safety and authenticity constitute an important issue in food chemistry. The chemical composition of foodstuffs is an excellent indicator of quality, origin, authenticity and/or adulteration. The concluding study aims to determine the organic compounds of vinasse through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS. Vinasse is a byproduct of ethanol and poses long-term risk to public health because of its persistent and toxic nature.

Clear, Practical Coverage of an Important Reemerging Technology Supercritical Fluid Extraction provides a clear, practical, step-by-step introduction to a sample preparation method that helps laboratories reduce or eliminate the use of halogenated solvents, extract samples more quickly and efficiently, and improve the accuracy of their results. By encouraging a deliberate, systematic approach to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods and techniques, this book enables scientists and technicians to avoid disappointing results and erroneous conclusions and develop reliable guidelines for using this versatile technology. It demonstrates how to make the most of a process that is highly reproducible, fast, and quantitative at sub-ppb levels; preserves the chemical integrity of the analyte to be extracted; and yields a concentrated sample solution that can be easily manipulated. Topics covered include:

• Properties of supercritical fluids
• Functional group solubility in supercritical fluids
• Collection efficiency in off-line SFE
• Extraction strategies
• Applications of analytical SFE