The CRC Handbook of Chromatography is a series of work-bench references for scientists and researchers using chromatographic systems for the analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. This handbook is an assemblage of tables where, besides data obtained by modern separation methods, older sources often difficult to access have been included to give maximum information. For use in scientific research and routine analysis where the exact determination of plant pigments, because of their light absorbing properties and defined tasks, is necessary.

This handbook is intended to serve as a working manual and reference book for carbohydrate chemists and biochemists using the chromatographic methods that are indispensable in this field. Emphsis is on newer methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other automated liquid chromatography systems; and the material included was compiled mainly from literature published during the years 1970 to 1978. Data appearing in Volumes I and II of the Handbook of Chromatography are not repeated here, but references to relevant tables in Volumes I and II are given at the start of corresponding sections of this handbook. In some cases material published before 1970 that was omitted from Volumes I and II of the series is included here: this applies particularly to the sections dealing with paper chromatography and electrophoresis.

Increased environmental consciousness within the scientific community has spurred the search for environmentally friendly processes as alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In the past two decades, numerous advances-including the use of ionic liquids-have made it possible to develop substitutes for some toxic solvents. Ionic liquids are widely recognized as suitable for use in organic reactions and can also improve the control of product distribution, enhanced reactivity, ease of product recovery, catalyst immobilization, and recycling. Environmentally Friendly Syntheses Using Ionic Liquids presents the latest developments in the field. It also reviews the latest applications in a wide range of fields including biotechnology, nuclear science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and organic and inorganic chemistry-all from the standpoint of green sustainable chemistry. Growing interest in the field of ionic liquids will define newer and unexplored areas of applications, expanding possible use of these environmentally friendly chemicals. The information presented in this book will undoubtedly help motivate readers to further explore the field.

CRC Handbook of Chromatography: Carbohydrates, Volume II updates the first volume, continuing coverage of literature published from 1979 to 1989. Tabulated for easy reference and thoroughly documented, it presents the comprehensive data for all chromatographic techniques applicable to carbohydrates. It features glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids, as well as mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides. This important text emphasizes novel chromatographic methods. Highlights of this superb work include the diversity of HPLC methods applicable to carbohydrates, and the use of some new techniques, including supercritical fluid chromatography and ion chromatography in carbohydrate analysis. Readers discover the latest detection methods, degradative processes, and derivatization techniques. Detailed chapters cover topics such as spectroscopic techniques, electrochemistry, and gas chromatography. This easy-to-use volume provides an excellent working manual and reference book for researchers in the fields of carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. CRC Handbook of Chromatography, Carbohydrates: Volume II is an absolute must for all analysts working for industries concerned with carbohydrates.

An indispensable resource for busy researchers
Your time is valuable-too valuable to spend hunting through the technical literature in search of the right HPLC assay techniques for your projects. With HPLC Methods for Recently Approved Pharmaceuticals, you'll quickly identify and replicate the ideal procedures for your project needs, without having to refer to original source publications. More of your time can then be spent in the lab, not the library.
Covering the relevant world literature through 2003, this book picks up where Dr. Lunn's acclaimed HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis left off. It arms you with established HPLC assay techniques for hundreds of newly approved drugs, as well as drugs for which assay methods were only recently developed. Combining detailed descriptions of procedures with specially annotated references, this practical handbook gives you:
* HPLC methods for 390 commonly prescribed pharmaceutical compounds
* Various procedures for each drug listed together-making it easy to mix and match for customized approaches
* Methods for drugs in biological fluids and for bulk and formulated drugs
* Chemical structures, molecular weights and formulas, and CAS Registry Numbers
* Cross-references to The Merck Index
* Retention times of other drugs that can be assayed using the same methods

Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning
This series provides a uniquely comprehensive and integrated coverage of analytical chemistry, covering basic concepts, classical methods, instrumental techniques and applications. The learning objectives of each text are clearly identified and the student's understanding of the material is constantly challenged by self-assessment questions with reinforcing or remedial responses. The overall objective of Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning is to enable the student to select and apply appropriate methods and techniques to solve analytical problems, and to interpret the results obtained.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Second Edition
The aim of this book is to provide the beginner with a working knowledge of the basic principles and theory behind HPLC techniques. This thoroughly revised edition was written to reflect the advances in standard laboratory practice and encompasses the many new challenges that the practitioner is likely to face. The book covers the foundations of liquid chromatography, instrumentation, column packings and many important applications. HPLC is acknowledged as a powerful and sophisticated analytical technique. This book facilitates the confident use of HPLC and will be particularly valuable to those requiring a sound practical overview with an emphasis on applications and methods.

