This ASI brought together a diverse group of experts who span virology, biology, biophysics, chemistry, physics and engineering. Prominent lecturers representing world renowned scientists from nine (9) different countries, and students from around the world representing eighteen (18) countries, participated in the ASI organized by Professors Joseph Puglisi (Stanford University, USA) and Alexander Arseniev (Moscow, RU). The central hypothesis underlying this ASI was that interdisciplinary research, merging principles of physics, chemistry and biology, can drive new discovery in detecting and fighting chemical and bioterrorism agents, lead to cleaner environments and improved energy sources, and help propel development in NATO partner countries. At the end of the ASI students had an appreciation of how to apply each technique to their own particular research problem and to demonstrate that multifaceted approaches and new technologies are needed to solve the biological challenges of our time. The course succeeded in training a new generation of biologists and chemists who will probe the molecular basis for life and disease.

This book provides a concise introduction to the newly created sub-discipline of solid state physics isotopetronics. The role of isotopes in materials and their properties are describe in this book. The problem of the enigma of the atomic mass in microphysics is briefly discussed. The range of the applications of isotopes is wide: from biochemical process in living organisms to modern technical applications in quantum information. Isotopetronics promises to improve nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. With numerous illustrations this book is useful to researchers, engineers and graduate students.

Molecular Sieves- Science and Technology will cover, in a comprehensive manner, the science and technology of zeolites and all related microporous and mesoporous materials. Authored by renowned experts, the contributions will be grouped together topically in such a way that each volume of the book series will be dealing with a specific sub-field. Volume 3 deals with the most widely employed techniques for the post-synthesis modificaton of molecular sieves. Among the topics covered in considerable detail are ion exchange, both in the more conventional variant in aqueous suspension and in the solid-state variant, the various methods for dealumination of zeolites, and the techniques for introducing metallic, ionic, oxidic and sulfidic clusters into the cages and channels of microporous materials.

Although size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is perhaps the most popular and widely used technique for determining the molecular weight distribution of polymeric materials, there have been very few texts written on this topic. During the past decade, SEC has experienced a considerable amount of growth in regard to column and detector technology and new applications. With these advances, SEC can now be used for determining absolute molecular weight, polymer chain conformation and size, and branching, as well as polymer solution properties. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of SEC with emphasis on practical aspects of the technique, such as column and mobile selection, calibration, new detector capabilities and guidelines for performing SEC on most types of polymers, especially those of industrial importance. This book is intended for either those new to the field of SEC, or for those research workers who require a more comprehensive background.

Diffusion in solids at moderate temperatures is a well-known phenomenon. However, direct experimental evidence about the responsible atomic-scale mechanisms has been scarce, due to difficulties in probing the relevant length- and time-scales. The present thesis deals with the application of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) for answering such questions. This is an established method for the study of slow dynamics on length-scales of a few nanometres. The scattered intensity in the diffuse regime, i.e. corresponding to atomic distances, is very low, however, and so it has so far been considered impossible to use XPCS for this problem. Threefold progress is reported in this work: It proposes a number of systems selected for high diffuse intensity, it optimizes the photon detection and data evaluation procedures, and it establishes theoretical models for interpretating the results. Together these advances allowed the first successful atomic-scale XPCS experiment, which elucidated the role of preferred configurations for atomic jumps in a copper-gold alloy. The growth in available coherent X-ray intensity together with next-generation X-ray sources will open up a wide field of application for this new method.

More than 40 renowned authorities carefully introduce and update chapters on the theory, fundamentals, techniques, and instrumentation of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), highlighting the latest procedures and applications of TLC to 19 important compound classes. It is one of the only books available with coverage of TLC applications by compound type. Facilitating industrial adaptation through easy reference, the second edition supports practical research strategies with extensive tables of data, offers numerous figures that illustrate techniques and chromatograms, and includes a glossary as well as a directory of equipment suppliers.

Provides an engaging account of how genetic abnormalities, neurobiology and neuropsychology work in concert to manifest cognitive-behavioral dysfunction. The authors have woven the various molecular genetic, genomic, neurophysiological and neurobehavioral threads together into a cohesive fabric of human genes, brain, and behavior. The first section provides and introduction to neurobehavioral disorders and their phenotypes in order to investigate the pathway between genes and behavior. The second section covers autosomal disorders that produce neurobehavioral dysfunction including neurofibromatosis, Prader-Willi syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis among others. The final section considers X-linked disorders in which syndromal and nonsyndromal forms of XLMR are present. It includes the first comprehensive account of the genotype and phenotype in FRAXE, the other fragile X mutation.

"Volume 40 presents an authoritative selection of the best and most up-to-date research findings in separation science. Surveys recent developments in high performance-liquid (HPLC), reversed-phase liquid (RPLC), countercurrent (CCC), and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC)."

An explanation of proven methods of chemical analysis, focusing on the myriad applications of solid phase microextraction (SPME) to laboratories performing high-sample throughput, quick sample turnaround time, low detection levels, and dirty sample matrices. It supplies commentary on developments in SPME technology from its inventor, Janusz Pawliszyn.