Describes the thermodynamics and kinetics underlying hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. Outlines use of a kinetic model in the predictive modeling of evaporation processes that eliminates the need to know the composition and identity of the chemical constituents in the sample. Explores building and employing QSRR models in cyclodextrin modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reviews chemometric methods commonly paired with comprehensive 2D separations and key instrumental and preprocessing considerations.

This book gives an overview of the numerical data analysis and signal treatment techniques that are used in chromatography and related separation techniques. Emphasis is given to the description of the symmetrical and asymmetrical chromatographic peak shape models. Both theoretical and empirical models are discussed.

The fundamentals of data acquisition, types and effect of baseline noise, and methods of improving the signal-to-noise ratio (either in time or in frequency and wavelet domain) are thoroughly discussed. Resolution enhancement techniques, such as curve fitting, deconvolution by Fourier and wavelet transforms, iterative deconvolution, Kalman filtering and multivariate methods of curve resolution are all discussed with several chromatographic examples. Quantitative analysis by peak area of peak height measurement, the precision and accuracy of the quantitation of stand-alone or overlapping and symmetrical or asymmetrical peaks are treated. In a separate chapter, guidelines are given for the use of transform techniques for the analysis of chromatograms.

A statistical description of peak overlap is given in the final chapters. Since the concept of resolution has to be reconsidered when one separates complex mixtures, the problem of resolution and overlap is quantitatively discussed by means of statistical methods, and by using Fourier analysis of the complex chromatogram.

Features of this book

The ultimate source of numerical techniques to enhance chromatographic data

Gives a detailed description of signal and resolution enhancement techniques in a manner applicable for enhancing not only chromatography, but also spectroscopic and other analytical signals

The first book with a thorough overview of the statistics of peak overlap.

This is the first volume to encompass both the simple and more sophisticated methods for the numerical treatment of chromatograms. It is, therefore, the fundamental resource of numerical analysis methods for every analyst."

CRC Handbook of Chromatography: Carbohydrates, Volume II updates the first volume, continuing coverage of literature published from 1979 to 1989. Tabulated for easy reference and thoroughly documented, it presents the comprehensive data for all chromatographic techniques applicable to carbohydrates. It features glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids, as well as mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides. This important text emphasizes novel chromatographic methods. Highlights of this superb work include the diversity of HPLC methods applicable to carbohydrates, and the use of some new techniques, including supercritical fluid chromatography and ion chromatography in carbohydrate analysis. Readers discover the latest detection methods, degradative processes, and derivatization techniques. Detailed chapters cover topics such as spectroscopic techniques, electrochemistry, and gas chromatography. This easy-to-use volume provides an excellent working manual and reference book for researchers in the fields of carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. CRC Handbook of Chromatography, Carbohydrates: Volume II is an absolute must for all analysts working for industries concerned with carbohydrates.

The CRC Handbook of Chromatography is a series of work-bench references for scientists and researchers using chromatographic systems for the analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. This handbook is an assemblage of tables where, besides data obtained by modern separation methods, older sources often difficult to access have been included to give maximum information. For use in scientific research and routine analysis where the exact determination of plant pigments, because of their light absorbing properties and defined tasks, is necessary.

Handbook of Advanced Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry Techniques is a compendium of new and advanced analytical techniques that have been developed in recent years for analysis of all types of molecules in a variety of complex matrices, from foods to fuel to pharmaceuticals and more. Focusing on areas that are becoming widely used or growing rapidly, this is a comprehensive volume that describes both theoretical and practical aspects of advanced methods for analysis. Written by authors who have published the foundational works in the field, the chapters have an emphasis on lipids, but reach a broader audience by including advanced analytical techniques applied to a variety of fields. Handbook of Advanced Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry Techniques is the ideal reference for those just entering the analytical fields covered, but also for those experienced analysts who want a combination of an overview of the techniques plus specific and pragmatic details not often covered in journal reports. The authors provide, in one source, a synthesis of knowledge that is scattered across a multitude of literature articles. The combination of pragmatic hints and tips with theoretical concepts and demonstrated applications provides both breadth and depth to produce a valuable and enduring reference manual. It is well suited for advanced analytical instrumentation students as well as for analysts seeking additional knowledge or a deeper understanding of familiar techniques.