Nowadays, there are increasing demands for the control and specification of all aspects of industrial manufacturing. There is also a growing need to understand various biological processes and conditions for agricultural production, and concern for protection of the environment and human health. These factors have made it imperative to develop adequate methods for the analysis of gaseous substances or substances that can be converted to the gaseous state. It is not only necessary to apply known and developed methods correctly, but novel analytical procedures must also be found. Instrumentation should be improved and the applications of these methods will have to be extended.

The present volume provides a comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art and of future possibilities in the analysis of gaseous substances. In the individual chapters the following themes have been discussed; the theoretical basis for the methods, a description of the instrumentation and the steps necessary in actual analyses and an outline of the principal areas in which each method can be employed. Both classical methods that are still useful for the solution of analytical problems using simple instrumentation, and the newest methods in the field are described. Special attention is paid to modern electrochemical and spectroscopic methods, and to methods based on a number of physical principles. Gas chromatography is discussed in the greatest detail because of its specially important position in modern analytical chemistry.

The book should be well received by the analytical public and should be extremely useful to students and workers in scientific research laboratories and in fields dealing with environmental protection.

This book explores the fundamental and practical aspects of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and extraction. It discusses packed columns in SFC; detection in SFC; supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectroscopy; and evaporative light scattering detection in SFC.

Updated and revised throughout. Second Edition explores the chromatographic methods used for the measurement of drugs, impurities, and excipients in pharmaceutical preparations--such as tablets, ointments, and injectables. Contains a 148-page table listing the chromatographic data of over 1300 drugs and related substances--including sample matrix analyzed, sample handling procedures, column packings, mobile phase, mode of detection, and more.

Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography provides thorough coverage of the principles, practices, and applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for important sample and compound types. This information is directed specifically at workers in the most active scientific fields.

Instrumental Thin-Layer Chromatography, Second Edition offers a comprehensive source of authoritative information on all aspects of instrumental thin-layer chromatography. The use of short, topic-focused chapters facilitates identifying information of immediate interest for familiar or emerging uses of thin-layer chromatography. The book gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, or deepen their understanding of fundamental and instrumental aspects of thin-layer chromatography, as well as the tools to interpret and manage chromatographic data. The book serves as a practical consolidated guide to the selection of separation conditions and the use of auxiliary techniques. This fully updated new edition restores the contemporary character of the book for those involved in advancing the technology, analyzing data produced, or applying the technique to new application areas. Some chapters have been consolidated to make room for topics not covered in the first edition, reflecting general changes in the field of thin-layer chromatography, especially in effects-directed detection, convenient interfaces for advanced spectroscopic detection, and greater automation possibilities. This book is a valuable reference for anyone who needs to acquire fundamental and practical information to facilitate progress in research and management functions utilizing information acquired by thin-layer chromatography.

For many years TLC has suffered from the image of being a low sensitivity, low resolution, non-quantitative teehnique, suitable for chemists, but not a tool for real ehromatographers. Whilst perhaps true in the past this attitude no longer ref1eets the eapabi1ities of modern instrumenta1ized TLC in all its many forms. This volume represents the proceedings of a meeting in Brighton in 1987 whieh formed part of a eontinuing series of one and two day events on TLC organized by the Chromatographie Soeiety either alone or, like this one, in eonjunetion with other learned bodies. These meetings are designed to keep ehromatographers up to date with the latest deve10pments and help promote a more positive image of TLC. lan Wilson November 1987 v CONTENTS The Chromatographic Society xi Contemporary Thin-layer Chromatography: An introduction IoD. Wilson INSTRUMENTATION Quantitative Methods in Thin-layer Chromatography C. F. Poole, S. K. Poole and T. A. Dean 11 Fluorescence Line-narrowing Spectroscopy: A New and Highly Selective Detection Technique for Thin-layer and Liquid Chromatography J. W. Hofstraat, C. Gooijer, U. A. Th. Brinkman and N. H. Velthorst 29 Qualitative and Quantitative Image Analysis of Fluorescence from High Performance Thi. n-layer Chromatography R. M. Belchamber, S. J. Brinkworth, H. Read and J. D. M. Roberts 37 Analytical Rotation Planar Chromatography Sz. Nyiredy, K. Dallenbach-Toelke and O. Sticher 45 Analytical and Preparative Overpressured Layer Chromatography E. Mincsovics and E. Tyihak 57 Anticircular Planar Chromatography: Analytical and Preparative Aspects H. Traitler and A.

Written by a team of internationally renowned experts, this book focuses on the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. The authors introduce the basic theory of chromatographic separations before discussing specific forensic issues such as drug analysis and fires and explosives. Problems faced by forensic scientists, including degraded samples and small sample size, are also addressed.