Over the past four decades, notable advancements in the theory and application of ion exchange science uncovered a wealth of knowledge that fueled new scientific pursuits and created synergies with myriad scientific endeavors. Today, pioneers continue to break new ground by synthesizing novel materials and merging the interdisciplinary fields of science and engineering. Now in its 20th volume, Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances chronicles the ongoing changes that drive innovation in this important field. Beginning with a review of research studies that show how functionalized ion exchange polymers serve as supports to stabilize metal nanoparticles (MNPs) without forming larger than nano aggregates, the book describes the sorption of different gases from the air by ion exchange resins and fibrous ion exchangers and discusses the selective ion exchange technology capable of removing and recovering perchlorate quantitatively through stable isotope ratio analysis of chlorine and oxygen atoms, allowing for the forensic analysis of perchlorate origin in contaminated water. Later chapters demonstrate how numerical simulations coupled with small-scale bench-top experiments can help tailor particle size distribution and enhance the efficiency of each application, review dual-temperature ion exchange processes in which sorption and desorption are carried out solely by varying temperature, and present the preparation and characterization of a new composite material in which microparticles of clinoptilolite are embedded in a matrix of cross-linked chitosan, opening new opportunities for the natural biopolymer. The book concludes with the preparation, characterization, and field-level experience of an emerging class of "hybrid ion exchangers" that enhance the application opportunities of ion exchange resins. Highlighting the latest and most pivotal discoveries, the 20th volume of a field standard codifies the current state-of-the-art and lays the groundwork for the next generation of growth and expansion in the field of ion exchange.

For more than five decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. For Volume 55, established, well-known chemists offer cutting-edge reviews of chromatographic methods to pay tribute to the late Eli Grushka, beloved series editor, who inspired and mentored many in the field of separation science. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations for which this series has become known makes the material accessible and engaging to analytical, biochemical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill.

The porphyrins, chlorophylls, bilins and related tetrapyrroles are vital for all living organisms. Natural and synthetic tetrapyrroles are used extensively in foods, cosmetics, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medicine. Methods for their separation and characterization therefore, have a very wide area of applications. Yet, there is a dearth of books dedicated to HPLC and HPLC/MS of tetrapyrroles. Lim addresses this problem admirably by providing practical HPLC and HPLC/MS protocols coupled with in-depth chromatographic and mass spectrometric reference data. These are invaluable in the analysis, identification and characterization of porphyrins, chlorophylls, bilins and other related compounds found in biological and clinical materials. HPLC method development and optimization for coupling to mass spectrometry are also described in rich detail. Sample preparation, and suggestions for avoiding procedural artifacts during extraction of clinical and biological samples are discussed. Clinical biochemists involved in biochemical diagnosis of human porphyrias will find this monograph assuredly helpful, as would analysts, biochemists and chemists involved in the separation, isolation and characterization of natural and synthetic tetrapyrroles. Undoubtedly, Lim has contributed a master-piece containing sufficient background material for beginners and up-to-date references for all researchers in the field.

This is the first book that comprehensively and systematically describes the new technology of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is a separation technique suitable for polar and hydrophilic compounds and orthogonal to reversed phase liquid chromatography. From small organic molecules to proteins, the text explores the many applications of HILIC in the analytical field. Winner of the President's Award for Excellence, the author explains how HILIC can significantly improve analytical throughput by shortening sample preparation procedure, which is one of the bottlenecks for drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry.

Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Second Edition,is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their knowledge of the wide variety of applications in the field. In the years since the first edition was published, thousands of papers have been released on new achievements in liquid chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, improvement of instrumentation, development of theory, and new applications in biomedicine, metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, pharmaceuticals, and more. This second edition addresses these new developments with updated chapters from the most expert researchers in the field.

The growth in the world's nuclear industry, motivated by peaking world oil supplies, concerns about the greenhouse effect, and domestic needs for energy independence, has resulted in a heightened focus on the need for next-generation nuclear fuel-cycle technologies. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 19 provides a comprehensive look at the state of the science underlying solvent extraction in its role as the most powerful separation technique for the reprocessing of commercial spent nuclear fuel. Capturing the current technology and scientific progress as it exists today and looking ahead to potential developments, the book examines the overall state of solvent extraction in reprocessing, new molecules for increased selectivity and performance, methods for predicting extractant properties, and actinide-lanthanide group separation. The contributors also explore the simultaneous extraction of radionuclides by mixing extractants, the cause and nature of third-phase formation, the effects of radiation on the solvent and its performance, analytical techniques for measuring process concentrations, new centrifugal contactors for more efficient processing, and new chemistry using novel media. The long-term vision of many professionals in the field entails a proliferation-free nuclear energy economy in which little or no waste is stored or released into the environment and all potential energy values in spent nuclear fuel are recycled. This text opens a window on that possibility, offering insight from world leaders on the cutting edge of nuclear research.

Emphasis on improved quality and performance of distilled products and the demand for reduced operating costs place a heavy burden on both the personnel responsible for profitability and the manufacturing department charged with operating the processing equipment. There have been dramatic improvements in the computer software and hardware used to simulate and model the distillation process and potential response to experimentation, but mastering the art of distillation process and control still requires solid understanding of a large body of information. With a focus on achieving product purity at low cost, Distillation Control, Optimization, and Tuning: Fundamentals and Strategies highlights core concepts. These include process variables for continuous binary distillation columns and the four basic control strategies, the distillate and bottoms product quality performance objectives, and the tuning of process control loops. Without dwelling on complex mathematical descriptions, the book presents the fundamentals of process control of a distillation column as a separation and purification unit operation. It covers the concepts and functional criteria that are critical to successful implementation of process control, as well as measurement and improvement of product quality performance. It describes how process control loops for distillation columns can be tuned for stable operation, with a balance between minimum variability from setpoint changes and excellent response to load disturbances. Designed for students, engineers, technicians, and plant operators alike, this book emphasizes the prevailing need to strike a balance between the details of hypotheses and good engineering judgment. The author outlines learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter and includes chapter-end summaries, exercises, and references to help readers acquire essential knowledge and understanding. The result is a resource that will inform future decisions for the design, operation, and troubleshooting of distillation process control systems.

Of related interest… Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC Satinder Ahuja Written by a leading scientist in the field, this monograph provides the first definitive and technically up-to-date treatment of the theory, equipment, and applications of chemistry’s most powerful reliable analytical technique. Coverage includes an encyclopedic compendium of common substances that require trace and ultratrace analysis, and features clear discussion of such important topics as considerations for HPLC equipment, sensitive detectors, sample preparation, method development, selectivity and computer-based optimizations, optimizing detectability, and much more. 1991 (0 471-51419-5) 432 pp. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Biotechnology Edited by William S. Hancock Analytical chemists, biochemists, and chemical engineers will find this up-to-date guide to HPLC’s recent developments essential for enhancing on-the-job technical expertise. Extensive coverage includes the broad applications of HPLC, ranging from major chromatographic techniques (including reversed phase, ion exchange, affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography) to specific separations such as those in monoclonal antibody and nucleic acid purification. Techniques for quality control programs and advanced technology are also discussed. 1990 (0 471-82584-0) 564 pp. Unified Separation Science J. Calvin Giddings This advanced text/monograph brings together for the first time the variety of techniques used for chemical separations by outlining their common underlying mechanisms. The mass transport phenomena underlying all separation processes are developed in a simple physical-mathematical form, facilitating analysis of alternative separation techniques and the factors integral to separation power. The first six chapters provide background material applicable to a wide range of separation methods, while the final five chapters illustrate specific techniques and methods. 1991 (0 471-52089-6) 320 pp.

For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. For Volume 53, the series editors have invited established, well-known chemists to offer cutting-edge reviews of chromatographic methods with applications in the life sciences. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations for which this series has become known makes the material accessible and engaging to analytical, biochemical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill.

The use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques in the study of enzymatic reactions has grown significantly since the publication of the first edition of this highly successful book: the role of enzymes in biological research has expanded; the application of HPLC and enzymes has extended to more disciplines; advances in separation techniques and instrumentation have increased the capability of HPLC; and the discovery of new enzymes has spawned new methods of analysis.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Enzymatic Analysis, Second Edition addresses these developments in its coverage of the refinements of HPLC methods and their use in a wide range of laboratory applications. It offers the same practical approach found in the first edition, incorporates a wealth of new information into existing chapters, and adds new chapters to deal with new applications, including capillary electrophoresis, forensic chemistry, microdialysis, and the polymerase chain reaction. Topics include:
* Application of HPLC to the assay of enzymatic activities
* Concepts and principles of HPLC, including the latest technological advances
* Concepts and principles of capillary electrophoresis (CE)
* Strategy for design of an HPLC/CE system for assay of enzyme activity
* Preparation of enzymatic activities from tissues and single cells
* Analysis of enzymatic activities in body fluids, including chromatobiosis
* HPLC for the identification of new enzymatic activities
* Fundamentals of the polymerase chain reaction
* HPLC in forensics
* Survey of enzymatic activities assayed by the HPLC method, including many new categories
* Multienzymesystems, including many new examples
* HPLC in the analysis of contaminated food
"It is the ability of HPLC to accomplish separations completely and rapidly that led to its original application to problems in the life sciences, particularly those related to purification. An analysis of the literature revealed that this technique was used primarily for the purification of small molecules, macromolecules such as peptides and proteins, and more recently, antibodies. This application to purification has all but dominated the use of the method, and there has been a plethora of books, symposia, and conferences on the use of HPLC for these purposes. However, it was only a matter of time before others began to look beyond and to explore the possibilities that result from the capacity to make separations quickly and efficiently." --from the preface to the First Edition
Easy to read and full of practical advice and hundreds of diagrams and examples, High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Enzymatic Analysis, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and laboratory workers in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology, and for anyone interested in keeping up with this fast-growing field.