Expanded bed adsorption chromatography is a novel processing technique for the purification of biomolecules, combining clarification, concentration and initial purification in one step. By such an integration it is possible to reduce the number of steps in the purification process, to shorten the processing time and to improve the yields. The technology is new, and interesting developments have taken place concerning the adsorbents, the processing technology and potential applications. Both small-scale laboratory processes and larger industrial processes are being developed. Expanded bed chromatography is one of the most exciting new developments in downstream processing in recent years. The technology will be a standard procedure when new biotechnological processes are being developed.

This volume covers various aspects of affinity chromatography along with examples of its applications. Chapters guide readers through methodologies to purify a diverse array of molecular targets such as antibodies, extracellular vesicles, recombinant proteins, biomarkers, metabolites, plant organelles, nucleic acids, ligand identification and protocols on building affinity matrix. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols aims to be an invaluable resource to anyone employing affinity chromatography-based methodologies.

Most of the recent texts on compact modeling are limited to a particular class of semiconductor devices and do not provide comprehensive coverage of the field. Having a single comprehensive reference for the compact models of most commonly used semiconductor devices (both active and passive) represents a significant advantage for the reader. Indeed, several kinds of semiconductor devices are routinely encountered in a single IC design or in a single modeling support group. Compact Modeling includes mostly the material that after several years of IC design applications has been found both theoretically sound and practically significant. Assigning the individual chapters to the groups responsible for the definitive work on the subject assures the highest possible degree of expertise on each of the covered models.

Chromatography - A Century of Discovery 1900-2000 represents the combined thinking and contributions of many chromatographers. It includes several in-depth feature chapters covering the Beginnings of Chromatography, which highlights M.S. Tswett, the inventor of chromatography, and several other early pioneers. Included are the contributions of several Nobel Laureates, and 125 Chromatography Award Winners and contributors, an extensive bibliography of publications on the History of the Evolution of Chromatography; a presentation of Major International Symposia supporting chromatography and as a bridge to selected sciences. Special chapters are written by well-known Chromatographers on Support and Stationary Phases, and Separations followed by a chapter on Milestones and Paradigm Shifts in Science. New discoveries in the life sciences and medicine, agriculture, the environment and separations technology in the 21st century will rely immeasurably on the 20th century research tools in chromatography and those yet to be developed.

A prerequisite for elucidating the structure and function of any protein is the prior purification of that protein. This necessity has led to the development of many purification schemes and chromatographic methods for the isolation of native proteins from complex sources. In Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, leading researchers present clear protocol-style chapters that are suitable for newcomers and experts alike. The book opens with vital topics in protein biochemistry, addressing such areas as protein stability and storage, avoiding proteolysis during chromatography, protein quantitation methods including immuno-qPCR, and the contrasting challenges that microfluidics and scale-up production pose to the investigator, and then it segues into key methods involving the generation and purification of recombinant proteins through recombinant antibody production and the tagging of proteins, amongst other means, as well as many variations on classic techniques such as ion-exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, protocols chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Protein Chromatography: Methods and Protocols will greatly aid scientists in establishing these essential techniques in their own laboratories and furthering our understanding of the many imperative functions of proteins.

Principles and Practice of Modern Chromatographic Methods, Second Edition takes a comprehensive, unified approach in its presentation of chromatographic techniques. Like the first edition, the book provides a scientifically rigid, but easy-to-follow presentation of chromatography concepts that begins with the purpose and intent of chromatographic theory - the "what and why" that are left out of other books attempting to cover these principles. This fully revised second edition brings the content up-to-date, covering recent developments in several new sections and an additional chapter on composite methods. New topics include sample profiling, sample preparation, sustainable green chemistry, 2D chromatography, miniaturization/nano-LC, HILIC, and more.

In this thesis, the author outlines the development of new monolithic columns and isotope dimethyl labeling strategies and their applications in high-performance proteome analyses. Though different types of monolithic columns have been widely developed for chromatography and electrophoresis separation, their application in proteomics for complex peptide mixtures separation is still a challenge. The author discusses the preparation of new monolithic columns and optimization of chromatography separation capability to improve coverage and accuracy of proteome analysis. Further, the author describes a novel online multidimensional chromatography system combined with automated online isotope labeling, which significantly improves the throughput, sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative proteomics. In addition to the development of new technologies, the author investigates the proteome and phosphoproteome expression changes of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and the hippocampi of mice with Alzheimer s disease. The work in this thesis has led to several publications in high-profile journals in the fields of analytical chemistry and proteome research."

This volume collects a a number of contributions on spontaneous symmetry breaking. Current studies in this general field are going ahead at a full speed. The book present review chapters which give an overview on the major break throughs of recent years. It covers a number of different physical settings which are introduced when a nonlinearity is added to the underlying symmetric problems and its strength exceeds a certain critical value. The corresponding loss of symmetry, called spontaneous symmetry breaking, alias self-trapping into asymmetric states is extensively discussed in this book.
The book presents both active theoretical studies of spontaneous symmetry breaking effects as well as experimental findings, chiefly for Bose-Einstein-Condensates with the self-repulsive nonlinearity, and also for photorefractive media in optics.