For more than five decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-todate information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations for which this series has become known makes the material accessible and engaging to analytical, biochemical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill. Key Features: Includes a chapter dedicated to Izaak Maurits Kolthoff, offering a unique look at his non-professional life as well as his impact and legacy in Analytical Chemistry. Discusses recent advances in two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. Reviews solvation processes, methodologies of their measurement, and parameters influenced solvation Explores recent advances in TLC analysis of natural colorings, determination of synthetic dyes, and determination of EU-permitted natural colors, in foods. Offers comprehensive and critical insights on the key aspects of CE-MS analysis of intact proteins

Planar Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry focuses on a relatively new approach to chemical analysis in general, and to separation science in particular. It is the first book to systemically cover the theoretical background, techniques, instrumentation, and practical applications of planar chromatography-mass spectrometry as a hyphenated tool of analytical chemistry. It also examines the high and as-yet unexploited potential of planar chromatography-mass spectrometry for analytical use in scientific investigations. This book overviews the combination of planar chromatography, a relatively simple and cost-effective separation step for determining complex mixtures of compounds, with mass spectrometry, an efficient, highly instrumental, and relatively expensive technique that enables rapid identification of separated chemical species. It covers electrophoretic-mass spectrometry methods and applications, which are considered planar chromatographic techniques and are increasingly being exploited in proteomic and molecular biology studies as well as for medical diagnostic purposes. It also provides a selection of applications, such as drug control and forensic and food analysis, including more difficult substances such as carbohydrates and lipids. The book advocates growth in using planar chromatography-mass spectrometry in laboratories that have appropriate equipment but have not yet employed the techniques in combination. It also describes the use of a relatively inexpensive commercial system that can be adopted by laboratories currently working without the coupled methodology. Aiming to improve power and efficiency when other analytical methods are inadequate, Planar Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry encourages separation science practitioners in academia and industry to combine the two methods for enhanced results.

This book describes modern preparative chromatography techniques and their application in the separation of natural products, synthetic intermediates, metabolites, macromolecules, and biologically active substances, e.g. new lead compounds from microorganisms and both marine and terrestrial higher organisms. The authors focus their book on the applications and aim to provide the reader with a rapid idea on how to obtain milligram or gram quantities for pure constituents from complex mixtures with minimum effort. Descriptions of apparatus and operation procedures together with numerous examples of actual separations - often widely scattered in literature - are provided. This completely revised second edition has been enlarged by chapters on macromolecule and and enantiomer separation and on preparative GC.

The book begins by covering the basic principles of both gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to the extent necessary to understand and deal with the data generated in a GC-MS analysis. The focus then turns to the particular requirements created by a direct combination of these two techniques into a single instrumentation system. The data generated and their use are covered in detail. The role of the computer and its specific software receives special attention, especially in the matter of compound identification via mass spectral search techniques. GC-MS-computer instrumentation has reached such a plateau of excellence today that the present commercial systems will not be obsolete for a long time to come. Therefore, a detailed description of these systems is not only informative but is also pertinent to the subject matter of this book. Finally, representative applications and results obtained with GC-MS-computer techniques are presented and chosen in such a way as to permit extrapolation of specific applications to similar problems encountered by the reader. To aid the reader in mastering the subject matter and increase understanding, interpretation problems and suggested readings are included. The format is instructional, informative and application-oriented with material presented in such a way as to be useful to a broad spectrum of people.
The book serves as a text in its own right.
The software package Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Knowledge Base, by F.A. Settle, Jr. and M.A. Pleva provides rapid access to a wealth of current information in the GC-MS field. Its three diskettes (51/4 inch) allow the user three ways to access: the index mode, the tree mode and a keyword search mode. The package may be purchased separately and is available for the IBM-PC and compatibles.
The software provides a valuable supplement to the book.